John Maynard Keynes’in Yaşamı ve İktisadi Düşüncesinin Gelişimi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 11, 7 - 16, 01.01.2017

Mehmet Tomanbay

Öz

John Maynard Keynes makro ekonominin temellerini atan ve Keynesyen İktisat olarak da bilinen iktisadi düşüncenin kurucusudur. Pırıltılı bir eğitim ve çalışma yaşamı olan John Maynard Keynes’in iktisadi düşünceleri 1929 Dünya Buhranı ve İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın neden olduğu büyük iktisadi sorunlarla dolu yıllarda oluşmuştur. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında yeni bir ekonomik Dünya düzeni kurmak için ABD’nin Bretton Woods kasabasında toplanan ve kasabanın adıyla anılan konferansta İngiltere adına “Keynes Planı”nı sunmuştur. Konferansta ABD’nin Maliye Bakanı’nın planı kabul edilmiş ancak bu planda da Keynes’in büyük katkıları yer almıştır. Keynes ayrıca, 1929 Dünya Buhranı’na kadar, kriz dönemlerinde piyasanın bozulan dengesinin otomatik olarak düzeleceğini varsayan ve bu nedenle piyasaya hükümetlerin müdahale etmemesini öneren Klasik İktisat okulunun varsayımlarının yanlışlığını ortaya koymuştur. Klasik iktisadın yanlış olduğunu gösterdiği serbest piyasacı varsayımları yerine hükümet müdahalesiyle ekonomide bozulan dengelerin uzun süre beklemeden yeniden kurulabileceğini ve böylelikle makro iktisadi sorunların çözülebileceğini savunan varsayımlar geliştirmiş ve Keynesgil İktisadın temellerini atmıştır

JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES’S LIFE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC THOUGHTS

Öz

John Maynard Keynes laid the groundwork for the basis of macro economics and founded the economic school of thought that has come to be known as Keynesian economics. Keynes, who had a prolific educational and professional life, first conceived his works on economic thought during the Great Depression of 1929 and during the period of enormous economic turmoil that led to World War II. After World War II, at the Bretton Woods conference, which was named after the town in the USA where it was held -for the purpose of establishing a new economic world order, John Maynard Keynes presented the “Keynes Plan” on behalf of England. At the conference, the United States Secretary of the Treasury’s plan was passed; however, Keynes contributed greatly to it. Additionally, up until the Great Depression of 1929, Keynes continued to challenge the Classical School of Economics which proposed that markets would self-correct during times of crisis and that government intervention was not necessary. Instead of free market theories of classical economics that proved to be flawed, Keynes developed a new theory that with government intervention, market stability could be reestablished and macro economic problems could be solved and thus sowed the seeds of Keynesian economics

Kaynakça

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