Kuraklık Stresinin Bazı Yem Bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) Çeşitlerinin Çimlenme ve Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 28 - 36, 23.05.2021

Ömer Süha Uslu Osman Gedik Mahmud Alhumedi Kasem Almınfı

Öz

Kuraklık dünyayı tehdit eden küresel bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Tarımsal üretimde ciddi verim kayıplarına sebep olmaktadır. Bu araştırma Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü Laboratuvarında 2019 Şubat ayında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Özkaynak, Violetta ve Taşkent yem bezelyesi çeşitlerinin çimlenme ve fide gelişimine dair parametreler incelenmiştir. Bu çeşitlere ait tohumlar farklı kuraklık stresi seviyeleri 0 (kontrol), -0.6, -1.7, -3.2 ve -5.3 bar kullanılarak çimlendirilmiştir. Araştırma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Gözlemler her gün aynı saatte yapılmış, radikula uzunluğu 2 mm’yi geçen tohumlar çimlenmiş olarak kabul edilmiştir. Tohumlar ışık ayarı 12 saat gündüz 12 saat gece olacak şekilde 20 ℃’ye ayarlı iklimlendirme dolabında on dört gün süreyle takip edilmiştir. Araştırmada, çeşitlerin ve farklı kuraklık seviyelerine ait ortalamaların arasındaki farklılıkların istatistiki olarak önemli çıktığı tespit edilmiş ve artan kuraklık seviyelerinin çimlenme süresini uzattığı, çimlenme indeksi ve kuraklık tolerans indeksini düşürdüğü, ayrıca fide gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır. Deneme sonucunda Violetta yem bezelyesi çeşidinin diğer çeşitlere oranla kuraklık stresine daha toleranslı olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çimlenme, Kuraklık, PEG-6000, Pisum sp., Tohum, Vigor indeks

Effect of Drought Stress on Germination and Seedling Development of Some Forage Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Varieties

Öz

Drought has become a global problem threatening the world. It causes serious yield losses in agricultural production. This study was conducted in Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Field Crops Laboratory in February 2019. In this study, parameters of germination and seedling development of Özkaynak, Violetta and Taşkent field pea varieties were examined. Seeds of these varieties were germinated using different drought stress levels [0 (control), -0.6, -1.7, -3.2 and -5.3 bar]. The experiment was established according to the completely randomized experimental design with four replications. Observations were made every day at the same time, seeds with radicle length exceeding 2 mm were considered germinated. Seeds were monitored for fourteen days at 20 ℃ in the air-conditioning cabinet. The germination habitat was adjusted for 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. In the study, it was determined that the differences between the varieties and the averages of different drought levels were statistically significant and it was determined that increasing drought levels prolong the germination period, reduce the germination index and drought tolerance index, and also negatively affect seedling development. As a result of the experiment, it was observed that the Violetta forage pea variety was more tolerant of drought stress than other varieties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Drought, Germination, PEG-6000, Pisum sp., Seed, Vigor index

