Bazı Bitki Ekstraktlarının Botrytis cinerea Persoon ve Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Libert) de Bary Üzerindeki Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Humulus lupulus L., Bifora radians B. ve Achillea millefolium L.’dan elde edilen metanol ekstraktlarının Botrytis cinerea Persoon ve Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Libert) de Bary bitki patojenlerine karşı etkinlikleri araştırılmıştır. Denemeler; agar petri yöntemiyle 24±1 °C sıcaklıkta, bitki ekstraktlarının % 0.5, % 1, % 2, % 4, % 8 (w/v)’lik dozları kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Veriler Tukey testi (p<0.05) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Her bir bitki ekstraktı için maksimum antifungal etki % 8’lik dozda elde edilmiştir. A. millefolium ve H. lupulus ekstraktları % 4 ve % 8’lik dozlarda Botrytis cinerea ve S. sclerotiorum’un miselyum gelişimini % 100 inhibisyon oranıyla önlemiştir. Bifora radians ekstraktı % 8’lik dozda Botrytis cinerea ve S. sclerotiorum’un gelişimini % 100 engellemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Botrytis cinerea
• Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
• Humulus lupulus
• Bifora radians
• Achillea millefolium

Determination of the Effectiveness of Some Plant Extracts on Botrytis cinerea Persoon and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Libert) de Bary

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activities of methanol extracts, against the plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea Persoon and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Libert) de Bary, obtained from Humulus lupulus L., Bifora radians B. and Achillea millefolium L. The experiments were carried out by agar plate method at 24±1 °C temperature with using 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8% (w/v) dose of plant extracts. The data were evaluated with Tukey test (p<0.05). The maximum antifungal effect was observed at 8% dose for each plant extract. A. millefolium and H. lupulus extracts prevented the mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea and S. sclerotiorum with 100% inhibition rate at the 4% and 8% dose. Bifora radians extract prevented 100% growth of Botrytis cinerea and S. sclerotiorum at a dose of 8%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Botrytis cinerea
• Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
• Humulus lupulus
• Bifora radians
• Achillea millefolium

Kaynakça

1. Aljancic, I., Vajs, V., Menkovic, N., Karadzic, I., Juranic, N., Milosavljevic, S., 1999. Flavones and sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea atrata subsp. ultifida: Antimicrobial activity. Journal of Natural Products, 62(6): 909-911.
2. Alkan, M., Gökçe, A., 2012. Tanacetum abrotanifolium (L.) Druce (Asteraceae)’un gövde ve çiçek ekstraktlarının Sitophilus granarius ve Sitophilus oryzae (Col., Curculionidae)’ye olan kontakt ve davranışsal etkileri. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 36(3): 377-389.
3. Bairwa, V.K., Godika, S., Sharma, J., Nayak, R.K., Gahlot, N., Choudhary, S., 2020. Management of Sclerotinia rot disease of brinjal (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib.) through indigenous materials under in vitro and in vivo conditions. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(4): 881-885.
4. Bartmańska, A., Wałecka-Zacharska, E., Tronina, T., Popłoński, J., Sordon, S., Brzezowska, E., Bania, J., Huszcza, E., 2018. Antimicrobial properties of spent hops extracts, flavonoids isolated therefrom, and their derivatives. Molecules, 23(8): 2059.
5. Baytop, T., 1999. Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey (Past and Present). Nobel Medical Publishers, İstanbul.
6. Belgüzar, S., Yanar, Y., Çetin, M., Özyiğit, Ç., 2019. Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis ve Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato üzerine antibakteriyel etkisinin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 22(2): 203-209.
7. Bimbiraite, K., Ragazinskiene, O., Maruska, A., Kornysova, O., 2008. Comparison of the chemical composition of four yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) morphotypes. Biologija, 54(3): 208-212.
8. Bocquet, L., Sahpaz, S., Bonneau, N., Beaufay, C., Mahieux, S., Samaillie, J., Roumy, V., Jacquin, J., Bordage, S., Hennebelle, T., Chai, F., Quetin-Leclercq, J., Neut, C., Riviere, C., 2019. Phenolic compounds from Humulus lupulus as natural antimicrobial products: new weapons in the fight against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei strains. Molecules, 24(6): 1024.

