BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2015, , 55 - 62, 31.03.2015

İlknur Yurdakul

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.38451

Öz

The remediation technology for contaminated soils, which represents an economic liability as well as a technical challenge. Recent interest in metal hyper accumulation has been stimulated by the potential for phytoremediation of polluted soils, using metal accumulating plants to clean soils of contaminants. The use of plants to clean up a site is an inexpensive and environmental technique that can be adapted by the people. Phytoremediation technology is formed by 8 systems that are phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, rhizodegradation, rhizofiltration, phytovolatilization, hydraulic control, buffer strips (riparian buffer strips) and vegetative cover systems. This study focused on the phytoremediation that use of plants to remove pollutants from the soil and water and to render them harmless

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soil water pollution phytoremediation

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous, 2014a. BVSDE. Phytotechnologies. A Technical Approach in Environmental Management. Freshwater Management Series. Biblioteca Virtual de Desarrollo Sostenibley Salud Ambiental, No:7, 22-23. http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/aqua/ fito.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 27.02.2014).
  • Anonymous, 2014b. Classical Homeopathy Holistic Healing Info on The Dangers of Vaccines+Prescription Meds. Phyto Remediation-Using Plants to Remove Toxins. Homeo-pathginatyler's Blog. http://homeopathtyler.wordpress.com/2010/06/18/phyto-remediation-using-plants-to-remove-toxins/ (Erişim tarihi: 24.02.2014).
  • Anonymous, 2014c. ITRC. Technology Overview as Part of a Web-Based Technical and Regulatory Guidance Phytotechnologies. Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council. Washington, D.C.: Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Phytotechnologies Team. www.itrcweb.org (Erişim tarihi: 25.02.2014).
  • Badora, A., Flis-Bujak, M., Filipek, T., Ksiezopolska, A., 2008. Influence of natura and artificial humic AIDS an decrease of Zn and Cd toxicity for pea plants. Teka Kom. Ochr. Kszt. Åšrod. Przyr. – OL PAN, 5(A): 5–14.
  • Banks, M. K., Kulakow, P., Schwab, A.P., Chen, Z., Rathbone, K., 2003. Degradation of crude oil in the rhizosphere of sorghum bicolor. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 5: 225-234.
  • Bert, V., Girondelot, B., Quatannens, V.., Laboudigue, A., 2005. A phytostabilisation of a metal polluted dredged sediment deposit–mesocosm experiment and field trial. In: H. Terzi, M. Yıldız (Eds), Ağır metaller ve fitoremediasyon: Fizyolojik ve moleküler mekanizmalar. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11:1-22.
  • Blaylock, M.J., Huang, J.W., 2000. Phytoextraction of metals. In: I. Raskin, B.D. Ensley (Eds), Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: Using Plants to Clean-up the Environment. Wiley, New York, pp. 53-70.
  • Chaney, R.L., Angle, J.S., McIntosh, M.S., Reeves, R.D., Li, Y.M., Brewer, E.P., Chen, K.Y., Roseberg, R.J., Perner, H., Synkowski, E.C., 2005. Using hyperaccumulator plants to phytoextract soil Ni and Cd. Zeitschrift Naturforschung, (60): 190-198.
  • Dushenkov, V., Kapulnik, Y., 2000. Phytofiltration of metals. In: I. Raskin, B.D. Ensley (Eds), Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals-Using Plants to Clean-up the Environment. Wiley, New York, pp. 89-106.
  • Ellis, D.R., Salt, D.E., 2003. Plants Se and Human Health. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 6: 273-279.
  • EPA, 1995. Contaminants and Remedial Options at Select Metals–Contaminated Sites. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/540/R-95/512.
  • EPA, 2000. Introduction to Phytoremediation. National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268 EPA/600/R-99/107.
  • EPA, 2008. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Green Remediation. Incorporating Sustainable Environmental Practices into Remediation of Contaminated Sites. U.S. EPA 542-R-08-002. U.S. EPA. CLU-IN Technology Focus: Phytoremediation.
  • EPA, 2012. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5102G). United States. EPA 542-F-12-016.
  • EPA, 2014. A Citizen's Guide to Phytoremediation. Environmental Protection Agency. http://clu-in.org/products/citguide/phytoz.htm, (Erişim tarihi: 27.02.2014).
  • Ghosh, M., Singh, S.P., 2005. A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of its byproducts. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, (3): 1-18.
  • Goodson, C.C., Parker, D.R., Amrhein, C., Zhang, Y., 2003. Soil selenium uptake and root system development in plant taxa differing in se-accumulating capability. New Phytologist, 159: 391-401.
  • Hansruedi, F., 1997. Field trials for in situ decontamination of heavy metal polluted soils using crop of metal-accumulating plants. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 160: 525-529.
