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The Sublethal Effects of Pesticides on Insects

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 116 - 124, 28.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.774385

Öz

Determination of the effects of insecticides on insects is usually done by considering account the mortality rates. This includes only a part of studies that show how insect populations will be affected by insecticides. However, recent studies have concluded that the effect of insecticides on insects can be revealed more clearly by determining the sublethal effects. The sublethal effects of insecticides on insects can be on the development, physiology and behaviour of insects. In this review, the sublethal effects of insecticides with different mechanisms of action on different insect species are discussed.

Kaynakça

  • Arno, J., Gabarra, R., 2011. Side effects of selected insecticides on the Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) predators Macrolophus pygmaeus and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae). Journal of Pest Science, 84(4): 513-520.
  • Cira, T.M., Burkness, E.C., Koch, R.L., Hutchison, W.D., 2017. Halyomorpha halys mortality and sublethal feeding effects following insecticide exposure. Journal of Pest Science, 90(4): 1257-1268.
  • Cônsoli, F.L., Parra, J.R.P., Hassan, S.A., 1998. Side-effects of insecticides used in tomato fields on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hym., Trichogrammatidae), a natural enemy of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep., Gelechiidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 122(1-5): 43-47.
  • De França, S.M., Breda, M.O., Barbosa, D.R.S., Araujo, A.M.N., Guedes, C.A., 2017. The sublethal effects of insecticides in insects. In: V.D.C. Shields (Ed.), Biological Control of Pest and Vector Insects, IntechOpen, London, pp. 23-39.
  • Delpuech, J.M., Meyet, J., 2003. Reduction in the sex ratio of the progeny of a parasitoid wasp (Trichogramma brassicae) surviving the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 45(2): 203-208.
  • Delpuech, J.M., Tekinel-Ozalp, P., 1991. Epigenetic influences of insecticide on host parasitoid relations. Redia, 74(3, Appendix): 417-424.
  • Delpuech, J.M., Frey, F., Carton, Y., 1996. Action of insecticides on the cellular immune reaction of Drosophila melanogaster against the parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal, 15(12): 2267-2271.
  • Desneux, N., Decourtye, A., Delpuech, J.M., 2007. The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Review Entomology, 52: 81-106.
  • Dewer, Y., Pottier, M.A., Lalouette, L., Maria, A., Dacher, M., Belzunces, L.P., Kairo, G., Renault, D., Maibeche, M., Siaussat, D., 2016. Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(4): 3086-3096.
  • Dong, J., Wang, K., Li, Y., Wang, S., 2017. Lethal and sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 136: 58-63.
  • Edward George, P., Ambrose, D.P., 2004. Impact of insecticides on the haemogram of Rhynocoris kumarii Ambrose and Livingstone (Hem., Reduviidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 128(9-10): 600-604.
  • Fontes, J., Roja, I.S., Tavares, J., Oliveira, L., 2018. Lethal and sublethal effects of various pesticides on Trichogramma achaeae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 111(3): 1219-1226.
  • Haseeb, M., Amano, H., 2002. Effects of contact, oral and persistent toxicity of selected pesticides on Cotesia plutellae (Hym., Braconidae), a potential parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lep., Plutellidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 126(1): 8-13.
  • Haynes, K.F., 1988. Sublethal effects of neurotoxic insecticides on insect behavior. Annual Review of Entomology, 33(1): 149-168.
  • Jiang, J., Wang, Y., Mu, W., Zhang, Z., 2020. Sublethal effects of anthranilic diamide insecticides on the demographic fitness and consumption rates of the Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Aphis craccivora. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(4): 4178-4189.
  • Krespi, L., Rabasse, J., Dedryver, C., Nenon, J., 1991. Effect of three insecticides on the life cycle of Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luz. (Hym., Aphidiidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 111(1-5): 113-119.
  • Lambin, M., Armengaud, C., Raymond, S., Gauthier, M., 2001. Imidacloprid‐induced facilitation of the proboscis extension reflex habituation in the honeybee. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology: Published in Collaboration with the Entomological Society of America, 48(3): 129-134.
  • Lee, C.Y., 2000. Sublethal effects of insecticides on longevity, fecundity and behaviour of insect pests: a review. Journal of Biosciences, 11(1): 107-112.
  • Liang, P.Z., Ma, K.S., Chen, X.W., Tang, C.Y., Xia, J., Chi, H., Gao, X.W., 2019. Toxicity and sublethal effects of flupyradifurone, a novel butenolide insecticide, on the development and fecundity of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 112(2): 852-858.
