The Role of Organic Fertilizers in Nutrient Uptake of Cereal Species Under Cadmium Stress

Öz

The effects of organic (bat manure, vermicompost, and compost) and mineral fertilization on the nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd)] uptake and dry matter content of eight cereals (two and six row barley, tritordeum, bread and durum wheat, triticale, rye, and oat) were examined under Cd conditions. The plants were grown in controlled conditions in three replications according to the factorial trial design until the three-leaf stage. Fertilizers and Cd were applied to the soil before seed planting. The impact of fertilizers on plant dry weight and nutrient uptake is presented in descending order: mineral fertilization > bat manure > vermicompost > compost. Among different cereal types, durum wheat had the highest uptake of P and Zn, while barley varieties had the highest amount of other nutrients and dry matter. Tritordeum was found to have the lowest nutrient content among the cereal types. The research results indicate that Cd accumulation increased with the application of Cd in cereals that received mineral fertilization. However, compost caused the least Cd accumulation. It has been shown that mineral fertilizers, especially in Cd-polluted soils, cause high amounts of Cd uptake by plants. On the other hand, compost is effective in reducing Cd uptake by plants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cadmium stress
• compost
• cereals
• vermicompost
• bat guano

Kadmiyum Stresindeki Tahıl Türlerinin Besin Elementi Alımında Organik Gübrelerin Rolü

Öz

Organik (yarasa gübresi, vermikompost ve yaprak kompost) ve mineral gübrelemenin, kadmiyum (Cd) koşullarında uygulanmasının sekiz tahıl çeşidinin (2 ve 6 sıralı arpa, tritordeum, ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğday, tritikale, çavdar ve yulaf) erken gelişme döneminde besin elementi [azot (N), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), çinko (Zn), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu), mangan (Mn) ve Cd] alımına ve kuru madde miktarına etkilerini incelemek için bu araştırma yürütülmüştür. Bitkiler faktöriyel deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kontrollü koşullarda, üç yapraklı döneme kadar yetiştirilmiştir. Tohum ekimi öncesi gübreler ve Cd toprağa uygulanmıştır. Gübrelerin bitki kuru ağırlığı ve besin elementi alımını artırma etkisi geleneksel gübreleme > yarasa gübresi > vermikompost > yaprak kompostu olarak sıralanmıştır. Tahıl türlerinde P ve Zn alımının makarnalık buğdayda, diğer besin elementlerinin ve kuru madde miktarının arpa çeşitlerinde en fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Besin elementlerini en az alan tahıl türünün ise tritordeum olduğu görülmüştür. Mineral gübreleme yapılan tahıl türlerinde Cd uygulanması ile Cd alımı artarken, yaprak kompostunun, en az Cd birikimine yol açtığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, özellikle mineral gübrelerin Cd ile kirlenmiş topraklarda, tahıl bitkilerinin yüksek miktarda Cd alımına yol açtığı, yaprak kompostunun, Cd alımını azaltmada etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kadmiyum stresi
• kompost
• tahıllar
• vermikompost
• yarasa gübresi

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