  • Henry, J.R., 2000. An Overview of the Phytoremediation of Lead and Mercury. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Technology Innovation Office. D.C. 51, Washington.
  • Işık, K., 2004. Bitki Biyolojisi. (Ed: C. Özay, R. Mammadov), Ağır metaller ve süs bitkilerinin fitoremediasyonda kullanılabilirliği. BAÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi C, 15(1): 67-76.
  • January, M.C., 2006. Hydroponic phytoremediation of Cd (III), Cr (III), Ni (II), As (V), and Fe (II) by Helianthus Annuus. PhD Thesis, The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron, Mill Street Akron, OH 44325.
  • Komives, T., Gullner, G., 2005. Phase I xenobiotic metabolic systems in plants. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 60: 179-185.
  • Levine, R., 1997. Removal of 137Cs from Soils at Brookhaven National laboratory's Hazardous Waste Management Facility Site, Cornish et al, MSE Technology Applications. DOE-HQ at 301-903-7920/rashalee.
  • Long, X.X., Yang, X.E., Ni, W.Z., 2002. Current status and perspective on phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Journal of Applied Ecology, 13: 757-762.
  • Mcıntyre, T., 2003. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from soils. In: C. Özay, R. Mammadov (Eds), Ağır metaller ve süs bitkilerinin fitoremediasyonda kullanılabilirliği. BAÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi C, 15(1): 67-76.
  • Meagher, R.B., 2000. Phytoremediation of toxic elemental and organic pollutants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 3: 153-162.
  • Meers, E., Ruttens, A., Hopgood, M.J., Samson, D., Tack, F.M., 2005. Comparison of EDTA and EDDS as potential soil amendments for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals. Chemosphere, 58: 1011-1022.
  • Mirsal, I.A., 2004. Soil Pollution: Origin, Monitoring and Remediation. Springer–Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Özay, C., Mammadov, R., 2013. Ağır metaller ve süs bitkilerinin fitoremediasyonda
  • kullanılabilirliği. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi C, 15(1): 67-76.
  • Padmavathiamma, P.K., Loretta, Y.L., 2007. Phytoremediation technology: Hyper-accumulation metals in plants. In: H. Terzi, M. Yıldız (Eds), Ağır metaller ve fitoremediasyon: Fizyolojik ve moleküler mekanizmalar. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11: 1-22.
  • Pivetz, B.E., 2001. Ground Water Issue: Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Ground Water at Hazardous Waste Sites. United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, 540/S-01/500, pp. 36.
  • Pulford, I.D., Watson, C., 2003. Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated land by trees: A review. Environment International, 29: 529-540.
  • Seaward, M.R.D., Richardson, D.H.S., 1990. Atmospheric sources of metal pollution and effects on vegetation. In: A.J. Shaw (Eds), Heavy Metal Tolerance In Plants: Evolutionary Aspects. CRC Press, Florida, pp. 75–92.
  • Stepien, C., Mercik, S., Pikula, D., 2004. Organic matter influence on heavy metals mobility in soil from small field experi. Rocz. Glebozn., LV, 4: 149.
  • SzczygÅ‚owska, M., Piekarska, A., Konieczka, P., Namiesnik, J. 2011. Use of brassica plants in the phytoremediation and biofumigation processes. International Journal of Molecular Science, 12: 7760–7771.
  • Szyczewski, P., Siepak, J., Niedzielski, P., Sobczynski, T., 2009. Research on heavy metals in poland. Polish Journal of Environmental, 18(5): 755-768.
  • UNEP, 2014. Phytoremediation: An Environmentally Sound Technology for Pollution Prevention Control and Redmediation. United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology. Newsletter and Technical Publication Freshwater Management Series, No: 2. http://www.unep.or.jp/Ietc/Publications/Freshwater/FMS2/2.asp (Erişim tarihi: 28.01.2014).
  • Viatcheslav, D., Nanda Kumar, P.B.A., Motto, H., Raskin, I. 1995. Rhizofiltration: The use of plants to remove heavy metals from aqueous streams. Environmental Science & Technology, 29: 1239–1245.
  • Visoottiviseth, P., Francesconi, K., Sridokchan, W. 2002. The potential of thai indigenous plant species for the phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated land. Environmental Pollution. 118: 453–461.
  • Zaier, H., Ghnaya, T., Rejeb, K.B., Lakhdar, A., Rejeb, S., Jemal, F. 2010. Effects of EDTA on phytoextraction of heavy metals (Zn, Mn and Pb) from sludge-amended soil with Brassica Napus. Bioresource Technology, 101: 3978-3983.
  • Zalewski, M., Lotkowska, I.W. 2004. Integrated Watershed Management - Ecohydrology & Phytotechnology–Manuel. Nations Environment Programme International Environmental Technology Centre, 2-110 Ryokuchi Koen, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 538-0036 1091 Oroshimo-cho, Kusatsu-City, Shiga 525-0001, Japan.
  • Zielazinska, M., Wyszkowska, J. 2005. Cd in soil environment. Postepy Nauk Rolniczych, 6: 75.

