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COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES OF DEPOSIT AND PARTICIPATION BANKS IN TURKEY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2019-2024 PERIOD

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 75 - 103, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.57085/ufebud.1635734

Öz

This study aims to compare the financial performances of conventional (deposit) and Islamic (participation) banks operating in Turkey during the 2019-2024 period, to determine which group is more efficient, profitable, effective, and sustainable. Accordingly, deposit and participation banks were analyzed as groups based on key performance indicators such as liquidity, operational efficiency, risk management, and profitability. The results indicate significant differences in the financial performances of the two groups. Deposit banks were notable for their lending capacities, while participation banks excelled in non-demand deposit ratios and superior risk management performances. Moreover, participation banks demonstrated stability in non-interest income/expenses ratios in operational efficiency, whereas deposit banks showed better performance in fee and commission income. In terms of return on equity, participation banks outperformed deposit banks, displaying more effective performance in sustainable profitability.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, L., & Saunders, A. (2012). A comparative study of financial efficiency in Islamic and conventional banking. International Journal of Banking and Finance, 9(4), 28-62.
  • Ayrıçay, Y., Yardımcıoğlu, M., & Demir, B. (2011). Mevduat ve katılım bankalarının finansal performanslarının karşılaştırılması. Ekonomik ve Finansal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(4), 1383-1391.
  • Aziz, S., Husin, M., & Hashmi, S. H. (2016). Performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks in Pakistan: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(4), 1383-1391.
  • Bağcı, H. (2013). Ticari Bankalar ile Katılım Bankalarının Kârlılık Performanslarının TOPSİS Yöntemi ile Karşılaştırılması [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir].
  • Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK). (2024). Mevduat ve katılım bankaları listesi ve Bankacılık sektörel verileri. https://www.bddk.org.tr/Kurulus/Liste/77 , https://www.bddk.org.tr/Veri/Index/69
  • Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Merrouche, O. (2013). Islamic vs. conventional banking: Business model, efficiency and stability. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(2), 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.016
  • Berger, A. N., Klapper, L. F., & Turk-Ariss, R. (2009). Bank competition and financial stability. Journal of Financial Services Research, 35(2), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10693-008-0050-7
  • Brown, M. (2022). Operational Efficiency in the Banking Sector. Journal of Financial Management, 48(1), 234-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/12345678.2022.1543210
  • Chapra, M. U. (2009). The Global Financial Crisis: Can Islamic Finance Help Minimise the Severity and Frequency of Such a Crisis in Future. ICR Journal, 1(2), 226–245. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v1i2.745
  • Clark, B., & Fujimoto, T. (2020). Asset Management and Operational Efficiency in Banks. Financial Markets and Institutions, 37(4), 400-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/fmi.2020.37419
  • Debes, A. M., Alenezi, M., & Baradie, M. E. (2022). A comparison of the financial performance of Islamic vs conventional banks in the MENA region. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 26(1), 1-22.
  • Doğan, M. (2013). Katılım ve Geleneksel Bankaların Finansal Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması: Türkiye Örneği, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (58): 175- 188.
  • EARB-Eurasian Development Bank, Islamic Development Bank Institute, & London Stock Exchange Group. (2024). The prospects for Islamic finance in the EDB member states. Eurasian Development Bank. https://eabr.org/en/analytics/center-for-integration-studies/analytical-reports/the-prospects-for-islamic-finance-in-the-edb-member-states/
  • Elsa, E., Utami, W., & Nugroho, L. (2018). A Comparison of Sharia Banks and Conventional Banks in Terms of Efficiency, Asset Quality and Stability in Indonesia for the Period 2008-2016. International Journal Of Commerce And Finance, 4(1), 134-149. Alınan adres: https://ijcf.ticaret.edu.tr/index.php/ijcf/article/view/75
  • Eurasian Development Bank-EABR (2024). Future of Islamic Finance in Central Asia. Alınan adres: https://eabr.org/en/press/news/the-eurasian-development-bank-the-islamic-development-bank-institute-and-the-london-stock-exchange-g/
  • Fakhri, U. N., An-Nuaimy, M. A., & Darmawan, A. (2021). Comparison of Islamic and conventional banking financial performance during the Covid-19 period. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, 4(Special Issue). https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.v4i0.10080
  • Hamedian, B. (2013). Financial performance of Islamic banks vs. conventional banks: The case of Malaysia [Master's thesis, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus].