9. Bouchra, C., Achouri, M., Idrissi Hassani, L.M., Hmamouchi, M., 2003. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89(1): 165-169.
10. Boyraz, N., Koçak, R., 2006. Bazı bitki ekstraktlarının in vitro antifungal etkileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(38): 82-87.
11. Clarkson, J.P., Phelps, K., Whipps, J.M., Young, C.S., Smith, J.A., Watling, M., 2004. Forecasting Sclerotinia disease on lettuce: toward developing a prediction model for carpogenic germination of sclerotia. Phytopathology, 94(3): 268-279.
12. Deans, S.G., Svoboda, K.P., 1990. The antimicrobial properties of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) volatile oil. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 5(3): 187-190.
13. Demirci, E., 1996. Fungisitlere karşı dayanıklılığın gelişimi ve yönetimi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(4): 576-588.
14. Elad, Y., Williamson, B., Tudzynski, P., Delen, N., 2004. Botrytis: Biology, pathology and control. In: Y. Elad (Ed.), Botrytis spp. and Systems-an Introduction, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Netherland, pp. 1-6.
15. Farr, D.F., Bills, G.F., Chamuris, G.P., Rossman, A.Y., 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. APS Press, USA.
16. Fernando, W.G.D., Nakkeeran, S., Zhang, Y., 2004. Ecofriendly methods in combating Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Recent Research Developments in Environmental Biology, 1: 329-347.
17. Fierascu, I., Ungureanu, C., Avramescu, S.M., Fierascu, R.C., Ortan, A., Soare, L.C., Paunescu, A., 2015. In vitro antioxidant and antifungal properties of Achillea millefolium L. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 20(4): 10626-10636.
18. Fiori, A.C.G., Schwan‐Estrada, K.R.F., Stangarlin, J.R., Vida, J.B., Scapim, C.A., Cruz, M.E.S., Pascholati, S.F., 2000. Antifungal activity of leaf extracts and essential oils of some medicinal plants against Didymella bryoniae. Journal of Phytopathology, 148(7-8): 483-487.
19. Gatto, M.A., Ippolito, A., Linsalata, V., Cascarano, N.A., Nigro, F., Vanadia, S., Di Venere, D., 2011. Activity of extracts from wild edible herbs against postharvest fungal diseases of fruit and vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 61(1): 72-82.
20. Gerbore, J., Benhamou, N, Vallance, J., Floch, G.L., Grizard, D., Regnault-Roger, C., Rey, P., 2014. Biological control of plant pathogens: advantages and limitations seen through the case study of Pythium oligandrum. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21: 4847-4860.
21. Ghorbany, M., Salary, M., 2005. Application of plant products to control some soilborn fungal pathogens. Proceendings of the Fourth World Congress on Allelopathy, August 21-26, Centre for Rural Social Research, Australia, pp. 596.
22. Gholamnezhad, J., 2019. Effect of plant extracts on activity of some defense enzymes of apple fruit in interaction with Botrytis cinerea. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(1): 115-123.
23. Keskin, Ş., Şirin, Y., Çakir, H.E., Keskin, M., 2019. An investigation of Humulus lupulus L.: Phenolic composition, antioxidantcapacity and inhibition properties of clinically important enzymes. South African Journal of Botany, 120: 170-174.
24. Köroğlu, A., Hürkul, M.M., Özbay, Ö., 2012. Antioxidant capacity and total phenol contents of Bifora radians Bieb. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 37(3): 123-127.
25. Li, Y., Shao X., Y., Xu, J., Wei, Y., Xu, F., Wang, H., 2017. Tea tree oil exhibits antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea by affecting mitochondria. Food Chemistry, 234(1): 62-67.
26. Nionelli, L., Pontonio, E., Gobbetti, M., Rizzello, C.G., 2018. Use of hop extract as antifungal ingredient for bread making and selection of autochthonous resistant starters for sourdough fermentation. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 266: 173-182.
27. Özçelik, B., Kusmenoğlu, S., Turkoz, S., Abbasoğlu, U., 2004. Antimicrobial activities of plants from the Apicaceae. Pharmaceutical Biology, 42(7): 526-528.
