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Effect of Biogas Solid Waste on Mineral Content of Barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 276 - 286, 09.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1513766

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to determine the mineral contents and changes in barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon) grain treated with different doses of biogas solid waste. The study was conducted for two years with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. In the study, biogas solid waste was applied at doses of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 tons ha-1 and the macro (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium) and microelement (iron, manganese, zinc and copper) contents of the barley grains obtained were determined. Macro and microelement contents of barley grain increased with the increase in biogas solid waste application in both experimental years. It was determined that 40 tons ha-1 dose of biogas solid waste application was the most effective application on macro and micro nutrient contents of barley grain. Compared to the control treatment, 40 tons ha-1 biogas waste application increased the macroelement contents by 3.02% (maximum increase N, 7.87%) and microelement contents by 9.97% (maximum increase Cu, 22.84%). As a result, 40 tons ha-1 biogas waste application enriched the macro and micronutrient content of barley grain and biogas waste application can be used to increase the nutrient composition of barley grain, which has important areas of use in human and animal nutrition.

Kaynakça

  • Adu, M.O., Asare. P.A., Asare-Bediako. E., Amenorpe, G., Ackah, F.K., Afutu, E., Yawson, D.O., 2018. Characterising shoot and root system trait variability and contribution to genotypic variability in juvenile cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plants. Heliyon, 4(6): 1-28.
  • Akdeniz, V., Kınık, Ö., Yerlikaya, O., Akan, E., 2016. Importance of zinc in human health and nutrition physiology. Academic Food Journal, 14(3): 307-314. (In Turkish).
  • Alaboz, P., Dengiz, O., Demir, S., 2021. Barley yield estimation performed by ANN integrated with the soil quality index modified by biogas waste application. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 108(3): 217-226.
  • Alkan, F.R., Kandemir, N., 2015. Variations in some food, feed and agricultural characteristics of purelines selected from Tokak barley landrace. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute, 24(2): 124-139. (In Turkish).
  • Altuntaş, F.R., 2012. Variations in some food, feed and agricultural characteristics of purelines selected from Tokak barley landrace. Master Thesis, Gaziosmanpaşa University Institute of Science and Technology, Tokat, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Anderson, M.K., Reinbergs, E., Rasmusson, D.C., 1985. Barley breeding. American Society of Agronomy, 26: 231-268.
  • Anonymous, 2023. FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home), (Accessed Date: 23.05.2024).
  • Anonymous, 2024a. Biogas Investment Development Association. (https://biyogazder.org/), (Accessed Date: 30.06.2024). (In Turkish).
  • Anonymous, 2024b. R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, (https://www.R-project.org/>), (Accessed Date: 03.06.2024).
  • Bolat, İ., Kara, Ö., 2017. Plant nutrients: Sources, functions, deficiencies and redundancy. Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, 19(1): 218-228. (In Turkish).
  • Carr, P.M., Horsley, R.D., Poland, W.W., 2004. Barley, oat, and cereal-pea mixtures as dryland forages in the northern great plains. Agronomy Journal, 96(3): 677-684.
  • Chen, R., Blagodatskaya, E., Senbayram, M., Blagodatsky, S., Myachina, O., Dittert, K., Kuzyakov, Y., 2012. Decomposition of biogas residues in soil and their effects on microbial growth kinetics and enzyme activities. Biomass and Bioenergy, 45: 221-229.
  • Ciolek, A., Makarska, E., Wesolowski, M., Cierpiala, R., 2012. Content of selected nutrients in wheat, barley and oat grain from organic and conventional farming. Journal of Elementology, 17(2): 181-189.
  • Czembor, J.H., 2023. Barley genetic resources: Advancing conservation and applications for breeding. Agronomy, 13(12): 2901.
  • Demir, E., Sönmez, S., 2019. Comparison of plant nutrient content of some barley landraces (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Mediterranean and Aegean Regio. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 32(Special Issue): 15-23. (In Turkish).
  • Demirel, M., Erekul, O., 2020. The effect of different doses of solid biogas wastes on total phenol content and antioxidant activity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(Special Issue): 87-94. (In Turkish).
  • Dunteman, G.H., 1989. Principal Components Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage University Paper, California, United Stated of America.
  • Erbaş Köse, Ö.D., Mut, Z., 2019. Determination of different origin barley cultivars in terms of grain yield and some quality traits. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34(2): 184-194. (In Turkish).
  • Eyüpoğlu, F., 1999. Fertility Status of Türkiye Soils. Republic of Türkiye Prime Ministry General Directorate of Rural Services, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute Publications, General Publication No: 220, Technical Publication No: T-67, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Ferdous, Z., Ullah, H., Datta, A., Attia, A., Rakshit, A., Molla, S.H., 2020. Application of biogas slurry in combination with chemical fertilizer enhances grain yield and profitability of maize (Zea mays L.). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(19): 2501-2510.
