Akarlarda Yayılım Tipleri

Öz

Acari, Arthropoda şubesi Arachnida sınıfına bağlı olup, kene ve akarları içerisinde bulundurmaktadır. Aktif olarak çok uzun mesafeler kat edebilen bir grup olmasa da neredeyse tüm karasal habitatlarda bulunarak ekosistem işlevlerine önemli ölçüde etkileri bulunmaktadır. Akarların çoğu geçici habitatlarda yaşamaktadır. Toprak akarları dışındaki akar popülasyonları, yaşlanan veya tükenen bir kaynaktan yeni bir kaynağa düzenli olarak taşınarak ayrı kolonilerden oluşmaktadır. Akarlar, aktif ve pasif olmak üzere iki şekilde yayılım göstermektedirler. Aktif yayılım yetenekleri morfolojik özellikleri sebebiyle bu canlılar için sınırlıdır. Akarların kanatlarının bulunmaması nedeniyle, aktif yayılım genellikle yürüyerek gerçekleşmekte, bazı familyalar ise ağ örerek kısa mesafelerde hareket edebilmektedir. Pasif yayılım ise su ile yayılım, rüzgârla yayılım ve forezi (phoresy) olarak gerçekleşmektedir. Forezi, uzun mesafelerin kat edilmesine ve uygun habitatlara ulaşılmasına olanak sağladığından, akarlar için kesinlikle en etkili yayılma yöntemlerinden biridir. Sonuç olarak, akarların yayılım tipleri hakkında daha fazla bilgi sahibi olmak, bu küçük canlıları daha iyi tanımamıza yardımcı olacağı gibi, özellikle ekonomik zarar veren türlerle mücadelede yeni stratejilerin geliştirilmesine de katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu derlemede, akarların yayılım mekanizmaları hakkında genel bir bilgi sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acari
• aktif yayılım
• forezi
• pasif yayılım
• eklembacaklılar

Types of Dispersal in Mites

Öz

Acari belong to the class Arachnida of the Arthropoda, which includes ticks and mites. Although they are not a group that can actively travel very long distances, they are present in almost all terrestrial habitats and have a significant impact on ecosystem functioning. Most mites live in temporary habitats. Mite populations other than soil mites are formed from separate colonies, regularly moving from an aging or depleted source to a new source. Mites’ dispersal occurs in two ways: active and passive. Active dispersal ability is limited for these species due to their morphological characteristics. Because mites lack wings, active dispersal is usually on foot, although some families can move over short distances by spinning webs. Passive dispersal is realized by water dispersal, wind dispersal and phoresy. Phoresy is certainly one of the most effective methods of dispersal for mites, as it allows long distances to be covered and suitable habitats to be reached. In conclusion, more information on the dispersal types of mites will not only help us to better recognize these small organisms, but will also contribute to the development of new strategies, especially in the control of economically damaging species. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms of mite dispersal.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acari
• active dispersal
• Arthropoda
• phoresy
• passive dispersal

Kaynakça

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