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TUNUS, MISIR VE LİBYA’DAKİ İÇ VE DIŞ DİNAMİKLERİN ARAP BAHARI’NIN GERÇEKLEŞMESİNDE ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 39 - 63, 01.01.2013

Öz

“Tunus, Mısır ve Libya’da otoriter rejimlerin yıkılmasına neden olan iç ve dış dinamiklerin etkilerini incelediğimizde bunların devrimlerin gerçekleşmesine katkısının her ülke özelliğine bağlı olarak, farklı olduğu sonucuna varabiliriz. Burada meseleye tesir eden temel iki faktör vardır. Birincisi, her ülkenin halkı, sivil toplum örgütleri, gençlerin örgütlenmesi ve silahlı kuvvetlerinin karakteri ile ortaya çıkan iç dinamikler; diğeri ise, her üç ülkede farklı çıkar hesapları nedeniyle dış güçlerin müdahaleye varan etkinlikleridir. Tunus ve Mısır’da halk dinamiği iradesinin ülke silahlı kuvvetleri tarafından desteklenmesi ile sonuç halkın arzu ettiği şekilde gerçekleşmiştir. Buna karşın, aşiretlerin doğuda başlattığı ayaklanmalar Libya’da silahlı kuvvetler dinamiğinin halk karşısında rol almasıyla başarısız bir yola girmiştir. Bunun üzerine dış dinamikler BM ve NATO gibi uluslararası güç unsurlarını kullanarak Kaddafi’ye karşı gerekli sınırlı askeri desteği sağlamış ve sonucun halk dinamiği iradesi doğrultusunda gelişmesinde etken olmuştur. Libya’da sonuca tesir eden ana etken, Libya silahlı kuvvetleri karşısında yer alan dış dinamiklerin işlevi olmuştur. Bu makalede Tunus, Mısır ve Libya’da ortaya çıkan Arap Baharı rüzgârının gerçekleşmesinde hangi iç ve dış dinamiklerin, nasıl etken olduğunun her üç ülke bazında incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır

Kaynakça

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THE EFFECTS OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DYNAMICS IN TUNISIA, EGYPT AND LIBYA IN THE ARAB SPRING

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 39 - 63, 01.01.2013

Öz

When we study the internal and external dynamics which cause the overthrow of the authoritarian regimes in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya we can reach the results that he same dynamics would be effective differently depending to the nature of each country. There are two main factors influencing the subject; first, internal dynamics emerging from the qualifications of each countries’ people, non-governmental organizations, youth organizations and armed forces. And the other is that external dynamics due to the interference of foreign powers in all three countries up to the different activities of interest calculations. We observed that in Tunisia and Egypt, the will of the people became true in parallel with the support of its own armed forces. Contrary to that the revolts arose by the tribes in the East in Libya almost failed since the armed forces dynamic has taken a role against people. Thereupon, external dynamics using the instruments of UN and NATO have provided to rebels limited military support needed against Gaddafi to change the course of events in accordance with the will of the people. The main factor that affects the outcome in Libya was the external dynamics which have taken actions against the Libyan Armed Forces.which internal and external dynamics, how would be effective within each country by the wind of Arab Spring in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya.In this article we try to analyse that