  • Gardiner, D.T., Miller, R.W., 2008. Soils in Our Environment. 11th Edition, Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle Hill, New Jersey, USA.
  • Ghafoor, K., Al-Juhaimi, F., Ozcan, M.M., Jahurul, M.H.A., 2015. Some nutritional characteristics and mineral contents in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds cultivated under salt stress. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 7(3): 363-368.
  • Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C., 1998. Multivariate Data Analysis. Prentice-Hall International, New Jersey.
  • Jākobsone, I., Kantāne, I., Zute, S., Jansone, I., Bartkevičs, V., 2015. Macro-elements and trace elements in cereal grains cultivated in Latvia. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B, Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences (The Journal of Latvian Academy of Sciences), 69(4): 152-157.
  • Kacar, B., İnal, A., 2008. Plant Analysis. Nobel Pres, No: 1241, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Kandemir, N., Tuzen, M., Sarı, H., Mendil, D., 2005. An increase of the mineral contents of barley grain by genotype, planting time and seed size. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 17(1): 481-489.
  • Kantarcı, M.D., 2000. Soil Science. IU Department of Soil Science and Ecology, IU Publication No. 4261, Faculty of Forestry Publication No. 462, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Kara, E., Sürmen, M., Erdoğan, H., 2019. The effects of solid biogas residue applications on forage yield and quality in sorghum and Sorghum x Sudanense hybrid plants. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Sciences, 5(2): 355-361.
  • Karaman, R., Türkay, C., 2022. Effect of biogas waste applications on agronomic and some quality traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 59(4): 633-643. (In Turkish).
  • Korkmaz, Y., Aykanat, S., Çil, A., 2012. Biogas and energy production from organic wastes. Sakarya University Journal of Science and Letters, 14(1): 489-497. (In Turkish).
  • Kumar, A., Verma, R.P.S., Singh, A., Sharma, H.K., Devi, G., 2020. Barley landraces: Ecological heritage for edaphic stress adaptations and sustainable production. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 6: 100035.
  • Lin, Z., Chang, X., Wang, D., Zhao, G., Zhao, B., 2015. Long-term fertilization effects on processing quality of wheat grain in the North China Plain. Field Crops Research, 174: 55-60.
  • Lopedota, O., Leogrande, R., Fiore, A., Debiase, G., Montemurro, F., 2013. Yield and soil responses of melon grown with different organic fertilizers. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36(3): 415-428.
  • Lukinac, J., Jukić, M., 2022. Barley in the production of cereal-based products. Plants, 11(24): 3519.
  • McCauley, A., Jones, C., Jacobsen, J., 2009. Nutrient Management. Module No. 8, Montana State University Extension Publication, Montana, United State of America.
  • Mohammadi, S.A., Prasanna, B.M., 2003. Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants-Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science, 43(4): 1235-1248.
  • Odlare, M., Arthurson, V., Pell, M., Svensson, K., Nehrenheim, E., Abubaker, J., 2011. Land application of organic waste-Effects on the soil ecosystem. Applied Energy, 88(6): 2210-2218.
  • Oso, A.A., Ashafa, A.O., 2021. Nutritional composition of grain and seed proteins. In: J.C. Jimenez-Lopez (Ed.), Grain and Seed Proteins Functionality, London, United Kingdom, pp. 31-48.
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., Sağlam, M., 2013. Evaluation of potential nutritional problems and fertility status of the alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown soils of Artvin province. Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 14(2): 225-238. (In Turkish).
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Özyazıcı, G., 2019. Investigation of the residual effects of the urban qualified stabilized sewage sludge treatment in crop rotation system of the Bafra plain: I. Yield and some agricultural characteristics of plants. ZEUGMA II. International Congress on Multidisciplinary Studies, January 18-20, Vol. 2, Gaziantep, Türkiye, pp. 881-890. (In Turkish).
  • Ragaee, S., El-Sayed, M., Abdel-Aal, S.A., Noaman, M., 2006. Antioxidant activity and nutrient composition of selected cereals for food use. Food Chemistry, 98(1): 32-38.
  • Różyło, K., Gawlik‐Dziki, U., Świeca, M., Różyło, R., Pałys, E., 2016. Winter wheat fertilized with biogas residue and mining waste: Yielding and the quality of grain. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(10): 3454-3461.
  • Sharma, R.K., Pavel, M., Leen, T.K., 1998. Multistream video fusion using local principal components analysis. Proceedings SPIE 3436, Infrared Technology and Applications XXIV, 26 October, San Diego, CA, United States, pp. 717-725.
  • Staugaitis, G., Narutytė, I., Arbačauskas, J., Vaišvila, Z., Rainys, K., Mažeika, R., Šumskis, D., 2016. The influence of composts on yield and chemical elements of winter wheat and spring barley. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 103(4): 355-362.
  • Stewart, A., Nield, H., John, N., 1988. An investigation of mineral content of barley grains and seedlings. Plant Physiology, 86(1): 93-97.
  • Villacres, E., Rivadeneira, M., 2005. Barley in ecuador: Production, grain quality for consumption and perspectives for improvement. In: S. Grandoand and H.G. Macpherson (Eds.), Food Barley Importance Use Sand Local Knowledge, Proceedings International Workshop on Food Barley Improvement, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, pp. 127-137.