  • Liu, T.X., Chen, T.Y., 2001. Effects of the insect growth regulator fenoxycarb on immature Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Florida Entomologist, 84(4): 628-633.
  • Longley, M., Jepson, P.C., 1996. The influence of insecticide residues on primary parasitoid and hyperparasitoid foraging behaviour in the laboratory. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 81(3): 259-269.
  • Mahmoudvand, M., Abbasipour, H., Garjan, A.S., Bandani, A.R., 2012. Decrease in pupation and adult emergence of Plutella xylostella (L.) treated with hexaflumuron. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72(2): 206-211.
  • Meng, X., Zhang, N., Yang, X., Miao, L., Jiang, H., Ji, C., Xu, B., Qian, K., Wang, J., 2020. Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on molting hormone levels and mRNA expressions of three Halloween genes in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. Chemosphere, 238: 124676.
  • Olszak, R., Pawlik, B., Zajac, R., 1994. The influence of some insect growth regulators on mortality and fecundity of the aphidophagous coccinellids Adalia bipunctata L. and Coccinella septempunctata L.(Col., Coccinellidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 117(1-5): 58-63.
  • Paive, A.C.R., Beloti, V.G., Yamamoto, P.T., 2018. Sublethal effects of insecticides used in soybean on the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum. Ecotoxicology, 27(4): 448-456.
  • Passos, L.C., Soares, M.A., Collares, L.J., Malagoli, I., Desneux, Carvalho, G.A., 2018. Lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of insecticides on Macrolophus basicornis, predator of Tuta absoluta. Entomologia Generalis, 38(2): 127-143.
  • Pérez-Aguilar, D.A., Soares, M.A., Passos, L.C., Martínez, A.M., Pineda, S., Carvalho, G.A., 2018. Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on Engytatus varians (Heteroptera: Miridae), a predator of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Ecotoxicology, 27(6): 719-728.
  • Rosenheim, J.A., Hoy, M.A., 1988. Sublethal effects of pesticides on the parasitoid Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 81(2): 476-483.
  • Rumpf, S., Frampton, C., Dietrich, D.R., 1998. Effects of conventional insecticides and insect growth regulators on fecundity and other life-table parameters of Micromus tasmaniae (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 91(1): 34-40.
  • Rumpf, S., Hetzel, F., Frampton, C., 1997. Lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae and Chrysopidae) and integrated pest management: enzyme activity as biomarker of sublethal insecticide exposure. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(1): 102-108.
  • Schneider, M., Smagghe, G., Pineda, S., Vinuela, E., 2004. Action of insect growth regulator insecticides and spinosad on life history parameters and absorption in third-instar larvae of the endoparasitoid Hyposoter didymator. Biological Control, 31(2): 189-198.
  • Stapel, J., Cortesero, A., Lewis, W., 2000. Disruptive sublethal effects of insecticides on biological control: altered foraging ability and life span of a parasitoid after feeding on extrafloral nectar of cotton treated with systemic insecticides. Biological Control, 17(3): 243-249.
  • Storch, G., Loeck, A., Borba, R., Magano, D., Moraes, C., Grutzmacher, C., 2007. The effect of sub‐lethal doses of insecticides on artificial diet and caterpillars of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Revista Brasileira de Agrociência, 13(2): 175-179.
  • Tengfei, L., Yao, W., Lixia, Z., Yongyu, X., Zhengqun, Z., Wei, M., 2019. Sublethal effects of four insecticides on the seven spotted lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 112(5): 2177-2185.
  • Von Frisch, K., 1967. The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Wang, R., Zhang, W., Che, W., Qu, C., Li, F., Desneux, N., Luo, C., 2017. Lethal and sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) MED. Crop Protection, 91: 108-113.
  • Wanumen, A.C., Sanchez-Ramos, I., Vinuela, E., Medina, P., Adan, A., 2016. Impact of feeding on contaminated prey on the life parameters of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) Adults. Journal of Insect Science, 16 (1): 103.
  • Wiles, J.A., Jepson, P.C., 1994. Sub‐lethal effects of deltamethrin residues on the within‐crop behaviour and distribution of Coccinella septempunctata. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 72(1): 33-45.
  • Xu, C., Zhang, Z., Cui, K., Zhao, Y., Han, J., Liu, F., Mu, W., 2016. Effects of sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole on the development, fecundity and nutritional physiology of the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Plos One, 11(6): e0156555.
  • Yu, H., Xiang, X., Yuan, G., Chen, Y., Wang, X., 2015. Effects of sublethal doses of cyantraniliprole on the growth and development and the activities of detoxifying enzymes in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 58(6): 634-641.
  • Zanuncio, T.V., Serrão, J.E., Zanuncio, J.C., Guedes, R.N.C., 2003. Permethrin-induced hormesis on the predator Supputius cincticeps (Stål, 1860) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Crop Protection, 22(7): 941-947.

