Gelenek ve Eleştiri: Gadamer Hermeneutiğinde Eleştiri İmkânı ve Habermas Tartışması

Öz

Modern felsefi hermeneutiğin kurucusu Hans-Georg Gadamer ile eleştirel teorinin önde gelen temsilcisi Jürgen Habermas arasındaki ünlü tartışma, hermeneutik projenin eleştiri imkânı ve gelenek ile olan ilişkisine dair merkezi sorunları gün yüzüne çıkarmıştır. Her iki düşünür de aklın araçsallaşmasına ve pozitivizme karşı çıksa da Habermas tarihsel materyalizm geleneğinden gelerek Gadamer'i iktidar ilişkilerinin dilsel yoruma olan etkisini ve gelenekte gömülü ideolojiyi eleştirmekte yetersiz kalmakla eleştirir. Gadamer, nesnelcilik tehlikesine karşı geleneği kolektif bir otorite olarak savunurken, Habermas bu yaklaşımın eleştirel refleksiyonu engellediğini ve aklı otoritenin tahakkümü altına soktuğunu iddia eder. Bu makale, yol gösterici argüman olarak hermeneutikte anlamanın yönünü belirleyen diyakronik (dikey-gelenek) ve senkronik (yatay-uygulama) olmak üzere iki boyut üzerinden Gadamer hermeneutiğinin eleştiri imkânını ortadan kaldırmadığını, aksine pratik tecrübe ve durumsal uygulamayla eleştiriye zemin hazırladığını değerlendirecektir. Çalışma, literatürde genellikle statik bir yapı olarak görülen Gadamerci geleneği, uygulama (phronesis) temelinde dinamik bir eleştiri alanı olarak yeniden konumlandırarak felsefi hermeneutik ve eleştirel teori arasındaki tartışmaya özgün bir perspektif sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gadamer
• Habermas
• Hermeneutik
• İdeoloji
• Gelenek

Tradition and Critique: The Possibility of Criticism in Gadamer’s Hermeneutics and the Habermas Debate

Öz

The renowned debate between Hans-Georg Gadamer, the founder of modern philosophical hermeneutics, and Jürgen Habermas, the leading representative of Critical Theory, has brought to light central issues concerning the possibility of critique and the project’s relationship with tradition. Although both thinkers oppose the instrumentalization of reason and positivism, Habermas, emerging from the lineage of historical materialism, criticizes Gadamer for failing to adequately address the effect of power relations on linguistic interpretation and the ideology embedded within tradition. While Gadamer defends tradition as a collective authority against the danger of objectivism, Habermas argues that this approach inhibits critical reflection and subjects reason to the dominance of authority. This paper, using the guiding argument of two dimensions that determine the direction of understanding in hermeneutics, the diachronic (vertical-tradition) and the synchronic (horizontal-application), will evaluate that Gadamerian hermeneutics does not foreclose the possibility of critique, but rather provides a foundation for it through practical experience and situational application. The present study intends to offer a novel contribution to the discourse between philosophical hermeneutics and critical theory by reframing Gadamer’s notion of tradition, often viewed as static within existing scholarship, as a dynamic field of critique characterized by situational application (phronesis).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gadamer
• Habermas
• Hermeneutics
• Ideology
• Tradition

Kaynakça

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