Effect of Biogas Solid Waste on Mineral Content of Barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 276 - 286, 09.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1513766

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to determine the mineral contents and changes in barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon) grain treated with different doses of biogas solid waste. The study was conducted for two years with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. In the study, biogas solid waste was applied at doses of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 tons ha-1 and the macro (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium) and microelement (iron, manganese, zinc and copper) contents of the barley grains obtained were determined. Macro and microelement contents of barley grain increased with the increase in biogas solid waste application in both experimental years. It was determined that 40 tons ha-1 dose of biogas solid waste application was the most effective application on macro and micro nutrient contents of barley grain. Compared to the control treatment, 40 tons ha-1 biogas waste application increased the macroelement contents by 3.02% (maximum increase N, 7.87%) and microelement contents by 9.97% (maximum increase Cu, 22.84%). As a result, 40 tons ha-1 biogas waste application enriched the macro and micronutrient content of barley grain and biogas waste application can be used to increase the nutrient composition of barley grain, which has important areas of use in human and animal nutrition.

Kaynakça

  • Adu, M.O., Asare. P.A., Asare-Bediako. E., Amenorpe, G., Ackah, F.K., Afutu, E., Yawson, D.O., 2018. Characterising shoot and root system trait variability and contribution to genotypic variability in juvenile cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plants. Heliyon, 4(6): 1-28.
  • Akdeniz, V., Kınık, Ö., Yerlikaya, O., Akan, E., 2016. Importance of zinc in human health and nutrition physiology. Academic Food Journal, 14(3): 307-314. (In Turkish).
  • Alaboz, P., Dengiz, O., Demir, S., 2021. Barley yield estimation performed by ANN integrated with the soil quality index modified by biogas waste application. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 108(3): 217-226.
  • Alkan, F.R., Kandemir, N., 2015. Variations in some food, feed and agricultural characteristics of purelines selected from Tokak barley landrace. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute, 24(2): 124-139. (In Turkish).
  • Altuntaş, F.R., 2012. Variations in some food, feed and agricultural characteristics of purelines selected from Tokak barley landrace. Master Thesis, Gaziosmanpaşa University Institute of Science and Technology, Tokat, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Anderson, M.K., Reinbergs, E., Rasmusson, D.C., 1985. Barley breeding. American Society of Agronomy, 26: 231-268.
  • Anonymous, 2023. FAOSTAT Statistical Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home), (Accessed Date: 23.05.2024).
  • Anonymous, 2024a. Biogas Investment Development Association. (https://biyogazder.org/), (Accessed Date: 30.06.2024). (In Turkish).
  • Anonymous, 2024b. R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, (https://www.R-project.org/>), (Accessed Date: 03.06.2024).
  • Bolat, İ., Kara, Ö., 2017. Plant nutrients: Sources, functions, deficiencies and redundancy. Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, 19(1): 218-228. (In Turkish).
  • Carr, P.M., Horsley, R.D., Poland, W.W., 2004. Barley, oat, and cereal-pea mixtures as dryland forages in the northern great plains. Agronomy Journal, 96(3): 677-684.
  • Chen, R., Blagodatskaya, E., Senbayram, M., Blagodatsky, S., Myachina, O., Dittert, K., Kuzyakov, Y., 2012. Decomposition of biogas residues in soil and their effects on microbial growth kinetics and enzyme activities. Biomass and Bioenergy, 45: 221-229.
  • Ciolek, A., Makarska, E., Wesolowski, M., Cierpiala, R., 2012. Content of selected nutrients in wheat, barley and oat grain from organic and conventional farming. Journal of Elementology, 17(2): 181-189.
  • Czembor, J.H., 2023. Barley genetic resources: Advancing conservation and applications for breeding. Agronomy, 13(12): 2901.
  • Demir, E., Sönmez, S., 2019. Comparison of plant nutrient content of some barley landraces (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Mediterranean and Aegean Regio. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 32(Special Issue): 15-23. (In Turkish).
  • Demirel, M., Erekul, O., 2020. The effect of different doses of solid biogas wastes on total phenol content and antioxidant activity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(Special Issue): 87-94. (In Turkish).
  • Dunteman, G.H., 1989. Principal Components Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage University Paper, California, United Stated of America.
  • Erbaş Köse, Ö.D., Mut, Z., 2019. Determination of different origin barley cultivars in terms of grain yield and some quality traits. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34(2): 184-194. (In Turkish).
  • Eyüpoğlu, F., 1999. Fertility Status of Türkiye Soils. Republic of Türkiye Prime Ministry General Directorate of Rural Services, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute Publications, General Publication No: 220, Technical Publication No: T-67, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Ferdous, Z., Ullah, H., Datta, A., Attia, A., Rakshit, A., Molla, S.H., 2020. Application of biogas slurry in combination with chemical fertilizer enhances grain yield and profitability of maize (Zea mays L.). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(19): 2501-2510.
