Fosfor Uygulamalarının Şeker Kestane (Castanea sativa Mill.) Meyve Verimine ve Bazı Kalite Özelliklerine Etkisi

Öz

Fosfor, bitkilerin beslenmesi ve metabolik aktivitelerini sürdürmek için önemli bir bitki besin maddesidir. Kestane, dünyadaki ve ülkemizdeki çiftçiler için kazanç getiren bir bitki olmasına rağmen, gübreleme ile ilgili veriler oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, İnegöl (Bursa) yöresinde Sarıaşılama çeşidi (şeker tipi) kestane bahçelerinde iki yıl boyunca fosfor uygulamalarının meyve verimi ve kalitesi üzerindeki etkinliğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda 0, 250, 500, 750 ve 1000 g P ağaç^-1 Nisan ayında ağaç taç izdüşümüne 0-30 cm derinlikte toprağa uygulanmıştır.

Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, her iki uygulama yılında da en yüksek meyve verimi sırasıyla 750 g P ağaç^-1 dozunda 29.0 ve 30.0 kg ağaç^-1 olarak kaydedilmiştir. En yüksek meyve toplam protein içeriği, 2013 yılında 500 g P ağaç^-1 dozunda 7.5 g 100 g^-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Meyvelerdeki nişasta ve toplam şeker içeriği, ikinci yılda 750 g P ağaç^-1 dozunda 41.6 ve 9.6 g 100 g^-1 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, 20 yaşındaki Sarıasılama çeşidi kestane ağaçlarına uygulanacak fosforlu gübre miktarı 750 g P ağaç^-1 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kestane (Castanea sativa Mill.),fosfor,verim,kalite

The Effect of Phosphorus Applications on Fruit Yield and Some Quality Characteristics of Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Öz

Phosphorus is an important plant nutrient for nutrition the plants and maintaining their metabolic activities. Although chestnut is a plant that makes a profit for the farmers in the world and in our country, the data on fertilization is quite limited. This study was carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of phosphorus applications on fruit yield and quality for two years in Sarıaşılama variety (candy type) chestnut orchards of İnegol (Bursa) district Within this scope, phosphorus doses of 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g P tree^-1 were applied to the soil of trees canopy at a depth of 0-30 cm in April.

According to the results of the study, the highest fruit yield was recorded as 29.0 and 30.0 kg tree^-1 in 750 g P tree^-1 in both application years respectively. The highest fruit total protein content were determined as 7.5 g 100 g^-1 in 500 g P tree^-1 dose in the 2013 year.  The starch and total sugar content in fruit was recorded as 41.6 and 9.6 g 100 g^-1 in 750 g P tree^-1 dose in second year. According to the results of the study, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer to be applied to the Sarıaşılama variety of chestnut trees at the age of 20 years were determined as 750 g P tree^-1

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.),phosphorus,yield,quality

Kaynakça

1. Alexander, M., 1977. Microbial transformations of phosphorus. In: Introduction to Soil Microbiology. New York: Wiley.
2. Anonymous, 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. http://faostat.fao.org/en/#data/QC (Updated 19 May 2019)
3. AOAC, 1990. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Washington, DC: AOAC.
4. Arrobas, M., Afonso, S., Ferreira, I.Q., Moutınho-Pereıra, J., Correia, C. M. and Rodrıgues, M. A., 2017. Liming and application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and boron on a young plantation of chestnut. Turk J AgricFor (2017) 41: 441-451. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1705-79 .
5. Bounous, G., 1999. Among the Chestnut Trees in Cuneo Province. Edizioni Metaforevia Carlo Emanuele, 15-12100 Cuneo.
6. Bounous, G., Botta, R. and Beccaro, G., 2000. The chestnut: the ultimate energy source nutritional value and alimentary benefits. Nucis, 9, 44-50.
7. Brighenti, F., Campagnolo, M. and Bassi, D. 1998. Biochemical characterization of the seed in instinct chestnut genotypes (C. sativa). In: International Symposium on Chestnut, 2., Bordeaux. Proceedings. Bordeaux, France.
8. Childers, N.F., 1966. Temperate to Tropical Fruit Nutrition. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers–The State University.

