Dijital Çağda E-Öğrenme Ortamlarının Kalitesini Artırmaya Yönelik Gerçekleştirilen Uluslararası Çalışmalar

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 16, 165 - 182, 01.06.2019

Mesut Ünlü

Öz

Bu çalışma, dijital çağda e-öğrenme ortamlarının kalitesini arttırmaya yönelik gerçekleştirilen uluslararası çalışmaları ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bilgi iletişim ortamlarında yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler ile dünyayı dijital ortamlarda algılayan ve davranışsal olarak önceki nesillerden farklı özelliklere sahip yeni bir neslin ortaya çıkışı, eğitim-öğretim süreçlerinin e-öğrenme ortamlarına taşınmasına neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle, eğitimde e-öğrenme süreçlerinin kalitesinin arttırılması ve güvence altına alınması için ulusal ve uluslararası çalışmaların yapılması önem kazanmıştır. Literatür alanyazın taraması sonucunda elde edilen belgelerin doküman analiz edildiği bu çalışmada, Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde yapılan çalışmalara yer verilmiştir. Eğitimde ve özellikle e-öğrenmede kalitenin gelişimi Avrupa’da önemi giderek artan bir gündem haline gelmiştir. Avrupa’da e-öğrenmede kaliteye ulaşmak için yürütülen çalışmaların en önemli aktörlerinin Avrupa Komisyonu ile Avrupa Yüksek Öğretimde Kalite Güvencesi Derneği’nin olduğu söylenebilir. Amerika’da yürütülen Quality Matters Programı, çevrimiçi derslerin kalitesini belgelendirmek için rubrikler oluşturmuş ve bu çalışmalar ulusal kalite süreçleri haline gelmiştir. Diğer taraftan, eöğrenmede kaliteyi sağlamak için farklı kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından farklı yaklaşımlar ve standartlar geliştirildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, e-öğrenmede kaliteye ulaşmak için dijital çağdaki yeni teknolojiler ile öğrencilerin özellikleri ve ihtiyaçları göz önüne alınmalı, özellikle bilginin tek yönlü iletişim kanalı üzerinden aktarılmasını hedefleyen geleneksel kampüs temelli öğretim dijital boyutta yeniden tasarlanmalıdır

Anahtar Kelimeler

dijital çağ, e-öğrenme, e-öğrenme teknolojileri, kalite

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ON IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF E-LEARNING ENVİRONMENTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Öz

This study has been carried out in order to reveal the international studies carried out in order to improve the quality of e-learning environments in the digital age. The emergence of the technological developments in information communication environments and existence of a new generation that perceives the world in digital environments and has behaviorally different characteristics than previous generations has led to the transfer of education and training processes to e-learning environments. For this reason, it has become important to carry out national and international studies in order to improve and assure the quality of e-learning processes in education. This study including studies carried out in the European Union countries and the United States of America was based on document analysis gathered from literature review. It can be said that the most important actors of the studies carried out to achieve quality in e-learning in Europe are the European Commission and the European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education. The Quality Matters Program in the United States has created rubrics with national criteria to document the quality of online courses and online components, and these studies have become nationally recognized for faculty-centered quality processes. On the other hand, it has been concluded that different approaches and standards have been developed by different institutions and organizations to ensure quality in elearning. As a result, in order to achieve quality in e-learning, new technologies in the digital age should be taken into consideration with the characteristics and needs of students, and the traditional campusbased teaching aiming at the transmission of information through one-way communication channel should be redesigned in digital dimension.

Anahtar Kelimeler

digital age, e-learning, e-learning technologies, quality

Kaynakça

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