  • Gardiner, D.T., Miller, R.W., 2008. Soils in Our Environment. 11th Edition, Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle Hill, New Jersey, USA.
  • Ghafoor, K., Al-Juhaimi, F., Ozcan, M.M., Jahurul, M.H.A., 2015. Some nutritional characteristics and mineral contents in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds cultivated under salt stress. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 7(3): 363-368.
  • Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., Black, W.C., 1998. Multivariate Data Analysis. Prentice-Hall International, New Jersey.
  • Jākobsone, I., Kantāne, I., Zute, S., Jansone, I., Bartkevičs, V., 2015. Macro-elements and trace elements in cereal grains cultivated in Latvia. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B, Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences (The Journal of Latvian Academy of Sciences), 69(4): 152-157.
  • Kacar, B., İnal, A., 2008. Plant Analysis. Nobel Pres, No: 1241, Ankara, Türkiye. (In Turkish).
  • Kandemir, N., Tuzen, M., Sarı, H., Mendil, D., 2005. An increase of the mineral contents of barley grain by genotype, planting time and seed size. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 17(1): 481-489.
  • Kantarcı, M.D., 2000. Soil Science. IU Department of Soil Science and Ecology, IU Publication No. 4261, Faculty of Forestry Publication No. 462, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Kara, E., Sürmen, M., Erdoğan, H., 2019. The effects of solid biogas residue applications on forage yield and quality in sorghum and Sorghum x Sudanense hybrid plants. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Sciences, 5(2): 355-361.
  • Karaman, R., Türkay, C., 2022. Effect of biogas waste applications on agronomic and some quality traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 59(4): 633-643. (In Turkish).
  • Korkmaz, Y., Aykanat, S., Çil, A., 2012. Biogas and energy production from organic wastes. Sakarya University Journal of Science and Letters, 14(1): 489-497. (In Turkish).
  • Kumar, A., Verma, R.P.S., Singh, A., Sharma, H.K., Devi, G., 2020. Barley landraces: Ecological heritage for edaphic stress adaptations and sustainable production. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 6: 100035.
  • Lin, Z., Chang, X., Wang, D., Zhao, G., Zhao, B., 2015. Long-term fertilization effects on processing quality of wheat grain in the North China Plain. Field Crops Research, 174: 55-60.
  • Lopedota, O., Leogrande, R., Fiore, A., Debiase, G., Montemurro, F., 2013. Yield and soil responses of melon grown with different organic fertilizers. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36(3): 415-428.
  • Lukinac, J., Jukić, M., 2022. Barley in the production of cereal-based products. Plants, 11(24): 3519.
  • McCauley, A., Jones, C., Jacobsen, J., 2009. Nutrient Management. Module No. 8, Montana State University Extension Publication, Montana, United State of America.
  • Mohammadi, S.A., Prasanna, B.M., 2003. Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants-Salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Science, 43(4): 1235-1248.
  • Odlare, M., Arthurson, V., Pell, M., Svensson, K., Nehrenheim, E., Abubaker, J., 2011. Land application of organic waste-Effects on the soil ecosystem. Applied Energy, 88(6): 2210-2218.
  • Oso, A.A., Ashafa, A.O., 2021. Nutritional composition of grain and seed proteins. In: J.C. Jimenez-Lopez (Ed.), Grain and Seed Proteins Functionality, London, United Kingdom, pp. 31-48.
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., Sağlam, M., 2013. Evaluation of potential nutritional problems and fertility status of the alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown soils of Artvin province. Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 14(2): 225-238. (In Turkish).
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Özyazıcı, G., 2019. Investigation of the residual effects of the urban qualified stabilized sewage sludge treatment in crop rotation system of the Bafra plain: I. Yield and some agricultural characteristics of plants. ZEUGMA II. International Congress on Multidisciplinary Studies, January 18-20, Vol. 2, Gaziantep, Türkiye, pp. 881-890. (In Turkish).
  • Ragaee, S., El-Sayed, M., Abdel-Aal, S.A., Noaman, M., 2006. Antioxidant activity and nutrient composition of selected cereals for food use. Food Chemistry, 98(1): 32-38.
  • Różyło, K., Gawlik‐Dziki, U., Świeca, M., Różyło, R., Pałys, E., 2016. Winter wheat fertilized with biogas residue and mining waste: Yielding and the quality of grain. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(10): 3454-3461.
  • Sharma, R.K., Pavel, M., Leen, T.K., 1998. Multistream video fusion using local principal components analysis. Proceedings SPIE 3436, Infrared Technology and Applications XXIV, 26 October, San Diego, CA, United States, pp. 717-725.
  • Staugaitis, G., Narutytė, I., Arbačauskas, J., Vaišvila, Z., Rainys, K., Mažeika, R., Šumskis, D., 2016. The influence of composts on yield and chemical elements of winter wheat and spring barley. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 103(4): 355-362.
  • Stewart, A., Nield, H., John, N., 1988. An investigation of mineral content of barley grains and seedlings. Plant Physiology, 86(1): 93-97.
  • Villacres, E., Rivadeneira, M., 2005. Barley in ecuador: Production, grain quality for consumption and perspectives for improvement. In: S. Grandoand and H.G. Macpherson (Eds.), Food Barley Importance Use Sand Local Knowledge, Proceedings International Workshop on Food Barley Improvement, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, pp. 127-137.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gübreler ve Uygulaması, Tahıllar ve Yemeklik Tane Baklagiller
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article
Yazarlar