Kirletilmiş Topraklarda ve Sularda Bitkisel İyileştirme Teknikleri ve Önemi

Yıl 2015, , 55 - 62, 31.03.2015

İlknur Yurdakul

https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.38451

Öz

Kirletilmiş topraklardaki iyileştirme metotları ekonomik aynı zamanda teknik bir mücadeledir. Kirli toprakları metal toplayıcı bitkiler kullanarak iyileştirme metotları fitoremediasyon olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bitki kullanılarak, kirletilmiş alanların temizlenmesi; ucuz, doğaya uygun, halk tarafından benimsenebilir bir tekniktir. Fitoremediasyon teknolojisi bitkisel ekstraksiyon, bitkisel sabitleme, bitkisel bozunma, kök bölgesinde bozunma, kök bölgesinde filtrasyon, bitkiden buharlaştırma, hidrolik kontrol, tampon şeritler ve bitkisel örtü sistemleri olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, toprak ve sulardan kirliliği uzaklaştırmak ve kirlilik zararlarını önlemede bitkinin tercih edildiği bitkisel iyileştirme teknikleri üzerinde durulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toprak su kirlilik fitoremediasyon

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous, 2014a. BVSDE. Phytotechnologies. A Technical Approach in Environmental Management. Freshwater Management Series. Biblioteca Virtual de Desarrollo Sostenibley Salud Ambiental, No:7, 22-23. http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/aqua/ fito.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 27.02.2014).
  • Anonymous, 2014b. Classical Homeopathy Holistic Healing Info on The Dangers of Vaccines+Prescription Meds. Phyto Remediation-Using Plants to Remove Toxins. Homeo-pathginatyler's Blog. http://homeopathtyler.wordpress.com/2010/06/18/phyto-remediation-using-plants-to-remove-toxins/ (Erişim tarihi: 24.02.2014).
  • Anonymous, 2014c. ITRC. Technology Overview as Part of a Web-Based Technical and Regulatory Guidance Phytotechnologies. Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council. Washington, D.C.: Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Phytotechnologies Team. www.itrcweb.org (Erişim tarihi: 25.02.2014).
  • Badora, A., Flis-Bujak, M., Filipek, T., Ksiezopolska, A., 2008. Influence of natura and artificial humic AIDS an decrease of Zn and Cd toxicity for pea plants. Teka Kom. Ochr. Kszt. Åšrod. Przyr. – OL PAN, 5(A): 5–14.
  • Banks, M. K., Kulakow, P., Schwab, A.P., Chen, Z., Rathbone, K., 2003. Degradation of crude oil in the rhizosphere of sorghum bicolor. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 5: 225-234.
  • Bert, V., Girondelot, B., Quatannens, V.., Laboudigue, A., 2005. A phytostabilisation of a metal polluted dredged sediment deposit–mesocosm experiment and field trial. In: H. Terzi, M. Yıldız (Eds), Ağır metaller ve fitoremediasyon: Fizyolojik ve moleküler mekanizmalar. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11:1-22.
  • Blaylock, M.J., Huang, J.W., 2000. Phytoextraction of metals. In: I. Raskin, B.D. Ensley (Eds), Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: Using Plants to Clean-up the Environment. Wiley, New York, pp. 53-70.
  • Chaney, R.L., Angle, J.S., McIntosh, M.S., Reeves, R.D., Li, Y.M., Brewer, E.P., Chen, K.Y., Roseberg, R.J., Perner, H., Synkowski, E.C., 2005. Using hyperaccumulator plants to phytoextract soil Ni and Cd. Zeitschrift Naturforschung, (60): 190-198.
  • Dushenkov, V., Kapulnik, Y., 2000. Phytofiltration of metals. In: I. Raskin, B.D. Ensley (Eds), Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals-Using Plants to Clean-up the Environment. Wiley, New York, pp. 89-106.
  • Ellis, D.R., Salt, D.E., 2003. Plants Se and Human Health. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 6: 273-279.
  • EPA, 1995. Contaminants and Remedial Options at Select Metals–Contaminated Sites. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/540/R-95/512.
  • EPA, 2000. Introduction to Phytoremediation. National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268 EPA/600/R-99/107.
  • EPA, 2008. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Green Remediation. Incorporating Sustainable Environmental Practices into Remediation of Contaminated Sites. U.S. EPA 542-R-08-002. U.S. EPA. CLU-IN Technology Focus: Phytoremediation.
  • EPA, 2012. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5102G). United States. EPA 542-F-12-016.
  • EPA, 2014. A Citizen's Guide to Phytoremediation. Environmental Protection Agency. http://clu-in.org/products/citguide/phytoz.htm, (Erişim tarihi: 27.02.2014).
  • Ghosh, M., Singh, S.P., 2005. A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of its byproducts. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, (3): 1-18.
  • Goodson, C.C., Parker, D.R., Amrhein, C., Zhang, Y., 2003. Soil selenium uptake and root system development in plant taxa differing in se-accumulating capability. New Phytologist, 159: 391-401.
  • Hansruedi, F., 1997. Field trials for in situ decontamination of heavy metal polluted soils using crop of metal-accumulating plants. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 160: 525-529.