Kaynakça

• Abdul-Baki, A.A., Anderson, J.D., 1973. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science 13:630-633.
• Achakzai, A.K.K., 2009. Effect of water stress on imbibition, germination and seedling growth of maize cultivars. Sarhad J Agric. 25(2):165-172.
• Ahmad, S., Ahmad, R., Ashraf, M.Y., Ashraf, M., Waraich, E., 2009. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to drought stress at germination and seedling growth stages. Pak J Bot. 41:647-654.
• Ahmadloo, F., Tabari, M., Behtari, B., 2011. Effect of drought stress on the germination parameters of Cupressus seeds. International Journal of Forest, Soil and Erosion 1(1):11-17.
• Akhter, S., 1985. Effects of water stress on germination of four varieties of mungbean (Vigna mungo L.) Hepper] M.Sc. Thesis Bot. Deptt. Univ. Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
• Almansouri, M., Kinet, J.M., Lutts, S., 2001. Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Plant and Soil 231:243-254.
• Anaytullah, B.B., Yadav, R.S., 2007. PEG induced moisture stress: screening for drought tolerance in rice. Indian J Plant Physiol 12(1):88-90.
• Anonim, 2014. SAS Institute Inc., SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Version 9.4. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
• Aslan, H., Atış, İ., 2018. Bazı yaygın mürdümük çeşitlerinde kuraklık stresinin çimlenme ve fide gelişimine etkisi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 23(2):218-231.
• Atış, İ., 2011. Bazı silajlık sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) çeşitlerinin çimlenmesi ve fide gelişimi üzerine tuz stresinin etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 6(2):58-67.
• Avcı, S., İleri, O., Kaya, M.D., 2015. Determination of genotypic variation among Sorghum cultivars for seed vigor, salt and drought stresses. Journal of Agricultural Science 23:335-343.
• Avcı, S., Şahan, S., Kaya, M.D., 2018. Determination of salt-stress response in forage pea cultivars during germination and early seedling growth. International Conference on Agriculture, Forest, Food Sciences and Technologies. 2-5 April 2018, Çeşme, İzmir. s. 88-94.
• Babu, K., Rosaiah, G., 2017. A study on germination and seedling growth of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) germplasm against polyethylene glycol 6000 stress. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 12(5):90-98.
• Batool, S.A., 1988. Effects of water stress on germination and seedling growth of eight species of Agropyron. M.Sc. Thesis Bot. Deptt. Univ. Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
• Bernstein, L., 1961. Osmotic adjustment of plants to saline media. I. Steady state. American Journal of Botany 48:909-918.
• Bibi, H., Sadaqat, A., Tahir, M.H.N., Akram, H.M., 2012. Screening of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var moench) for drought tolerance at seedling stage in polyethylene glycol. The J Animal Plant Scien 22(3):671-678.
• Bilgili, D., Atak, M., Mavi, K., 2018. Bazı ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinde tuz ve kuraklık stresinin çimlenme ve fide gelişimine etkisi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 23(1):85-96.
• Çalıkoğlu, M., Tilki, F., 2002. Orman ağacı tohumlarında çimlenme-su stresi ilişkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 52(1):77-88.
• Çırak, C., Esendal, E., 2006. Soyada kuraklık stresi. OMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 21(2):231-237.
• Datta, J.K., Mondal, T., Banerjee, A., Mondal, N.K., 2011. Assessment of drought tolerance of selected wheat cultivars under laboratory condition. J Agrl Tech. 7(2):383-393.
• De Leonardis, A.M., Marone, D., Mazzucotelli, E., Neffar, F., Rizza, F., Di Fonzo, N., Cattivelli, L., Mastrangelo, A.M., 2007. Durum wheat genes up-regulated in the early phases of cold stress are modulated by drought in a developmental and genotype dependent manner. Plant Science 172(5):1005-1016.
• Dezfuli, P.M., Sharif-zadeh, F., Janmohammadi, M., 2008. Influence of priming techniques on seed germination behavior of maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.). J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 3:22-25.
• Ellis, R.H., Roberts, E.H., 1980. Towards a rational basis for seed testing seed quality. (Ed. P. Hebblethwaitei). Seed Production. Butterworths, London, pp.605-635.
• Fallahi, H.R., Fadaeian, G., Gholami, M., Daneshkhah, O., Hosseini, F.S., Aghhavani-Shajari, M., Samadzadeh, A., 2015. Germination response of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and arugula (Eruca sativa L.) to osmotic and salinity stresses. Plant Breeding and Seed Science 71:97-108
• Gamze, O., Mehmet, D.K., Mehmet, A., 2005. Effects of salt and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture 29:237-242.
• Gongping G.U., GuoRong W.U., ChangMei L., ChangFang Z., 2000. Effects of PEG priming on vigor index and activated oxygen metabolism in soybean seedlings. Chinese J Oil Crop Sci. 22(2):26-30.
• Gürbüz, A., Kaya, M., Divanlı Türkan, A., Kaya, G., Kaya, M.D., Çiftçi, C.Y., 2009. Bazı nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) çeşitlerinde tane iriliği ve kuraklık stresinin çimlenme özelliklerine etkisi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22(1):69–74.