Cengiz Türkay 0000-0003-3857-0140

Ruziye Karaman 0000-0001-5088-8253

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 24 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Türkay, C., & Karaman, R. (2024). Effect of Biogas Solid Waste on Mineral Content of Barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon). Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(3), 276-286. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1513766
AMA Türkay C, Karaman R. Effect of Biogas Solid Waste on Mineral Content of Barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon). TÜTAD. Aralık 2024;11(3):276-286. doi:10.19159/tutad.1513766
Chicago Türkay, Cengiz, ve Ruziye Karaman. “Effect of Biogas Solid Waste on Mineral Content of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare Conv. Distichon)”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11, sy. 3 (Aralık 2024): 276-86. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1513766.
EndNote Türkay C, Karaman R (01 Aralık 2024) Effect of Biogas Solid Waste on Mineral Content of Barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon). Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11 3 276–286.
IEEE C. Türkay ve R. Karaman, “Effect of Biogas Solid Waste on Mineral Content of Barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon)”, TÜTAD, c. 11, sy. 3, ss. 276–286, 2024, doi: 10.19159/tutad.1513766.
ISNAD Türkay, Cengiz - Karaman, Ruziye. “Effect of Biogas Solid Waste on Mineral Content of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare Conv. Distichon)”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11/3 (Aralık 2024), 276-286. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.1513766.
JAMA Türkay C, Karaman R. Effect of Biogas Solid Waste on Mineral Content of Barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon). TÜTAD. 2024;11:276–286.
MLA Türkay, Cengiz ve Ruziye Karaman. “Effect of Biogas Solid Waste on Mineral Content of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare Conv. Distichon)”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 3, 2024, ss. 276-8, doi:10.19159/tutad.1513766.
Vancouver Türkay C, Karaman R. Effect of Biogas Solid Waste on Mineral Content of Barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon). TÜTAD. 2024;11(3):276-8.

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