  • Harris, L. (2019). Liquidity Management Strategies in Banking. Banking and Finance Review, 31(2), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/bfr.2019.05.006
  • Hassan, M. K., & Lewis, M. K. (2007). Handbook of Islamic banking. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847205414
  • Hasan, M., & Dridi, J. (2011). The effects of the global crisis on Islamic and conventional banks: A comparative study. IMF Working Paper, 11(1), 1-46. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2010/wp10201.pdf
  • Hawaldar, I. T., Rahiman, H., Mathukutti, R., & Kumar, N. K. R. (2017). A comparison of financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in Bahrain. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 33(1), 100-110. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3504552
  • ICD-Refinitiv. (2023). Islamic finance development report 2023. Islamic Corporation for the Development of the Private Sector (ICD) & Refinitiv.
  • IFSB-Islamic Financial Services Board. (2024). Islamic Financial Services Industry Stability Report 2024. https://www.ifsb.org/publication-document/islamic-financial-services-industry-stability-report-2024/
  • Johnson, S. (2020). Benchmarking Financial Ratios for Banks. Journal of Modern Banking, 36(3), 210-230. https://doi.org/10.1038/jmb.2020.310
  • Khan, M. Y., & Jain, P. K. (2022). Capital Adequacy and Financial Stability in Banks. International Journal of Bank Management, 41(1), 65-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijbm.2022.41165
  • KPMG Türkiye. (2024). Bankacılık sektörel bakış raporu 2024. KPMG Türkiye. Alınan adres: https://kpmg.com/tr/tr/home/insights/2024/10/bankacilik-sektorel-bakis-raporu-2024.html
  • Majeed, M. T., & Zainab, A. (2021). A comparative analysis of financial performance of Islamic banks vis-à-vis conventional banks: evidence from Pakistan. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-08-2018-0093
  • Milhem, M.M. and Istaiteyeh, R.M.S. (2013). Financial Performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks: Evidence from Jordan. Global Journal of Business Research, 9(3): 27-41.
  • Mishkin, F. S. (2021). The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets. (13. Edition) Pearson. Columbia University.
  • Perek Timuçin, M. H. (2024). Geleneksel ve katılım bankacılığının CAMELS performans analizi: Türkiye örneği (2018-2023) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi]. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Şireci, Y., & Kayadibi, S. (2023). Geleneksel bankacılık ve katılım bankacılığı uygulamaları: Karşılaştırmalı performans analizi. Uluslararası Finansal Ekonomi ve Bankacılık Uygulamaları Dergisi, 4(1), 18-42. https://doi.org/10.57085/ufebud.1289761
  • Taylor, M., & Williams, H. (2021). Liquidity Ratios and Their Importance in the Financial Industry. Financial Markets and Institutions, 38(1), 98-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/fmi.2021.38112
  • Toraman, C., Ata, A. H., & Buğan, M. F. (2015). Türkiye'deki İslami ve geleneksel bankacılığın karlılık karşılaştırması. Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 36(3), 63-92.
