miR482 and Its Isoforms in Plants

Abstract

In plants, miR482 family members are generally 22-nucleotide long, distinguishing from other microRNA (miRNA) families by their extraordinary and diverse sequence structures. Studies showed that miRNA482 is related to NBLRR (Nucleotide binding-site leucine-rich repeat) genes conferring resistance to disease in plants. There are different coded NB-LRR genes which are considered as the part immune response assisting the recognition of pathogens in plant genomes. NB-LRR proteins are mostly related to effector – triggering immune system against pathogens. The main immune receptors in plants are PRR (Pattern recoginition receptor) and R (Resistance) proteins. R proteins code for immune system proteins by NB-LRR activity. miR482, miR1448, slmiR2118 and ath-miR472 are disease resistance related miRNAs. In several studies, miR482 was found to be a homolog of miR1448 and phylogenetic analyses showed that miR1448 is formed by tandem duplication of miR482. While suppression of miR482 results in plant susceptibility to pathogens, miR482 was considered to play role in nodulation and mycorrhizal processes of soya roots. Increasing evidences exhibit that miR482 is critical in disease resistance against pathogen attacks.

Keywords

• miR482 family,NB-LRR,R gene,nodulation

miR482 ve Bitkilerdeki İzoformları

Öz

Bitkilerdeki miR482 aile üyeleri genelde 22 nükleotid uzunluğunda diğer mikroRNA (miRNA) ailelerinden daha değişken ve sıra dışı dizilere sahiptir. Çalışmalar miR482’nin hastalık direnciyle ilişkili nükleotit-bağlayıcı lösince zengin tekrarlı (Nucleotide binding-site leucine-rich repeat, NB-LRR) genlerle ilgili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bitki genomlarında kodlanmış çeşitli NB-LRR’ler birçok patojen tanımayı sağlayan bir çeşit bağışıklık sistemidir. NB-LRR proteinleri normal patojenlere karşı efektör-tetikleme bağışıklıklığı ile ilişkilidir. Bitkide temelden gelen bağışıklık reseptörleri tanılayıcı reseptör yapıları (Pattern recoginition receptor, PRR) ve direnç (Resistance, R) proteinleridir. R genlerinin çoğu NB-LRR etki ile hücrede bağışıklık proteinlerini kodlarlar. miR482, miR1448, slmiR2118 ve ath-miR472 hastalık direnci ile ilişkili miRNA’lardır. Yapılan bazı çalışmalarda ise miR482’nin miR1448 homoloğu olduğu bildirilmiş ve filogenetik analizler miR482’nin tandem duplikasyon ürünü miR1448 olabileceğini göstermektedir. Evrimsel süreçte bu miRNA’lar aynı transkripti hedeflemişlerdir. miR482 izoformlarının baskılanması bitkiyi patojene karşı hassaslaştırırken miR482’nin soyada nodülasyon oluşumunda ve mikorizaların çalışma prensibinde etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Giderek artan kanıtlar miRNA482’nın patojen saldırısında hastalık direnci tepkilerinde kritik roller oynadığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• miR482 ailesi,NB-LRR,R geni,nodülasyon

Kaynakça

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