İnsektisitlerin Böcekler Üzerindeki Subletal Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 116 - 124, 28.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.774385

Öz

İnsektisitlerin böcekler üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi genellikle ölüm oranları dikkate alınarak yapılmaktadır. Bu ise böcek popülasyonlarının insektisitlerden nasıl etkileneceğini ortaya koyan çalışmaların sadece bir bölümünü içermektedir. Bununla birlikte son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar ile insektisitlerin böceklere etkisinin daha net ortaya konabilmesinin subletal etkilerinin belirlenmesi ile mümkün olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. İnsektisitlerin böceklere subletal etkileri, böceklerin gelişimleri, fizyolojileri ve davranışları üzerine olabilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, farklı etki mekanizmalarına sahip insektisitlerin, farklı böcek türlerine olan subletal etkileri ele alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Arno, J., Gabarra, R., 2011. Side effects of selected insecticides on the Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) predators Macrolophus pygmaeus and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae). Journal of Pest Science, 84(4): 513-520.
  • Cira, T.M., Burkness, E.C., Koch, R.L., Hutchison, W.D., 2017. Halyomorpha halys mortality and sublethal feeding effects following insecticide exposure. Journal of Pest Science, 90(4): 1257-1268.
  • Cônsoli, F.L., Parra, J.R.P., Hassan, S.A., 1998. Side-effects of insecticides used in tomato fields on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hym., Trichogrammatidae), a natural enemy of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep., Gelechiidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 122(1-5): 43-47.
  • De França, S.M., Breda, M.O., Barbosa, D.R.S., Araujo, A.M.N., Guedes, C.A., 2017. The sublethal effects of insecticides in insects. In: V.D.C. Shields (Ed.), Biological Control of Pest and Vector Insects, IntechOpen, London, pp. 23-39.
  • Delpuech, J.M., Meyet, J., 2003. Reduction in the sex ratio of the progeny of a parasitoid wasp (Trichogramma brassicae) surviving the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 45(2): 203-208.
  • Delpuech, J.M., Tekinel-Ozalp, P., 1991. Epigenetic influences of insecticide on host parasitoid relations. Redia, 74(3, Appendix): 417-424.
  • Delpuech, J.M., Frey, F., Carton, Y., 1996. Action of insecticides on the cellular immune reaction of Drosophila melanogaster against the parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal, 15(12): 2267-2271.
  • Desneux, N., Decourtye, A., Delpuech, J.M., 2007. The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Review Entomology, 52: 81-106.
  • Dewer, Y., Pottier, M.A., Lalouette, L., Maria, A., Dacher, M., Belzunces, L.P., Kairo, G., Renault, D., Maibeche, M., Siaussat, D., 2016. Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(4): 3086-3096.
  • Dong, J., Wang, K., Li, Y., Wang, S., 2017. Lethal and sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 136: 58-63.
  • Edward George, P., Ambrose, D.P., 2004. Impact of insecticides on the haemogram of Rhynocoris kumarii Ambrose and Livingstone (Hem., Reduviidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 128(9-10): 600-604.
  • Fontes, J., Roja, I.S., Tavares, J., Oliveira, L., 2018. Lethal and sublethal effects of various pesticides on Trichogramma achaeae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 111(3): 1219-1226.
  • Haseeb, M., Amano, H., 2002. Effects of contact, oral and persistent toxicity of selected pesticides on Cotesia plutellae (Hym., Braconidae), a potential parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lep., Plutellidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 126(1): 8-13.
  • Haynes, K.F., 1988. Sublethal effects of neurotoxic insecticides on insect behavior. Annual Review of Entomology, 33(1): 149-168.
  • Jiang, J., Wang, Y., Mu, W., Zhang, Z., 2020. Sublethal effects of anthranilic diamide insecticides on the demographic fitness and consumption rates of the Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Aphis craccivora. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(4): 4178-4189.
  • Krespi, L., Rabasse, J., Dedryver, C., Nenon, J., 1991. Effect of three insecticides on the life cycle of Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luz. (Hym., Aphidiidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 111(1-5): 113-119.
  • Lambin, M., Armengaud, C., Raymond, S., Gauthier, M., 2001. Imidacloprid‐induced facilitation of the proboscis extension reflex habituation in the honeybee. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology: Published in Collaboration with the Entomological Society of America, 48(3): 129-134.
  • Lee, C.Y., 2000. Sublethal effects of insecticides on longevity, fecundity and behaviour of insect pests: a review. Journal of Biosciences, 11(1): 107-112.
  • Liang, P.Z., Ma, K.S., Chen, X.W., Tang, C.Y., Xia, J., Chi, H., Gao, X.W., 2019. Toxicity and sublethal effects of flupyradifurone, a novel butenolide insecticide, on the development and fecundity of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 112(2): 852-858.