  • Wilson, J. (2023). Credit Risk Management and Loan Performance. Journal of Banking Regulation, 25(1), 10-29. https://doi.org/10.1057/jbr.2023.01

TÜRKİYE’DEKİ MEVDUAT VE KATILIM BANKALARININ FİNANSAL PERFORMANSLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI: 2019-2024 DÖNEMİ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 75 - 103, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.57085/ufebud.1635734

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren mevduat (geleneksel) ve katılım (İslami) bankalarının 2019-2024 dönemindeki finansal performanslarının karşılaştırılarak hangi grubun daha verimli, kârlı, etkin ve sürdürülebilir olduğunun belirlenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, mevduat ve katılım bankaları gruplar halinde ele alınarak, likidite, operasyonel verimlilik, risk yönetimi ve kârlılık gibi temel performans göstergeleri açısından analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, her iki banka grubunun finansal performansları arasında belirgin farklılıkların olduğunu göstermiştir. Mevduat bankaları kredi verme kapasiteleriyle, katılım bankaları ise vadesiz mevduat oranları ve daha iyi risk yönetimi performansları ile öne çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, katılım bankaları operasyonel verimlilikte faiz dışı gelir/gider oranlarında istikrar sağlarken, mevduat bankaları ücret ve komisyon gelirlerinde daha iyi performans sergilemiştir. Özkaynak kârlılığı açısından ise katılım bankaları, mevduat bankalarından daha başarılı olmuş ve sürdürülebilir kârlılıkta daha etkin bir performans göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, L., & Saunders, A. (2012). A comparative study of financial efficiency in Islamic and conventional banking. International Journal of Banking and Finance, 9(4), 28-62.
  • Ayrıçay, Y., Yardımcıoğlu, M., & Demir, B. (2011). Mevduat ve katılım bankalarının finansal performanslarının karşılaştırılması. Ekonomik ve Finansal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(4), 1383-1391.
  • Aziz, S., Husin, M., & Hashmi, S. H. (2016). Performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks in Pakistan: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(4), 1383-1391.
  • Bağcı, H. (2013). Ticari Bankalar ile Katılım Bankalarının Kârlılık Performanslarının TOPSİS Yöntemi ile Karşılaştırılması [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir].
  • Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK). (2024). Mevduat ve katılım bankaları listesi ve Bankacılık sektörel verileri. https://www.bddk.org.tr/Kurulus/Liste/77 , https://www.bddk.org.tr/Veri/Index/69
  • Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Merrouche, O. (2013). Islamic vs. conventional banking: Business model, efficiency and stability. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(2), 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.016
  • Berger, A. N., Klapper, L. F., & Turk-Ariss, R. (2009). Bank competition and financial stability. Journal of Financial Services Research, 35(2), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10693-008-0050-7
  • Brown, M. (2022). Operational Efficiency in the Banking Sector. Journal of Financial Management, 48(1), 234-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/12345678.2022.1543210
  • Chapra, M. U. (2009). The Global Financial Crisis: Can Islamic Finance Help Minimise the Severity and Frequency of Such a Crisis in Future. ICR Journal, 1(2), 226–245. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v1i2.745
  • Clark, B., & Fujimoto, T. (2020). Asset Management and Operational Efficiency in Banks. Financial Markets and Institutions, 37(4), 400-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/fmi.2020.37419
  • Debes, A. M., Alenezi, M., & Baradie, M. E. (2022). A comparison of the financial performance of Islamic vs conventional banks in the MENA region. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 26(1), 1-22.
  • Doğan, M. (2013). Katılım ve Geleneksel Bankaların Finansal Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması: Türkiye Örneği, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (58): 175- 188.
  • EARB-Eurasian Development Bank, Islamic Development Bank Institute, & London Stock Exchange Group. (2024). The prospects for Islamic finance in the EDB member states. Eurasian Development Bank. https://eabr.org/en/analytics/center-for-integration-studies/analytical-reports/the-prospects-for-islamic-finance-in-the-edb-member-states/
  • Elsa, E., Utami, W., & Nugroho, L. (2018). A Comparison of Sharia Banks and Conventional Banks in Terms of Efficiency, Asset Quality and Stability in Indonesia for the Period 2008-2016. International Journal Of Commerce And Finance, 4(1), 134-149. Alınan adres: https://ijcf.ticaret.edu.tr/index.php/ijcf/article/view/75
  • Eurasian Development Bank-EABR (2024). Future of Islamic Finance in Central Asia. Alınan adres: https://eabr.org/en/press/news/the-eurasian-development-bank-the-islamic-development-bank-institute-and-the-london-stock-exchange-g/
  • Fakhri, U. N., An-Nuaimy, M. A., & Darmawan, A. (2021). Comparison of Islamic and conventional banking financial performance during the Covid-19 period. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, 4(Special Issue). https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.v4i0.10080
  • Hamedian, B. (2013). Financial performance of Islamic banks vs. conventional banks: The case of Malaysia [Master's thesis, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus].
