Research Article

Operational pixel-wise active-fire detection over central Kalimantan from Himawari-8 Band-7 with FIRMS-aligned supervision

Volume: 8 July 3, 2026

Operational pixel-wise active-fire detection over central Kalimantan from Himawari-8 Band-7 with FIRMS-aligned supervision

Abstract

Geostationary satellites enable near-real-time wildfire monitoring, yet rigorous multi-month evaluations at tropical sites remain scarce. We develop and assess an end-to-end, pixel-wise active-fire detector for Central Kalimantan using Himawari-8 Band-7 (≈3.9 µm) imagery at 10-minute cadence, with supervision from NASA FIRMS (MODIS C6.1; VIIRS C2). Polar detections are temporally aligned within ±5 minutes of AHI timestamps and rasterized to a fixed 256×256 grid with a light 3×3 dilation to accommodate geolocation tolerance. The dataset spans August–October 2019 and is split with time-aware partitions. We benchmark a baseline U-Net against an Attention U-Net that gates skip connections to suppress background clutter while emphasizing thermally active regions. On the pixel-wise test set (75 timestamps), the best operating point—selected once on validation and transferred to test—yields ROC-AUC = 0.9223, PR-AUC = 0.3601, and F1 = 0.4090, improving upon the conventional τ = 0.5 setting (F1 = 0.3289) by re-balancing precision–recall under class imbalance. Head-to-head, the Attention U-Net attains higher average precision than U-Net (0.360 vs 0.324) with marginal ROC differences, indicating better retrieval of small or fragmented hotspots without inflating false alarms. Beyond the model, we contribute a reproducible dataset-construction pipeline and a transparent evaluation protocol emphasizing operational realism for geostationary fire surveillance in Indonesia.

Keywords

References

  1. Chen, J. (2023). An adapted hourly Himawari-8 fire product for China: Principle, methodology and verification. Earth System Science Data, 15(5), 1911–1931. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1911-2023
  2. Devineau, J.-L., Fournier, A., & Nignan, S. (2010). Savanna fire regimes assessment with MODIS fire data: Their relationship to land cover and plant species distribution in Western Burkina Faso (West Africa). Journal of Arid Environments, 74(9), 1092–1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.03.009
  3. Duhayyim, M. A., Eltahir, M. M., Ali, O. A. O., Albraikan, A. A., Al‐Wesabi, F. N., Hilal, A. M., Hamza, M. A., & Rizwanullah, M. (2023). Fusion-based deep learning model for automated forest fire detection. Computers Materials & Continua, 77(1), 1355–1371. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.024198
  4. Faheem, M., Ranjan, A., & Singh, V. P. (2024). Revolutionizing forest fire and smoke detection: A cutting-edge ensemble of deep learning models for enhanced accuracy. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5133149/v1
  5. Freeborn, P. H., Jolly, W. M., Cochrane, M. A., & Roberts, G. (2022). Large wildfire driven increases in nighttime fire activity observed across CONUS from 2003–2020. Remote Sensing of Environment, 268, 112777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112777
  6. Fu, Y., Li, R., Wang, X., Bergeron, Y., Valeria, O., Chavardès, R. D., Wang, Y., & Hu, J. (2020). Fire detection and fire radiative power in forests and low-biomass lands in Northeast Asia: MODIS versus VIIRS Fire Products. Remote Sensing, 12(18), 2870. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12182870
  7. Giglio, L., Schroeder, W., & Justice, C. O. (2016). The collection 6 MODIS active fire detection algorithm and fire products. Remote Sensing of Environment, 178, 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.02.054
  8. Guan, Z., Min, F., He, W., Fang, W., & Lü, T. (2022). Forest fire detection via feature entropy guided neural network. Entropy, 24(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/e24010128

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Image Processing, Artificial Intelligence (Other), Remote Sensing , Earth and Space Science Informatics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Andi Muhammad Islah This is me
0009-0003-6957-6470
Indonesia

Baharuddin Baharuddin This is me
0009-0002-3954-5924
Indonesia

Publication Date

July 3, 2026

Submission Date

November 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 22, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8

APA
Islah, A. M., Patombongi, A., Cakra, C., & Baharuddin, B. (2026). Operational pixel-wise active-fire detection over central Kalimantan from Himawari-8 Band-7 with FIRMS-aligned supervision. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing, 8. https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1820780
AMA
1.Islah AM, Patombongi A, Cakra C, Baharuddin B. Operational pixel-wise active-fire detection over central Kalimantan from Himawari-8 Band-7 with FIRMS-aligned supervision. TJRS. 2026;8. doi:10.51489/tuzal.1820780
Chicago
Islah, Andi Muhammad, Andi Patombongi, Cakra Cakra, and Baharuddin Baharuddin. 2026. “Operational Pixel-Wise Active-Fire Detection over Central Kalimantan from Himawari-8 Band-7 With FIRMS-Aligned Supervision”. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing 8 (July). https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1820780.
EndNote
Islah AM, Patombongi A, Cakra C, Baharuddin B (July 1, 2026) Operational pixel-wise active-fire detection over central Kalimantan from Himawari-8 Band-7 with FIRMS-aligned supervision. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing 8
IEEE
[1]A. M. Islah, A. Patombongi, C. Cakra, and B. Baharuddin, “Operational pixel-wise active-fire detection over central Kalimantan from Himawari-8 Band-7 with FIRMS-aligned supervision”, TJRS, vol. 8, July 2026, doi: 10.51489/tuzal.1820780.
ISNAD
Islah, Andi Muhammad - Patombongi, Andi - Cakra, Cakra - Baharuddin, Baharuddin. “Operational Pixel-Wise Active-Fire Detection over Central Kalimantan from Himawari-8 Band-7 With FIRMS-Aligned Supervision”. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing 8 (July 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1820780.
JAMA
1.Islah AM, Patombongi A, Cakra C, Baharuddin B. Operational pixel-wise active-fire detection over central Kalimantan from Himawari-8 Band-7 with FIRMS-aligned supervision. TJRS. 2026;8. doi:10.51489/tuzal.1820780.
MLA
Islah, Andi Muhammad, et al. “Operational Pixel-Wise Active-Fire Detection over Central Kalimantan from Himawari-8 Band-7 With FIRMS-Aligned Supervision”. Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 8, July 2026, doi:10.51489/tuzal.1820780.
Vancouver
1.Andi Muhammad Islah, Andi Patombongi, Cakra Cakra, Baharuddin Baharuddin. Operational pixel-wise active-fire detection over central Kalimantan from Himawari-8 Band-7 with FIRMS-aligned supervision. TJRS. 2026 Jul. 1;8. doi:10.51489/tuzal.1820780

 SCImago Journal & Country Rank             Flag Counter