Tarla Bitkilerinde Kullanılan Akıllı Tarım Teknolojileri

Öz

Bu derlemede, tarla bitkileri üretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılan coğrafi bilgi sistemleri, uzaktan algılama, insansız hava araçları, değişken oranlı uygulama sistemleri, verim izleme teknolojileri, tarımsal robotlar, yapay zekâ, makine öğrenmesi, nesnelerin interneti ve dijital görüntü işleme gibi ileri teknolojiler ele alınmakta ve bu teknolojilerin tarımsal üretim süreçlerine sağladığı katkılar örnek uygulamalar aracılığıyla incelenmektedir. Tarım sektörü, artan küresel nüfus, iklim değişikliği, doğal kaynakların sınırlılığı ve girdi maliyetlerindeki artış gibi çeşitli zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır. Bu bağlamda, üretimin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak ve kaynak kullanımını en verimli şekilde yönetmek amacıyla akıllı tarım teknolojilerinin entegrasyonu kaçınılmaz hâle gelmiştir. Mevcut bulgular, akıllı tarım teknolojilerinin verimliliği artırdığını, üretim maliyetlerini optimize ettiğini, çevresel etkileri ve iş gücüne olan bağımlılığı azalttığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca bu teknolojilerin, tarımsal karar destek sistemlerini güçlendirdiği ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleriyle uyumlu üretim modellerinin geliştirilmesine önemli katkılar sunduğu görülmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, tarla bitkileri yetiştiriciliğinde dijital dönüşümün gerekliliğini ortaya koymakta ve bu teknolojilerin yaygınlaşmasının tarımsal rekabet gücünü artırma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akıllı tarım
• coğrafi bilgi sistemleri
• nesnelerin interneti
• makine öğrenmesi
• yapay zekâ

Smart Agricultural Technologies Used in the Field Crops

Öz

This review discusses advanced technologies widely used in field crop production, including geographic information systems, remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicles, variable rate application systems, yield monitoring technologies, agricultural robots, artificial intelligence, machine learning, the Internet of Things, and digital image processing. It examines the contributions of these technologies to agricultural production processes through practical applications. The agricultural sector faces various challenges such as the growing global population, climate change, limited natural resources, and increasing input costs. In this context, the integration of smart agricultural technologies has become inevitable to ensure the sustainability of production and to manage resource utilization in the most efficient way. Current findings indicate that smart agricultural technologies increase productivity, optimize production costs, and reduce environmental impacts as well as dependency on labor. Furthermore, these technologies strengthen agricultural decision support systems and contribute significantly to the development of production models aligned with sustainable development goals. The findings emphasize the necessity of digital transformation in field crop cultivation and demonstrate that the widespread adoption of these technologies has the potential to enhance agricultural competitiveness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Smart agriculture
• geographic information systems
• internet of things
• machine learning
• artificial intelligence

Kaynakça

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