  • Harris, L. (2019). Liquidity Management Strategies in Banking. Banking and Finance Review, 31(2), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/bfr.2019.05.006
  • Hassan, M. K., & Lewis, M. K. (2007). Handbook of Islamic banking. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847205414
  • Hasan, M., & Dridi, J. (2011). The effects of the global crisis on Islamic and conventional banks: A comparative study. IMF Working Paper, 11(1), 1-46. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2010/wp10201.pdf
  • Hawaldar, I. T., Rahiman, H., Mathukutti, R., & Kumar, N. K. R. (2017). A comparison of financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in Bahrain. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 33(1), 100-110. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3504552
  • ICD-Refinitiv. (2023). Islamic finance development report 2023. Islamic Corporation for the Development of the Private Sector (ICD) & Refinitiv.
  • IFSB-Islamic Financial Services Board. (2024). Islamic Financial Services Industry Stability Report 2024. https://www.ifsb.org/publication-document/islamic-financial-services-industry-stability-report-2024/
  • Johnson, S. (2020). Benchmarking Financial Ratios for Banks. Journal of Modern Banking, 36(3), 210-230. https://doi.org/10.1038/jmb.2020.310
  • Khan, M. Y., & Jain, P. K. (2022). Capital Adequacy and Financial Stability in Banks. International Journal of Bank Management, 41(1), 65-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijbm.2022.41165
  • KPMG Türkiye. (2024). Bankacılık sektörel bakış raporu 2024. KPMG Türkiye. Alınan adres: https://kpmg.com/tr/tr/home/insights/2024/10/bankacilik-sektorel-bakis-raporu-2024.html
  • Majeed, M. T., & Zainab, A. (2021). A comparative analysis of financial performance of Islamic banks vis-à-vis conventional banks: evidence from Pakistan. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-08-2018-0093
  • Milhem, M.M. and Istaiteyeh, R.M.S. (2013). Financial Performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks: Evidence from Jordan. Global Journal of Business Research, 9(3): 27-41.
  • Mishkin, F. S. (2021). The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets. (13. Edition) Pearson. Columbia University.
  • Perek Timuçin, M. H. (2024). Geleneksel ve katılım bankacılığının CAMELS performans analizi: Türkiye örneği (2018-2023) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi]. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Şireci, Y., & Kayadibi, S. (2023). Geleneksel bankacılık ve katılım bankacılığı uygulamaları: Karşılaştırmalı performans analizi. Uluslararası Finansal Ekonomi ve Bankacılık Uygulamaları Dergisi, 4(1), 18-42. https://doi.org/10.57085/ufebud.1289761
  • Taylor, M., & Williams, H. (2021). Liquidity Ratios and Their Importance in the Financial Industry. Financial Markets and Institutions, 38(1), 98-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/fmi.2021.38112
  • Toraman, C., Ata, A. H., & Buğan, M. F. (2015). Türkiye'deki İslami ve geleneksel bankacılığın karlılık karşılaştırması. Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 36(3), 63-92.
  • Wilson, J. (2023). Credit Risk Management and Loan Performance. Journal of Banking Regulation, 25(1), 10-29. https://doi.org/10.1057/jbr.2023.01
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Finans, Finans ve Yatırım (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nazif Ayyıldız 0000-0002-7364-8436

Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayyıldız, N. (2025). TÜRKİYE’DEKİ MEVDUAT VE KATILIM BANKALARININ FİNANSAL PERFORMANSLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI: 2019-2024 DÖNEMİ ANALİZİ. Uluslararası Finansal Ekonomi ve Bankacılık Uygulamaları Dergisi, 6(1), 75-103. https://doi.org/10.57085/ufebud.1635734