• Kaufman, M.R., Eckard, A.N., 1971. Evolution of stress control by polyethylene. Glycols by analysis of gulation. Plant Physiology 47:453-456.
• Khajeh-Hosseini, M., Powell, A.A., Bingham, I.J., 2003. The interaction between salinity stress and seed vigour during germination of soybean seeds. Seed Sci.&Technol 31:715-725.
• Khan, M.A., Kashmir, S., Ali, H.H., Gul, B., Raza, A., Umm-E-Kulsoom, U., Uslu, O.S., Waheed, H., 2019. Environmental Factors Can Affect the Germination and Growth of Parthenium hysterophorus and Rumex crispus. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 51(6), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/PJB2019-6(7).
• Khan, M.I., Shabbir, G., Akram, Z., Shah, M.K.N., Ansar, M., Cheema, N.M., Iqbal, M.S., 2013. Character association studies of seedling traits in different wheat genotypes under moisture stress conditions. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 45(3):458-467.
• Kramer, P.J., 1983. Water Relations of Plants. International Review of Cytology 85:253-286
• López, R., Aranda, I., Gil, L., 2009. Osmotic adjustment is a significant mechanism of drought resistance in Pinus pinaster and Pinus canariensis. Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales 18(2):159-166.
• Mackay, W.A., Davis, T.D., Sankhla, D., 1995. Influence of scarification and temperature treatments on seed germination of Lupinus havardii. Seed Sci. Tech. 23:815-821.
• Maquire, J.D., 1962. Speed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Science 2:176-177.
• Mexal, I., Fisher, I.T., Osteryoung, I., Patrick Reid, C.P., 1975. Oxygen availability in polyethylene glycol solutions and its implications in plant-water relations. Plant Physiology 55:20-24.
• Michel, B.E. and Kaufmann, M.R., 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology 51:914-916.
• Milosevic, M., Vujakovic, M., Karagic, D., 2010. Vigour tests as indicators of seed viability. Genetika 42:103-118.
• Mut, Z., Akay, H., 2010. Effect of seed size and drought stress on germination and seedling growth of naked oat (Avena sativa L.). Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 16(4):459-467.
• Nayar, H., Gupta, D., 2006. Differential sensitivity of C3 and C4 plants to water deficit stress: association with oxidative stress and antioxidants. Envir Exp Bot. 58:106-113.
• Piwowarczyk, B., Kaminska, I., Rybinski, W., 2014. Influence of PEG generated osmotic stress on shoot regeneration and some biochemical parameters in Lathyrus culture. Czech Journal Genetic Plant Breed 50(2):77-83.
• Priyanka, S., Rizwan, M., Bhatt, K.V., Mohapatra, T., Govind S., 2011. In-vitro response of Vigna aconitifolia to drought stress induced by PEG-6000. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry 7(3):108-121.
• Radhouane, L., 2007. Response of Tunisian autochthonous pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. African Journal of Biotechnology 6:1102-1105.
• Safarnejad, A., 2008. Morphological and biochemical response to osmotic stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Pak J Bot. 40(2):735-746.
• Saxena, N.P., Johansen, C., Saxena, M.C., Silim, S.N., 1993. Selection for drought and salinity tolerance in cool-season food legumes (Ed. KB. Singh, MC. Saxena). Breeding for Stress Tolerance in Cool-Season Food Legumes. United Kingdom, pp. 245-270.
• Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., 1980. Principles and procedures of statistic. A biometric approach. Mc Graw-Hill, New York. NY.
• Toosi, A.F., Bakar, B., Azizi, M., 2014. Effect of Drought Stress by Using PEG 6000 on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Brassica juncea var. Ensabi. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy Vol. LVII, 360-363.
• Tsago, Y., Andargie, M., Takele, A., 2013. In Vitro screening for drought tolerance in different sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry 9(3): 72-83.
• Uslu, Ö.S. ve Gedik, O., 2020. Bazı fiğ (Vicia sp.) türlerinin tuzluluğa karşı toleransı üzerine bir araştırma. Uluslararası Anadolu Ziraat Mühendisliği Bilimleri Dergisi 2:1-10.
• Uslu, Ö.S., Gedik, O., 2019. Akdeniz İkliminde Yetiştirilen Tritikalenin Tuzluluğa Karşı Toleransının Araştırılması. III. International Mediterranean Forest and Environment Symposium, 191-196, Kahramanmaraş.
• Van der Berg, L., Zeng, Y.J., 2006. Response of South African indigenous grass species to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. South African Journal of Botany 72:284-286.
• Verslues, P.E., Bray, E.A., 2004. LWR1 and LWR2 are required for osmoregulation and osmotic adjustment in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 136:761-764.
• Wang, Y.R., Yu, L., Nan, Z.B., Liu, Y.L., 2004. Vigor tests used to rank seed lot quality and predict field emergence in four forage species. Crop Science 44(2):535-541.
• Wilson, D.R., Jamieson, P.D., Jermyn, W.A., Hanson, R., 1985. Models of growth and water use of field pea (Pisum sativum L.). In: (ed. Hebblethwaite, P.D., M.C. Heath and T.C.K. Dawkins) The Pea Crop. Butterworths London, UK.