Sürdürülebilirlik Kavramı, Farklı Tonları ve İslami Sürdürülebilirlik

Öz

Sürdürülebilirlik, genellikle 1987'deki Brundtland Raporu ile şekillenen ve Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı (UNDP) tarafından vurgulanan çevresel, sosyal ve yönetişim (ESG) odaklı bir anlayış çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Ancak bu ortodoks yaklaşımın ötesinde, sürdürülebilirliği farklı perspektiflerden değerlendiren alternatif paradigmalar mevcuttur. Bu makale, derin ekoloji, sosyal ekoloji ve eko-feminizm, post-kalkınma teorileri, yeşil kapitalizm, küçülme (degrowth) ve İslami sürdürülebilirlik gibi yaklaşımları incelemektedir. Her bir paradigma, sürdürülebilirliği tanımlama ve uygulama biçimlerinde, ortodoks yaklaşımdan az ya da çok ayrılarak, doğa ve toplumla ilişkimizi yeniden düşünmeyi önerir. Derin ekoloji, doğanın özerk değerini vurgularken; sosyal ekoloji ve eko-feminizm, çevre sorunlarını toplumsal hiyerarşilerin bir yansıması olarak ele alır. Post-kalkınma teorileri, kalkınma söyleminin Batı merkezli doğasını sorgular ve küçülme paradigması ise ekonomik büyümenin sürdürülebilirlikle çeliştiğini savunur. Yeşil kapitalizm, piyasa mekanizmalarını kullanarak sürdürülebilirliği sağlama iddiasında bulunurken, eleştiriler sistemin sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerini zayıflattığını öne sürer. İslami sürdürülebilirlik ise dini ve kültürel değerleri merkeze alarak alternatif bir çerçeve sunar. Bu makale, bu yaklaşımları karşılaştırarak sürdürülebilirlik tartışmalarına zengin bir perspektif kazandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Konunun sadece UNDNP perspektifi ile ele alınması tıpkı dünya ekonomisinin ortodoks yaklaşımla bugün girdiği çıkmazın benzerini oluşturma riskini düşünerek alternatiflere açık bir sürdürülebilirlik çerçevesi planlanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Derin Ekoloji
• Sosyal Ekoloji
• Post-Kalkınma
• Yeşil Kapitalizm
• Küçülme
• İslami Sürdürülebilirlik
• Brundtland Raporu
• ESG

Sustainability Concept, Its Different Tones, and Islamic Sustainability

Öz

Sustainability is often framed within the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) framework shaped by the 1987 Brundtland Report and emphasized by United Nations Development Program (UNDP). However, beyond this orthodox approach, alternative paradigms provide distinct or somewhat similar perspectives on sustainability. This article explores approaches like deep ecology, social ecology and ecofeminism, post-development theories, green capitalism, degrowth, and Islamic sustainability. Each paradigm fundamentally diverges from the mainstream definition and application of sustainability, inviting a reevaluation of our relationship with nature and society. Deep ecology emphasizes the intrinsic value of nature, while social ecology and ecofeminism view environmental issues as reflections of social hierarchies. Post-development theories critique the Western-centric nature of development discourse, and the degrowth paradigm argues that economic growth conflicts with sustainability. Green capitalism proposes sustainability through market mechanisms, though critics suggest this weakens sustainability goals. Islamic sustainability offers an alternative by centering religious and cultural values. This article aims to enrich sustainability discourse by comparing these approaches and providing a broader perspective. The subject should not be approached solely from the UNDNP perspective; instead, a sustainability framework open to alternatives must be planned, considering the risk of creating a deadlock similar to the one the global economy faces today due to the orthodox approach.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainability
• Deep Ecology
• Social Ecology
• Post-Development
• Green Capitalism
• Degrowth
• Islamic Sustainability
• Brundtland Report
• ESG
• Alternative Paradigms

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