  • Liu, T.X., Chen, T.Y., 2001. Effects of the insect growth regulator fenoxycarb on immature Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Florida Entomologist, 84(4): 628-633.
  • Longley, M., Jepson, P.C., 1996. The influence of insecticide residues on primary parasitoid and hyperparasitoid foraging behaviour in the laboratory. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 81(3): 259-269.
  • Mahmoudvand, M., Abbasipour, H., Garjan, A.S., Bandani, A.R., 2012. Decrease in pupation and adult emergence of Plutella xylostella (L.) treated with hexaflumuron. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72(2): 206-211.
  • Meng, X., Zhang, N., Yang, X., Miao, L., Jiang, H., Ji, C., Xu, B., Qian, K., Wang, J., 2020. Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on molting hormone levels and mRNA expressions of three Halloween genes in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. Chemosphere, 238: 124676.
  • Olszak, R., Pawlik, B., Zajac, R., 1994. The influence of some insect growth regulators on mortality and fecundity of the aphidophagous coccinellids Adalia bipunctata L. and Coccinella septempunctata L.(Col., Coccinellidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 117(1-5): 58-63.
  • Paive, A.C.R., Beloti, V.G., Yamamoto, P.T., 2018. Sublethal effects of insecticides used in soybean on the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum. Ecotoxicology, 27(4): 448-456.
  • Passos, L.C., Soares, M.A., Collares, L.J., Malagoli, I., Desneux, Carvalho, G.A., 2018. Lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of insecticides on Macrolophus basicornis, predator of Tuta absoluta. Entomologia Generalis, 38(2): 127-143.
  • Pérez-Aguilar, D.A., Soares, M.A., Passos, L.C., Martínez, A.M., Pineda, S., Carvalho, G.A., 2018. Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on Engytatus varians (Heteroptera: Miridae), a predator of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Ecotoxicology, 27(6): 719-728.
  • Rosenheim, J.A., Hoy, M.A., 1988. Sublethal effects of pesticides on the parasitoid Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 81(2): 476-483.
  • Rumpf, S., Frampton, C., Dietrich, D.R., 1998. Effects of conventional insecticides and insect growth regulators on fecundity and other life-table parameters of Micromus tasmaniae (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 91(1): 34-40.
  • Rumpf, S., Hetzel, F., Frampton, C., 1997. Lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae and Chrysopidae) and integrated pest management: enzyme activity as biomarker of sublethal insecticide exposure. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(1): 102-108.
  • Schneider, M., Smagghe, G., Pineda, S., Vinuela, E., 2004. Action of insect growth regulator insecticides and spinosad on life history parameters and absorption in third-instar larvae of the endoparasitoid Hyposoter didymator. Biological Control, 31(2): 189-198.
  • Stapel, J., Cortesero, A., Lewis, W., 2000. Disruptive sublethal effects of insecticides on biological control: altered foraging ability and life span of a parasitoid after feeding on extrafloral nectar of cotton treated with systemic insecticides. Biological Control, 17(3): 243-249.
  • Storch, G., Loeck, A., Borba, R., Magano, D., Moraes, C., Grutzmacher, C., 2007. The effect of sub‐lethal doses of insecticides on artificial diet and caterpillars of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Revista Brasileira de Agrociência, 13(2): 175-179.
  • Tengfei, L., Yao, W., Lixia, Z., Yongyu, X., Zhengqun, Z., Wei, M., 2019. Sublethal effects of four insecticides on the seven spotted lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 112(5): 2177-2185.
  • Von Frisch, K., 1967. The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Wang, R., Zhang, W., Che, W., Qu, C., Li, F., Desneux, N., Luo, C., 2017. Lethal and sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) MED. Crop Protection, 91: 108-113.
  • Wanumen, A.C., Sanchez-Ramos, I., Vinuela, E., Medina, P., Adan, A., 2016. Impact of feeding on contaminated prey on the life parameters of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) Adults. Journal of Insect Science, 16 (1): 103.
  • Wiles, J.A., Jepson, P.C., 1994. Sub‐lethal effects of deltamethrin residues on the within‐crop behaviour and distribution of Coccinella septempunctata. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 72(1): 33-45.
  • Xu, C., Zhang, Z., Cui, K., Zhao, Y., Han, J., Liu, F., Mu, W., 2016. Effects of sublethal concentrations of cyantraniliprole on the development, fecundity and nutritional physiology of the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Plos One, 11(6): e0156555.
  • Yu, H., Xiang, X., Yuan, G., Chen, Y., Wang, X., 2015. Effects of sublethal doses of cyantraniliprole on the growth and development and the activities of detoxifying enzymes in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 58(6): 634-641.
  • Zanuncio, T.V., Serrão, J.E., Zanuncio, J.C., Guedes, R.N.C., 2003. Permethrin-induced hormesis on the predator Supputius cincticeps (Stål, 1860) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Crop Protection, 22(7): 941-947.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme / Review
Yazarlar