Kaynakça

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  • Index Mundi, (2011), Demographics: Population, Eygpt, February 14, 2013 tarihinde http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?c=eg&v=21 adresinden alındı.
  • In Swift, Decisive Action, Security Council Imposes Tough Measures On Regime, Adopting Resolution 1970 In Wake Of Crackdown On Protester, (2011, February 26), Haziran 24, 2012 tarihinde Security Council 6491st Meeting: www.un.org adresinden alındı.
  • Internet usage statistics for Afrika, (2010), Ocak 17, 2012 tarihinde Internet stats: www.internetwworldstats.com/stats1.htm adresinden alındı.
  • Jilani, Z., (2011, January 26), Obama ‘Supports The Democratic Aspirations Of All People’ — How Will He Respond To Egypt Protests?, 15.11.2012 tarihinde http://thinkprogress.org/security/2011/01/26/140882/obama-democratic-aspirations-egypt/ adresinden alındı.
  • Jijo, J., (2011, February 01), What is Egypt's 6 April movement. June 18, 2012 tarihinde www.ibtimes.com adresinden alındı.
  • Jones, B. D., (27 May 2011), Libya and the Responsibilities of Power. Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, 51-60.
  • Joshua Hammer, A. I. (2011, July 20),Egypt: Who Calls the Shots? May 30, 2012 tarihinde The New York Review of Books: http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2011/aug/18/egypt-who-callsshots/ adresinden alındı.
  • Kadlec, P. S. (June 2012),libya’s troubled transition. Beirut: Carnegie Middle East Center.
  • Lange, M. A., (2011), The Arap Youth and the Dawn of Democracy. KAS International Reports 5, s. 20-29.
  • Lynch, M., (2011, January 13), Where are the democracy promoters in Tunusia. Foreign Policy.
  • Macey, I. A., (2011.02.18),Did Egypt's rising economy lead to Hosni Mubarak's fall? 02 02, 2012 tarihinde POLITICO: http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0211/49736.html adresinden alındı.
  • Uprising tide, (March 2012),Jane's Intelligence Review, 11.
  • Marco Papic, S. N., (2011.02.02),Social Media as a Tool for Protest. 02 02, 2012 tarihinde Stratfor.com: http://wwww.stratfor.com/weekly/20110202-social-mediatool-protest adresinden alındı.
  • Mardell, M., (2011, February 02), BBC. June 14, 2012 tarihinde Obama goes further over Mubarak departure: www.bbc.co.uk adresinden alındı.
  • McGreal, C., (2011, March 20), Coalition attacks wreak havoc on ground troops. Haziran 24, 2012 tarihinde The Guardian: www.guardian.co.uk adresinden alındı.
  • McGreal, C., (2011, February 02), Tony Blair: Mubarak is 'immensely courageous and a force for good'. June 14, 2012 tarihinde The Guardian: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/feb/02/tonyblair-mubarak-courageous-force-for-good-egypt adresinden alındı.
  • Merkel: Kaddafi'nin konuşması ürkütücüydü, (2011, Şubat 2011), Haziran 24, 2012 tarihinde Euroaktiv: www.euroaktive.com adresinden alındı.
  • Metz, H. C. (1987). Libya: A Country Study, Politics of Oil. Washington: U.S. Library of Congress.
  • Moyo Thoko,E. F., (2011, March),Egypt Country Brief. 01 26, 2012 tarihinde World Bank.org: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/MENAEXT/EGYPTEXTN/0,menuP K:28766-pagePK:141132... adresinden alındı.
  • Moran, C., (2011, February 01), Egypt's Internet Shutdown: Was it Legal? 02 02, 2012 tarihinde
  • Law, Technology & Arts Blog: http://wjlta.wordpress.com/2011/02/01/egypts-internet-shutdownwas-it-legal/ adresinden alındı..
  • Mubarak dismisses Egypt's government, (2011, January 28), May 30, 2012 tarihinde Stratfor: http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/20110128-mubarak-dismisses-egypts-government adresinden alındı.
  • Muslim Brotherhood. (2013). February 18, 2013 tarihinde Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org adresinden alındı.
  • Mübarek yönetiminde Mısır'ın 30 yılı, (2011, Şubat 02), Haziran 14, 2012 tarihinde Hurriyet Planet: http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/planet/16917003.asp?gid=286 adresinden alındı.
  • Nakhoul, S., (2011, January 31), UPDATE 1-Egypt army: will not use violence against citizens, Reuters, Ekim 20, 2012 tarihinde http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/31/egypt-army-idAFLDE70U2JC20110131 adresinden alındı.
  • NATO and Libya- Operation Unified Protector, 24.04.2013 tarihinde www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_71652.htm?. Adresinden alındı.
  • Obama urges Mubarak to leave office, (2011, February 10), June 14, 2012 tarihinde Global Post: www.globalpost.com adresinden alındı.
  • Obama's Speech on Libya, (2011, February 23), Haziran 24, 2012 tarihinde New York Times: www.nytimes.com adresinden alındı.
  • Operation Libya:US Marines on Crete for Libyan deployment, (2011, March 03), June 25, 2012 tarihinde Global Research, http://www.globalresearch.ca/operation-libya-us-marines-on-crete-forlibyan-deployment/23506 adresinden alındı.
  • Ottaway, M, A. H., (2011, 01. 28), Protest Movements and Political Change in the Arap World. 06.18.2011 tarihinde Carnegie Endowment For International Peace: http://carnegieendowment.org/files/OttawayHamzawy_Outlook_Jan11_ProtestMovements.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • ORSAM, (2011), Yaklaşan Seçim Öncesi Tunus'ta Siyasal Denklemler. Ankara: ORSAM.