9. Demiate, I. M., Oetterer, M. and Wosiacki, G., 2001. Characterization of chestnut (Castanea sativa) starch for industrial utilization. Braz. ArchBiol. Techn., 44, 69-78.
10. Ercişli, S., Güleryüz, M., Orhan, E., Ertürk, Y., and Karlıdağ, H., 2009. The Use of Wild Edible Fruits in Sustainable Fruit Production in Turkey, 1st International Syposium on Sustainable Development, June 9-10 2009, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzigova. pp:78-82.
11. Ertan, E., Erdal, E., Alkan, G., andAlgul, B. E., 2015. Effects of different post harvest storage methods on the quality parameters of chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.). Hort Science: a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science 50(4):577-581. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.50.4.577 .
12. Ertürk, Ü., Mert, C. and Soylu, A., 2006. Chemical composition of fruits of some important chestnut cultivars. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology Vol.49, n.2:pp. 183-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132006000300001
13. Ferreria-Cardoso, J.V., Fontainhas-Fernandes, A. A. and Torres-Pereira, M.G., 1993. Nutritive value and technological characteristics of Castanea sativa Mill. fruits -comparative study of some Northeastern Portugal cultivars. In: International Congress on Chestnut, Spoleto. Proceedings. Spoleto, Italy.
14. Güneş, A., Inal, A., Bagcı, E.G. and Kadıoğlu, Y.K., 2010. Combined effect of arsenic and phosphorus on mineral element concentrations of sunflower. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 41:361-372.
15. Kacar, B. and Katkat, V., 1998. Bitki Besleme Ders Notları. Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı Yayın No: 127 VİPAŞ Yayınları: 3. Bursa.
16. Liu, L., 1993. The germ plasm resources of chestnut in China. In: International Congress on Chestnut, Spoleto. Proceedings… Spoleto, Italy.
17. McCarthy, M.A. and Meredith, F.I. 1988. Nutrient data on chestnuts consumed in the United States. Econ. Bot., 42, 29-36.
18. Mengel, K., 1991. Ernährungund Stoffwechsel der Pflanze. G.F.V. Jena.
19. Mohabir, G. and John, P., 1988. Effect of temprature on starch synthesis in potato tuber tissue and amyloplasts. Plant Physol. 88, 1222-1228.
20. Özkarakaş, İ., Gönülşen, N., Ulubelde, M., Özakman, K. and Önal, K., 1995. Ege Bölgesinde Kestane çeşit seleksiyonu çalışmaları. Türkiye II. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi Bildirileri Cilt 1 Meyve:505-509.
21. Pinnavaia, G. G., Pizzirani, S., Severini, C. and Bassi, D., 1993. Chemical and functional characterization of some chestnut varieties. In: International Congress on Chestnut, Spoleto. Proceedings, Spoleto, Italy
22. Plaxton, W.C. and Preiss, J., 1987. Purification and properties of nonproteolytic degraded ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase from maize endosperm. Plant Physol. 83, 105-112.
23. Portela, E., Martins, A., Pires, A. L., Raimundo, F. and Marques, G., 2007. Cap6 -Prática sculturaisnosouto: o manejo do solo. In: Gomes Laranjo J, Ferreira-Cardoso J, Portela E, Abreu CG, editors. Castanheiros. Vila Real, Portugal: Programa AGRO 499, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, pp. 207-264
24. Rodrigues, M.A., Pereira, A., Cabanas, J.E., Dias, I., Pires, J. andArrobas, M., 2006. Cropsuse-efficiency of nitrogen from manure spermitted in organic farming. Eur. J. Agron 25: 328-335
25. Rutter, P.A., Miller, G. and Payne, J.A., 1990. Genetic resources of temperate fruit and nut crops. Acta Horticulturae, No: 290, Vol: II, Chapter: 16: 761-788.
26. Soylu, A., Eriş, A. and Sermenli, T., 1987. Researches on the possibilities of using ethephon (2- chloroethylphosphonicacid) to facilitate the harvesting of chestnuts. Publ. Uludağ Univ. n. 7-0080141, Bursa-Turkey.
27. Üstün, N., Tosun, Y. and Serdar, Ü. 1999. Technological properties of chestnut varieties grown in Erfelek district of Sinop city. ActaHort, 494, 107-110.
28. Wahl, T., 2002. The Iowa chestnut grower’sprimer. Published 2002, Revised 2017 2nd Edition. P:10-11