Ege Bölgesi Bağlarında Sultaniye Çekirdeksiz Üzüm Çeşidinde Kullanılan Bazı Fungisitlere Alternaria spp'i İzolatlarının duyarlılığı

Öz

Bu çalışmada, salkım çürüklüğüne neden olan patojenlerden biri olan Alternaria türlerinin morfolojik ve moleküler olarak tanımlanması ve in vitro olarak bazı fungisitlere karşı etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ege bölgesinde Manisa ilindeki, Sultani Çekirdeksiz bağlarının 2009 ve 2010 yıllarında hemen her gelişme döneminde yaprak, çiçek, gövde ve sürgünlerinden elde edilen izolatlar morfolojik ve moleküler yöntemlere göre Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Moleküler tanıda ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) gen bölgesi real-time PCR ile amplifiye edilmiş ve 570 bp uzunluğunda nükleotid dizisi elde edilerek, NCBI Gen bankasında kayıt altına alınmıştır. ITS dizileri Mega X yazılımı kullanılarak hizalanmış ve bir filogenetik ağaç çizilmiştir. İzolatların cyprodinil+fludioxanil, mancozeb, pyrimethanil, kresoxim-methyl+boscalid, azoxystrobin ve temel bakır sülfata karşı duyarlılık düzeyleri laboratuvar koşullarında test edilmiştir. Altı fungisitin farklı konsantrasyonlarda (0.01-100 µg ml-1 ve 3-3000 µg ml-1) 24 A. alternata izolatına karşı in vitro antifungal etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. EC50 değerine göre 23 izolatın 0.01-0.1 µg ml-1 aralığında olması ile cyprodinil+fludioxanil en etkili fungisit olarak kaydedilmiştir. BAC 1/2 ve GMK 2/1 izolatları sırasıyla %100 ve %86,67 değerleri ile en yüksek virülans değerine sahip bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alternaria alternata
• asma
• duyarlılık
• fungisitler
• Real-time PCR
• Sultani

Sensitivity of Alternaria spp. Isolates to Some Fungicides Used on Sultani Çekirdeksiz Grapes in Aegean Region Vineyards

Öz

This study aimed to identify Alternaria species morphologically and molecularly, that is one of the important pathogens causing cluster rot, and determine their reactions to some fungicides in in vitro. The fungal isolates obtained from leaves, flowers, stems, and shoots in almost every development period of the Sultani Çekirdeksiz vineyards in 2009 and 2010 from Manisa province in the Aegean region were identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler according to morphological and molecular methods. In molecular studies, the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) gene region was amplified by real-time PCR and the nucleotide sequences of 570 bp long isolates were stored in the NCBI GenBank database. ITS sequences were aligned using the Mega X software, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Sensitivity levels of isolates to cyprodinil+fludioxanil, mancozeb, pyrimethanil, kresoxim-methyl+boscalid, azoxystrobin, and basic copper sulfate were tested under laboratory conditions. In vitro antifungal effect of different concentrations (0.01-100 µg ml-1 and 3-3000 µg ml-1) of six fungicides against 24 A. alternata isolates were evaluated. Cyprodinil+fludioxanil was recorded as the most effective fungicide that, according to ED50 value, 23 isolates were in the range of 0.01-0.1 µg ml-1. BAC 1/2 and GMK 2/1 isolates were found to have the highest virulence with values of 100% and 86.67%, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alternaria alternata
• fungicides
• grapevine
• Real-time PCR
• sensitivity
• Sultani Çekirdeksiz

Teşekkür

This study is the Ege University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences PhD Thesis Project. The authors would like to thank Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, and TOPAR laboratory.

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