28. Özyiğit, Ç., Yanar, Y., Yanar, D., Onaran, A., 2018. Ayvada kahverengi çürüklük (Monilinia fructigena Honey in Whetzel) hastalığının propolis etanol ekstraktı ile kontrolü. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(Ek Sayı): 108-113.
29. Pârvu, M., Pârvu, A.E, Vlase, L., Roşca-Casian, O., Pârvu, O., 2011. Antifungal properties of Allium ursinum L. ethanol extract. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(10): 2041-2046.
30. Rivas, Z., Márquez, R., Troncone, F., Sánchez, J., Colina, M., Hernández, P., 2005. Contribución de principales ríos tributarios a la contaminación y eutrofización Del Lago de Maracaibo. Ciencia, 13: 68-77.
31. Smolińska, U., Kowalska, B., 2018. Biological control of the soil-borne fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-a review. Journal of Plant Pathology, 100: 1-12.
32. Sun, Y., Wang, Y., Xie, Z., Guo, E., Han, L., Zhang, X., Feng, J., 2017. Activity and biochemical characteristics of plant extract cuminic acidagainst Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Crop Protection, 101: 76-83.
33. Şesan, T.E., Enache, E., Iacomi, B.M., Oprea, M., Oancea, F., Iacomi, C., 2015. Antifungal activity of some plant extract against Botrytis cinerea Pers. in the blackcurrant crop (Ribes nigrum L.). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, 14(1): 29-43.
34. Taylor, A.W., Barofsky, E., Kennedy, J.A., Deinzer, M.L., 2003. Hop (Humulus lupulus) proanthocyanidins characterized by mass spectrometry, acid catalysis, and gel permeation chromatography. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemıstry, 51(14): 4101-4110.
35. Trumbeckaite, S., Benetis, R., Bumblauskiene, L., Burdulis, D., Janulis, V., Toleikis, A., Viskelis, P., Jakstas, V., 2011. Achillea millefolium L. s.l. herb extract: Antioxidant activity and effect on the rat heart mitochondrial functions. Food Chemistry, 12(4): 1540-1548.
36. Torres, D., Capote, T., 2004. Agroquímicos un problema ambiental global: uso del análisis químico como herramienta para el monitoreo ambiental. Ecosistemas, 13(3): 2-6.
37. Ürgeova, E., Polivka, L., 2009. Secondary metabolites with antibacterial effects from leaves of different hop cultivars during vegetal periods. Nova Biotechnologica, 9(3): 327-332.
38. Vio-Michaelis, S., Apablaza-Hidalgo, G., Gómez, M., Peña-Vera, R., Montenegro, G., 2012. Antifungal activity of three Chilean plant extracts on Botrytis cinerea. Botanical Sciences, 90(2): 179-183.
39. Wahab, M.H.A., Malek, A., Ghobara, M., 2020. Efects of some plant extracts, bioagents, and organic compounds on Botrytis and Sclerotinia Molds. Acta Agrobotanica, 73(2): 1-11.
40. Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Wang, J., Zhou, M., Wang, M., Feng, J., 2019. Antifungal activity and action mechanism of the natural product cinnamic acid against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Disease, 103(5): 944-950.
41. Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Zhang, X., 2017. Sensitivity and biochemical characteristics of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to propamidine. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 135: 82-88.
42. Woods-Panzaru, S., Nelson, D., McCollum, G., Ballard, L.M., Millar, B.C., Maeda, Y., Goldsmith, C.E., Rooney, P.J., Loughrey, A., Rao, J.R., Moore, E.M., 2009. An examination of antibacterial and antifungal properties of constituents described in traditional Ulster cures and remedies. The Ulster Medical Journal, 78(1): 13-15.
43. Yanar, Y., Gökçe, A., Kadıoglu, İ., Çam, H., Whalon, M., 2011. In vitro antifungal evaluation of various plant extracts against early blight disease (Alternaria solani) of potato. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(42): 8291-8295.
44. Yılar, M., Bayar, Y., Onaran, A., 2020. Bazı bitki patojeni funguslara karşı Humulus lupulus L. bitki ekstraktının antifungal aktivitesi. Bahçe, 49(Özel Sayı 1): 113-118.
45. Zanoli, P., Zavatti, M., 2008. Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of Humulus lupulus L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 116(3): 383-396.
46. Zhang, F., Ge, H., Zhang, F., Guo, N., Wang, Y., Chen, L., Ji, X., Li, C., 2016. Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolate T-aloe against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 100: 64-74.