  • Henry, J.R., 2000. An Overview of the Phytoremediation of Lead and Mercury. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Technology Innovation Office. D.C. 51, Washington.
  • Işık, K., 2004. Bitki Biyolojisi. (Ed: C. Özay, R. Mammadov), Ağır metaller ve süs bitkilerinin fitoremediasyonda kullanılabilirliği. BAÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi C, 15(1): 67-76.
  • January, M.C., 2006. Hydroponic phytoremediation of Cd (III), Cr (III), Ni (II), As (V), and Fe (II) by Helianthus Annuus. PhD Thesis, The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron, Mill Street Akron, OH 44325.
  • Komives, T., Gullner, G., 2005. Phase I xenobiotic metabolic systems in plants. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 60: 179-185.
  • Levine, R., 1997. Removal of 137Cs from Soils at Brookhaven National laboratory's Hazardous Waste Management Facility Site, Cornish et al, MSE Technology Applications. DOE-HQ at 301-903-7920/rashalee.
  • Long, X.X., Yang, X.E., Ni, W.Z., 2002. Current status and perspective on phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Journal of Applied Ecology, 13: 757-762.
  • Mcıntyre, T., 2003. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from soils. In: C. Özay, R. Mammadov (Eds), Ağır metaller ve süs bitkilerinin fitoremediasyonda kullanılabilirliği. BAÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi C, 15(1): 67-76.
  • Meagher, R.B., 2000. Phytoremediation of toxic elemental and organic pollutants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 3: 153-162.
  • Meers, E., Ruttens, A., Hopgood, M.J., Samson, D., Tack, F.M., 2005. Comparison of EDTA and EDDS as potential soil amendments for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals. Chemosphere, 58: 1011-1022.
  • Mirsal, I.A., 2004. Soil Pollution: Origin, Monitoring and Remediation. Springer–Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Özay, C., Mammadov, R., 2013. Ağır metaller ve süs bitkilerinin fitoremediasyonda
  • kullanılabilirliği. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi C, 15(1): 67-76.
  • Padmavathiamma, P.K., Loretta, Y.L., 2007. Phytoremediation technology: Hyper-accumulation metals in plants. In: H. Terzi, M. Yıldız (Eds), Ağır metaller ve fitoremediasyon: Fizyolojik ve moleküler mekanizmalar. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11: 1-22.
  • Pivetz, B.E., 2001. Ground Water Issue: Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Ground Water at Hazardous Waste Sites. United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, 540/S-01/500, pp. 36.
  • Pulford, I.D., Watson, C., 2003. Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated land by trees: A review. Environment International, 29: 529-540.
  • Seaward, M.R.D., Richardson, D.H.S., 1990. Atmospheric sources of metal pollution and effects on vegetation. In: A.J. Shaw (Eds), Heavy Metal Tolerance In Plants: Evolutionary Aspects. CRC Press, Florida, pp. 75–92.
  • Stepien, C., Mercik, S., Pikula, D., 2004. Organic matter influence on heavy metals mobility in soil from small field experi. Rocz. Glebozn., LV, 4: 149.
  • SzczygÅ‚owska, M., Piekarska, A., Konieczka, P., Namiesnik, J. 2011. Use of brassica plants in the phytoremediation and biofumigation processes. International Journal of Molecular Science, 12: 7760–7771.
  • Szyczewski, P., Siepak, J., Niedzielski, P., Sobczynski, T., 2009. Research on heavy metals in poland. Polish Journal of Environmental, 18(5): 755-768.
  • UNEP, 2014. Phytoremediation: An Environmentally Sound Technology for Pollution Prevention Control and Redmediation. United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology. Newsletter and Technical Publication Freshwater Management Series, No: 2. http://www.unep.or.jp/Ietc/Publications/Freshwater/FMS2/2.asp (Erişim tarihi: 28.01.2014).
  • Viatcheslav, D., Nanda Kumar, P.B.A., Motto, H., Raskin, I. 1995. Rhizofiltration: The use of plants to remove heavy metals from aqueous streams. Environmental Science & Technology, 29: 1239–1245.
  • Visoottiviseth, P., Francesconi, K., Sridokchan, W. 2002. The potential of thai indigenous plant species for the phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated land. Environmental Pollution. 118: 453–461.
  • Zaier, H., Ghnaya, T., Rejeb, K.B., Lakhdar, A., Rejeb, S., Jemal, F. 2010. Effects of EDTA on phytoextraction of heavy metals (Zn, Mn and Pb) from sludge-amended soil with Brassica Napus. Bioresource Technology, 101: 3978-3983.
  • Zalewski, M., Lotkowska, I.W. 2004. Integrated Watershed Management - Ecohydrology & Phytotechnology–Manuel. Nations Environment Programme International Environmental Technology Centre, 2-110 Ryokuchi Koen, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 538-0036 1091 Oroshimo-cho, Kusatsu-City, Shiga 525-0001, Japan.
  • Zielazinska, M., Wyszkowska, J. 2005. Cd in soil environment. Postepy Nauk Rolniczych, 6: 75.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article
Yazarlar