Saliha Selma Şahin 0000-0002-1458-5252

Mehmet Keçeci 0000-0001-8589-8152

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Şahin, S. S., & Keçeci, M. (2021). İnsektisitlerin Böcekler Üzerindeki Subletal Etkileri. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.774385
AMA Şahin SS, Keçeci M. İnsektisitlerin Böcekler Üzerindeki Subletal Etkileri. TÜTAD. Şubat 2021;8(1):116-124. doi:10.19159/tutad.774385
Chicago Şahin, Saliha Selma, ve Mehmet Keçeci. “İnsektisitlerin Böcekler Üzerindeki Subletal Etkileri”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Şubat 2021): 116-24. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.774385.
EndNote Şahin SS, Keçeci M (01 Şubat 2021) İnsektisitlerin Böcekler Üzerindeki Subletal Etkileri. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8 1 116–124.
IEEE S. S. Şahin ve M. Keçeci, “İnsektisitlerin Böcekler Üzerindeki Subletal Etkileri”, TÜTAD, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 116–124, 2021, doi: 10.19159/tutad.774385.
ISNAD Şahin, Saliha Selma - Keçeci, Mehmet. “İnsektisitlerin Böcekler Üzerindeki Subletal Etkileri”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8/1 (Şubat 2021), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.774385.
JAMA Şahin SS, Keçeci M. İnsektisitlerin Böcekler Üzerindeki Subletal Etkileri. TÜTAD. 2021;8:116–124.
MLA Şahin, Saliha Selma ve Mehmet Keçeci. “İnsektisitlerin Böcekler Üzerindeki Subletal Etkileri”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 116-24, doi:10.19159/tutad.774385.
Vancouver Şahin SS, Keçeci M. İnsektisitlerin Böcekler Üzerindeki Subletal Etkileri. TÜTAD. 2021;8(1):116-24.

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