Futbolda Farklı Formasyon ve Pozisyonlarda Oynayan Oyuncuların Teknik-Taktik ve Fiziksel Performanslarının Analizi: Sistematik Bir Derleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 196 - 208, 30.08.2025

Eren Bozyılan , Süleyman Bilgin

Öz

Günümüzde yapılan birçok araştırma, futbolda farklı formasyonlarda ve pozisyonlarda oynayan oyuncuların teknik-taktik ve fiziksel performans ölçütlerinin maç sonuçlarını önemli ölçüde etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu sistematik derleme çalışmasının amacı, farklı formasyon ve pozisyonlarda oynayan futbolcuların tekniktaktik ve fiziksel performanslarına ilişkin güncel literatür çalışmalarını inceleyerek bütüncül bir değerlendirme sunmaktır. Sistematik tarama süreci, PRISMA (Sistematik İncelemeler ve Meta-analizler için Tercih Edilen Raporlama Öğeleri) yönergeleri doğrultusunda, elektronik veri tabanları (Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus ve PubMed) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatürde toplam 98 çalışma incelenmiş, belirlenen kriterlere
uyan 21 çalışma değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bulgular, oyun pozisyonları arasında teknik-taktik ve fiziksel performans ölçütlerinde anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Farklı pozisyonlarda oynayan oyuncuların kat ettiği mesafe ve yüksek şiddetli koşu performanslarında belirgin değişiklikler gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, takım boyu ve genişliğinin koşu ile teknik-taktik performansı etkilediği, üçlü savunma formasyonundaki oyuncuların dörtlü savunmadakilere göre daha fazla mesafe kat edip daha yüksek şiddetli koşular gerçekleştirdikleri belirlenmiştir. Dörtlü savunmada görev yapan full beklerin, beşli savunmadaki oyunculara kıyasla daha yüksek koşu mesafesi ve şiddetli koşu sergiledikleri; topa sahip olan takımların teknik ve taktik performanslarının yanı sıra kat edilen
mesafe açısından daha yüksek çıktılar sundukları tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, benimsenen teknik/taktik stratejilerin oyuncular üzerinde farklı fiziksel taleplere neden olduğu ve bu stratejilerin hem takım hem de pozisyon düzeyinde oyuncuların performanslarını etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

futbol , formasyon , pozisyon , teknik-taktik , fizksel performans

Technical, Tactical, and Physical Performances of Football Players in Different Formations and Positions: A Systematic Review

Öz

Recent studies have shown that the technical-tactical and physical performance metrics of football players in different formations and positions significantly influence match outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to examine and synthesize current literature on the technical-tactical and physical performances of players in various formations and positions. The systematic search was conducted based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using electronic databases including Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, and PubMed. A total of 98 studies were screened, and 21 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated in detail. The findings indicate notable differences in performance metrics based on player positions. Significant variations were observed in the total distance covered and high-intensity running depending on the position. Moreover, team length and width were found to impact both running and technical-tactical performance. Players in three-defender formations covered more distance and performed more high-intensity runs compared to those in four-defender systems. Fullbacks in four-defender formations exhibited higher total running distances and high-intensity efforts than their counterparts in five-defender setups. Teams with greater ball possession demonstrated higher physical, technical, and tactical performance metrics. Consequently, the adoption of different technical and tactical strategies results in varying physical demands, influencing player performance at both the team and positional levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

technical-tactical performance , physical performance , football , formations , positions

Kaynakça

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