  • Ottaway& Hamzawy, (2011,01.28), Protest Movements and Political Change in the Arap World. 06 18, 2011 tarihinde Carnegie Endowment For International Peace: http://carnegieendowment.org/files/OttawayHamzawy_Outlook_Jan11_ProtestMovements.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Paciello, M. C., (2011), Tunusia: Changes and Challenges of Political Transition. MEDRO. MODRO Technical Report No: 03.
  • Pannell, I., (2011, March 19), Libya: Gaddafi forces attacking rebel-held Bengazi. June 2012, 2012 tarihinde bbc: www.bbc.co.uk adresinden alındı.
  • Rayan, Y., (2010, Dec 31), Another Tunusian Protester dies, 24.04.2013 tarihinde www.aljazeere.com adresinden alındı
  • Recknagel, C. ( 2005, May 25). Egypt: Referendum Held On Multi-Candidate Presidential Polls.
  • February 16, 2013 tarihinde Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty: http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1058996.html adresinden alındı.
  • Rogin, J. (2011 March 07), No-fly zone wouldn’t help much, 24.04.2013 tarihinde http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com adresinden alındı.
  • Salem, P., Kaldec, A., (2012, June), Libya’s Troubled Transition, Carnigie Endowment. www.carnegieendowment.org adresinden alındı.
  • Secretary-General SG/SM/13425GA/11051AFR/2130, (tarih yok), www.un.org adresinden alındı.
  • Shah, A., (2011, May 12), Middle East and North Africa Unrest. January 18, 2012 tarihinde Global Issues: http://www.globalissues.org/print/article/792#Westlookson adresinden alındı.
  • Shehata, D., (2011, May/June), The Fall of the Pharaoh. New York: Foreign Affairs.
  • Smith, C., (2011, February 11), Egypt's Facebook Revolution: Wael Ghonim Thanks The Social Network. 02 02, 2012 tarihinde The Huffington Post : http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/11/egypt-facebook-revolution-waelghonim_n_822078.html adresinden alındı.
  • Sorkin, J., (Fall 2001), The Tunisian Model. Middle East Quarterly, 25-29.
  • Spiegelonline International, (2011, March 20), Operation 'Odyssey Dawn': Gadhafi Defiant as Western Forces Pound Libya, 24.04.2013 tarihinde www.spiegel.de adresinden alındı.
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  • Strategic Concept for the Defence and Security of the Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Lisbon: NATO 2010, The International Institute For Strategic Studies, (2011 ), Bread and protests: the return of high food prices. Strategic Comment, Volume 17.
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  • Trager, E., (2011), Letter from Cairo . The New Arap revolt (s. 81). New York: Foreign Affairs. Un General Assambly, (2005, October 24), 2005 World Summit Outcome : resolution / adopted by the General Assembly, 19 February 2013 tarihinde http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/44168a910.html adresinden alındı.
  • Update 1-Egypt army: will not use violence against citizens, (2011, January 31), May 30, 2012 tarihinde Reuters Africa: http://af.reuters.com/article/egyptNews/idAFLDE70U2JC20110131 adresinden alındı.
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  • Vlademir, F., (2011, Auğust 12), Russia joins UN sanctions against Libya and Muammar Gaddafi. June 25, 2012 tarihinde http://english.ruvr.ru adresinden alındı.
  • Wang,, Meyer, M., (9 October 2012). F.A.Q. on U.S. Aid to Egypt: Where Does the Money Go— And Who Decides How It’s Spent? ProPublica.
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  • Yavuz, C., Erdurmaz, S., (2012), Arap Baharı ve Türkiye. Ankara, Türkiye: Berikan Yayınevi.
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Toplam 90 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Ali Serdar Erdurmaz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdurmaz, A. S. (2013). TUNUS, MISIR VE LİBYA’DAKİ İÇ VE DIŞ DİNAMİKLERİN ARAP BAHARI’NIN GERÇEKLEŞMESİNDE ETKİLERİ. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(3), 39-63.
AMA Erdurmaz AS. TUNUS, MISIR VE LİBYA’DAKİ İÇ VE DIŞ DİNAMİKLERİN ARAP BAHARI’NIN GERÇEKLEŞMESİNDE ETKİLERİ. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. Ocak 2013;2(3):39-63.
Chicago Erdurmaz, Ali Serdar. “TUNUS, MISIR VE LİBYA’DAKİ İÇ VE DIŞ DİNAMİKLERİN ARAP BAHARI’NIN GERÇEKLEŞMESİNDE ETKİLERİ”. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2, sy. 3 (Ocak 2013): 39-63.
EndNote Erdurmaz AS (01 Ocak 2013) TUNUS, MISIR VE LİBYA’DAKİ İÇ VE DIŞ DİNAMİKLERİN ARAP BAHARI’NIN GERÇEKLEŞMESİNDE ETKİLERİ. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2 3 39–63.
IEEE A. S. Erdurmaz, “TUNUS, MISIR VE LİBYA’DAKİ İÇ VE DIŞ DİNAMİKLERİN ARAP BAHARI’NIN GERÇEKLEŞMESİNDE ETKİLERİ”, Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 2, sy. 3, ss. 39–63, 2013.
ISNAD Erdurmaz, Ali Serdar. “TUNUS, MISIR VE LİBYA’DAKİ İÇ VE DIŞ DİNAMİKLERİN ARAP BAHARI’NIN GERÇEKLEŞMESİNDE ETKİLERİ”. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2/3 (Ocak 2013), 39-63.
JAMA Erdurmaz AS. TUNUS, MISIR VE LİBYA’DAKİ İÇ VE DIŞ DİNAMİKLERİN ARAP BAHARI’NIN GERÇEKLEŞMESİNDE ETKİLERİ. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2013;2:39–63.
MLA Erdurmaz, Ali Serdar. “TUNUS, MISIR VE LİBYA’DAKİ İÇ VE DIŞ DİNAMİKLERİN ARAP BAHARI’NIN GERÇEKLEŞMESİNDE ETKİLERİ”. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 2, sy. 3, 2013, ss. 39-63.
Vancouver Erdurmaz AS. TUNUS, MISIR VE LİBYA’DAKİ İÇ VE DIŞ DİNAMİKLERİN ARAP BAHARI’NIN GERÇEKLEŞMESİNDE ETKİLERİ. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2013;2(3):39-63.