Research Article

Study of geothermal manifestations based on land surface temperature and fault fracture density analysis in the Mount Slamet Area, Central Java

Volume: 8 July 3, 2026
  • Agus Setyawan *
  • Bima Wicaksono Mujianto
  • Ahmad Ali Muckharom
  • Muhammad Helmi
  • Jatmiko Endro Suseno
  • Rina Dwi Indriana
  • Tony Yulianto

Study of geothermal manifestations based on land surface temperature and fault fracture density analysis in the Mount Slamet Area, Central Java

Abstract

Remote sensing has been increasingly applied to geothermal reconnaissance due to its cost-effectiveness and regional coverage; however, its effectiveness in detecting surface geothermal manifestations in densely vegetated volcanic environments remains uncertain. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the capabilities and limitations of Landsat-8–derived Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Fault Fracture Density (FFD) analyses for identifying geothermal manifestations in the Mount Slamet geothermal system in Central Java. LST was derived from Landsat-8 thermal infrared data, while permeable zones were delineated using FFD analysis based on Digital Terrain Model (DTM)–derived lineaments. The LST analysis identified 33 surface hot spots with temperatures ranging from 30.6–34.0 °C, primarily associated with open land, urban areas, and the summit crater, but none coincided with known geothermal manifestations. In contrast, FFD analysis delineated five very high-permeability zones with FFD values ranging from 1.413 to 2.309 km/km2, predominantly on the western flank of Mount Slamet. Of the eight mapped geothermal manifestations, seven occur within very high FFD zones and one within a medium-permeability zone, indicating a strong structural control on manifestation occurrence. The absence of geothermal anomalies in the LST results highlights the limitations of medium-resolution thermal data in vegetated and high-relief volcanic terrains, where pixel mixing, vegetation cover, and elevation effects obscure geothermal thermal signals. Nevertheless, the combined LST–FFD approach remains a meaningful screening tool, distinguishing non-geothermal thermal anomalies and emphasizing structural permeability as a more reliable indicator of the distribution of geothermal manifestations. This study demonstrates that FFD analysis provides more robust insights than LST alone for preliminary geothermal assessment in tropical volcanic settings.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Geospatial Information Systems and Geospatial Data Modelling, Remote Sensing , Physical Geography and Environmental Geology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Bima Wicaksono Mujianto This is me
0009-0006-9533-8881
Indonesia

Ahmad Ali Muckharom This is me
0009-0007-5719-1791
Indonesia

Muhammad Helmi This is me
0000-0002-5270-8612
Indonesia

Jatmiko Endro Suseno This is me
0000-0003-2218-2995
Indonesia

Rina Dwi Indriana This is me
0000-0001-8100-5345
Indonesia

Tony Yulianto This is me
0000-0002-8399-9520
Indonesia

Publication Date

July 3, 2026

Submission Date

October 13, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8

APA
Setyawan, A., Mujianto, B. W., Muckharom, A. A., Helmi, M., Suseno, J. E., Indriana, R. D., & Yulianto, T. (2026). Study of geothermal manifestations based on land surface temperature and fault fracture density analysis in the Mount Slamet Area, Central Java. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing, 8. https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1766937
AMA
1.Setyawan A, Mujianto BW, Muckharom AA, et al. Study of geothermal manifestations based on land surface temperature and fault fracture density analysis in the Mount Slamet Area, Central Java. TJRS. 2026;8. doi:10.51489/tuzal.1766937
Chicago
Setyawan, Agus, Bima Wicaksono Mujianto, Ahmad Ali Muckharom, et al. 2026. “Study of Geothermal Manifestations Based on Land Surface Temperature and Fault Fracture Density Analysis in the Mount Slamet Area, Central Java”. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing 8 (July). https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1766937.
EndNote
Setyawan A, Mujianto BW, Muckharom AA, Helmi M, Suseno JE, Indriana RD, Yulianto T (July 1, 2026) Study of geothermal manifestations based on land surface temperature and fault fracture density analysis in the Mount Slamet Area, Central Java. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing 8
IEEE
[1]A. Setyawan et al., “Study of geothermal manifestations based on land surface temperature and fault fracture density analysis in the Mount Slamet Area, Central Java”, TJRS, vol. 8, July 2026, doi: 10.51489/tuzal.1766937.
ISNAD
Setyawan, Agus - Mujianto, Bima Wicaksono - Muckharom, Ahmad Ali - Helmi, Muhammad - Suseno, Jatmiko Endro - Indriana, Rina Dwi - Yulianto, Tony. “Study of Geothermal Manifestations Based on Land Surface Temperature and Fault Fracture Density Analysis in the Mount Slamet Area, Central Java”. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing 8 (July 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1766937.
JAMA
1.Setyawan A, Mujianto BW, Muckharom AA, Helmi M, Suseno JE, Indriana RD, Yulianto T. Study of geothermal manifestations based on land surface temperature and fault fracture density analysis in the Mount Slamet Area, Central Java. TJRS. 2026;8. doi:10.51489/tuzal.1766937.
MLA
Setyawan, Agus, et al. “Study of Geothermal Manifestations Based on Land Surface Temperature and Fault Fracture Density Analysis in the Mount Slamet Area, Central Java”. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 8, July 2026, doi:10.51489/tuzal.1766937.
Vancouver
1.Agus Setyawan, Bima Wicaksono Mujianto, Ahmad Ali Muckharom, Muhammad Helmi, Jatmiko Endro Suseno, Rina Dwi Indriana, Tony Yulianto. Study of geothermal manifestations based on land surface temperature and fault fracture density analysis in the Mount Slamet Area, Central Java. TJRS. 2026 Jul. 1;8. doi:10.51489/tuzal.1766937

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