İlknur Yurdakul

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015

Kaynak Göster

APA Yurdakul, İ. (2015). Kirletilmiş Topraklarda ve Sularda Bitkisel İyileştirme Teknikleri ve Önemi. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.38451
AMA Yurdakul İ. Kirletilmiş Topraklarda ve Sularda Bitkisel İyileştirme Teknikleri ve Önemi. TÜTAD. Nisan 2015;2(1):55-62. doi:10.19159/tutad.38451
Chicago Yurdakul, İlknur. “Kirletilmiş Topraklarda Ve Sularda Bitkisel İyileştirme Teknikleri Ve Önemi”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2, sy. 1 (Nisan 2015): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.38451.
EndNote Yurdakul İ (01 Nisan 2015) Kirletilmiş Topraklarda ve Sularda Bitkisel İyileştirme Teknikleri ve Önemi. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2 1 55–62.
IEEE İ. Yurdakul, “Kirletilmiş Topraklarda ve Sularda Bitkisel İyileştirme Teknikleri ve Önemi”, TÜTAD, c. 2, sy. 1, ss. 55–62, 2015, doi: 10.19159/tutad.38451.
ISNAD Yurdakul, İlknur. “Kirletilmiş Topraklarda Ve Sularda Bitkisel İyileştirme Teknikleri Ve Önemi”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2/1 (Nisan 2015), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.38451.
JAMA Yurdakul İ. Kirletilmiş Topraklarda ve Sularda Bitkisel İyileştirme Teknikleri ve Önemi. TÜTAD. 2015;2:55–62.
MLA Yurdakul, İlknur. “Kirletilmiş Topraklarda Ve Sularda Bitkisel İyileştirme Teknikleri Ve Önemi”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 2, sy. 1, 2015, ss. 55-62, doi:10.19159/tutad.38451.
Vancouver Yurdakul İ. Kirletilmiş Topraklarda ve Sularda Bitkisel İyileştirme Teknikleri ve Önemi. TÜTAD. 2015;2(1):55-62.

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