Breeding Behavior of Diploid Interspecific Hybrid Potatoes

Öz

In order to introducing the germplasm of Solanum commersonii a wild diploid species to the cultivated potato the meiosis and crossability of three interspecific hybrids obtained from the interspecific cross of S. verrucosum as a bridge species with S. commersonii were investigated. For encouraging the flowering hybrid plants were grafted on tomato rootstocks and planted in greenhouse. Male fertility was assessed by pollen stainability and cross ability by using them in cross with S. commersonii and with S. phureja as a cultivated diploid species. One of these three hybrids was fully male sterile with deformed flower and anthers, but the two others had more than 40 percent of viable pollen. However, use of them as male parent in cross with cultivated diploid potato was not successful, while as female parent these hybrids successfully were crossed with diploid cultivated potatoes as well as with its male parent (S. commersonii). The interspecific hybrids displayed rather regular microsporogenesis. Chromosomes pairing in metaphase I was exclusively as bivalent that followed by predominantly regular anaphase. The investigation of pollen tube penetration in some cross revealed that main crossing failure in these hybrids is due to post zygotic barrier. The progeny of these interspecific hybrids with cultivated diploid potatoes had improved tuberization and crossing efficiency with cultivated material.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Solanum verrucosum
• S. commersonii
• microsporogenesis
• germplasm
• cross ability

Kaynakça

1. Barone, A., Sebastiano, A., Carputo, D., 1999. Chromosome pairing in Solanum commersonii-S. tuberosum sexual hybrids detected by commersonii-specific RAPDs and cytological analysis. Genome, 42(2): 218-224.
2. Behling, W.L., Douches, D.S., 2023. The effect of self-compatibility factors on interspecific compatibility in Solanum section petota. Plants, 12(8): 1709.
3. Cifuentes, M., Grandont, L., Graham Moore, G., Anne Marie Chevre, A.M., Jenczewski, E., 2010. Genetic regulation of meiosis in polyploid species: New insights into an old question. New Phytologist, 186(1): 29-36.
4. Ehlenfeldt, M.K., Hanneman Jr, R.E., 1988. Genetic control of endosperm balance number (EBN): Three additive loci in a threshold-like system. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 75: 825-832.
5. Gaiero, P., Mazzella, C., Vilaro, F., Speranza, P., de Jong, H., 2017. Pairing analysis and in situ hybridisation reveal autopolyploid-like behaviour in Solanum commersonii × S. tuberosum (potato) interspecific hybrids. Euphytica, 213: 137.
6. Gopal, J., 2014. Challenges and prospects of endosperm balance number in potato (Solanum tuberosum) improvement. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 84(9): 1027-1034.
7. Hanneman, R.E.Jr., 1999. The reproductive biology of the potato and its implications for breeding. Potato Research, 42: 283-312.
8. Hawkes, J.G., 1992. Biosystematics of the potato. In: P.M. Harris (Ed.), The Potato Crop, Springer Netherlands, pp. 13-64.

9. Hosaka, A.J., Sanetomo, R., Hosaka, K., 2022. A de novo genome assembly of Solanum verrucosum Schlechtendal, a Mexican diploid species geographically isolated from other diploid A-genome species of potato relatives. G3 Genes|Genomes| Genetics, 12(8): jkac166.
10. Jackson, S.A., Hanneman Jr, R.E., 1999. Crossability between cultivated and wild tuber-and non-tuber-bearing Solanums. Euphytica, 109: 51-67.
11. Jansky, S., Hamernik, A., 2009. The introgression of 2x 1EBN Solanum species into the cultivated potato using Solanum verrucosum as a bridge. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 56: 1107-1115.
12. Mascher, M., Jayakodi, M., Stein, N., 2021. The reinvention of potato. Cell Research, 31: 1144-1145.
13. Masuelli, A.W., Camadro, E.L., 1992. Cytological analysis and fertility of Solanum commersonii Dun. Solanum gourlayi Haw. triploid hybrids. Cytologia, 57: 161-166.
14. Masuelli, A.W., Camadro, E.L., Mendiburu, A.O., 1992. 2n gametes in Solanum commersonii and cytological mechanisms of triplandroid formation in triploid hybrids of Solanum commersonii × Solanum gourlayi. Genome, 35(5): 864-869.
15. Nicolao, R., Gaiero, P., Castro, C.M., Heiden, G., 2023. Solanum malmeanum, a promising wild relative for potato breeding. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 1046702.
16. Ortiz, R., Ehlenfeldt, M.K., 1992. The importance of Endosperm Balance Number in potato breeding and the evolution of tuber-bearing Solanum species. Euphytica, 60: 105-113.
17. Ortiz, R., Mihovilovich, E., 2020. Genetics and cytogenetics of the potato. In: H. Campos and O. Ortiz (Eds.), The Potato Crop Its Agricultural, Nutritional and Social Contribution to Humankind, Springer, pp. 2019-2050.
18. Panahandeh, J., 2019. Chromosome pairing in auto-allotetraploid (AAAB) interspecific hybrid potatoes. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 47(1): 11-18.
19. Panahandeh, J., 2023. Use of bridge species and rescue pollination for introducing the wild diploid 1EBN species germplasm to cultivated potatoes. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding, 13(1): 69-78.
20. Tomé, L.G.O., Davide, L.C., Pinto, C.A.B.P., Alves, A.A., Salgado, C.C., 2007. Pollen viability and meiotic analysis of Solanum commersonii ssp. commersonii Dun., Solanum commersonii ssp. malmeanum Bitt. and Solanum tuberosum L. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 7: 387-393.
21. Veilleux, R.E., De Jong, H., 2006. Potato. In: R.J. Singh (Ed.), Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement (Vegetable Crops), Volume 3, CRC Press.
22. Watanabe, K., 2015. Potato genetics, genomics, and applications. Breeding Science, 65: 53-68.
23. Yermishin, A.P., Polyukhovich, Y.V., Voronkova, E.V., Savchuk, A.V., 2014. Production of hybrids between the 2EBN bridge species Solanum verrucosum and 1EBN diploid potato species. American Journal of Potato Research, 91: 610-617.
24. Zhang, C., Yang, Z., Tang, D., Zhu, Y., Wang, P., Li, D., Zhu, G., Xiong, X., Shang, Y., Li, C., Huang, S., 2021. Genome design of hybrid potato. Cell, 184: 3873-3883.