Prolin ve Stres Toleransındaki Önemi

Öz

Abiyotik stres bitkideki verim kaybının birinci nedenidir ve kültür bitkilerinde verimi % 50’den fazla azaltmaktadır. Bitkiler, abiyotik stres faktörlerinin neden olduğu hasara karşı korunmak amacıyla prolin, glisin betain, prolin betain, gliserol, mannitol ve sorbitol gibi uyumlu osmolitleri biriktirerek tepki gösterirler. Bitkilerde prolin birikiminin, olumsuz koşullar veya stres koşulları altında stres tolerans kapasitenin geliştirilmesinde önemli rol oynadığı ve osmoregülatör bir bileşik olarak görev yaptığı bildirilmiştir. Osmolit işlevinin yanında prolin bitkinin iç kısmında metal şelatörü, antioksidan savunma ve sinyal molekülü gibi üç fonksiyona sahiptir. Kuraklık, tuzluluk ve ağır metal stresi koşullarında bitkilerde prolin birikiminin arttığı çeşitli araştırıcılar tarafından rapor edilmiştir. Bu derlemede, prolinin biyosentezi hakkındaki mevcut literatür bilgileri özetlenmekte, prolinin kuraklık, tuzluluk ve ağır metal stresi gibi abiyotik stres koşullarına toleransa katkı mekanizmaları tartışılmakta ve prolinin genetik mühendislik ve biyoteknoloji alanlarındaki yönetiminin çevresel streslere dayanıklı bitki türlerinin geliştirilmesindeki önemine ilişkin gelecek perspektifleri sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Prolin
• stres toleransı
• kuraklık stresi
• tuzluluk stresi
• ağır metal stresi

Proline and Its Importance in Stress Tolerance

Öz

Abiotic stress is the main cause of yield loss in plants, reducing crop yields by over 50%. To protect against damage caused by abiotic stress factors, plants respond by accumulating compatible osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, proline betaine, glycerol, mannitol, and sorbitol. It has been reported that proline accumulation in plants plays a significant role in the development of stress tolerance capacity under adverse or stressful conditions and acts as an osmoregulatory compound. In addition to its osmolyte function, proline has three roles within the plant: it acts as a metal chelator, an antioxidant defense, and a signaling molecule. Various researchers have reported that proline accumulation increases under conditions of drought, salinity, and heavy metal stress. In this review, the current literature on the biosynthesis of proline is summarized, the mechanisms contributing to proline's tolerance to abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal stress are discussed, and future perspectives on the significance of managing proline in the fields of genetic engineering and biotechnology for the development of plant species resistant to environmental stresses are presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Proline
• stress tolerance
• drought stress
• salinity stress
• heavy metal stress

Kaynakça

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