Harold Pinter’in Kapıcı Adlı Oyununa Freudçu Psikanalitik Yaklaşım

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 17, 97 - 110, 01.01.2020

Özkan Kırmızı Zeynep Kurt Yıldız

Öz

Modern toplumlarda bireylerin yabancılaşma ve iletişim kaybı sıkıntısı çektiği gözlemlenebilir. Ruhsal bozukluklar, psikolojik sıkıntı ve nörotik rahatsızlıkların nedenleri arasında bireysel farklılıkların yanı sıra sosyal ve kültürel koşulların olduğunu varsayılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sosyal yabancılaşma teorisi ile Freudçu psikanalitik nevroz teorisi kavramlarını ilişkilendirerek nörotik bozuklukların altında yatan başlıca nedenleri derinlemesine incelemek amacıyla toplumun ve otoriter güçlerin rolü sorgulanacaktır. Bu nedenle Harold Pinter tarafından yazılan The Caretaker Kapıcı 1960 , bireylerin yaşamındaki iç ve dış güçler göz önünde bulundurularak incelenecektir. Bu makale, dış güçlerin baskı ve otoriter güçlerin altında olan bireyin psikolojisi üzerindeki etkisini açığa çıkarmak amacıyla oyunu Freudçu psikoanalitik bakış açısından incelemeyi ve yorumlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma öncelikle Freudçu Psikanalitik Teori ve Absürt Tiyatro'ya kısaca değinmekte ve sonrasında da The Caretaker Kapıcı oyunu hakkında kısa bilgi vermektedir. Sonrasında ise oyunun Freudçu Psikanalitik Teori açısından analizi üzerinde durmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Caretaker Kapıcı, Freud, Psikanaliz, toplum, nörotik bozukluk, yabancılaşma

A FREUDIAN PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH TO HAROLD PINTER’S THE CARETAKER

Öz

In modern societies, it can be observed that individuals suffer from alienation and loss of communication. Apart from individual differences, social and cultural conditions are assumed among the reasons behind mental disorders, psychological distress and neurotic disabilities. In this study, the role of society and authoritative forces will be questioned to scrutinize the core reasons behind the neurotic disorders through correlating the concepts of social theory of alienation and the Freudian psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. Therefore, The Caretaker 1960 , by Harold Pinter, will be examined by taking into consideration the internal and external forces in individuals’ life. The paper aims to examine and interpret the play from the Freudian psychoanalytic perspective in order to disclose the effect of external forces on individuals’ psyche under the condition of oppression and authoritative forces. In the first place, the study touches shortly upon the Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory and the Theatre of the Absurd and then gives brief information about the play, The Caretaker. Later, the study dwells on the analysis of the play from the point of the Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Caretaker, Freud, Psychoanalysis, society, neurotic disorder, alienation

Kaynakça

• Bennett, M. Y. (2015). The Cambridge Introduction to Theatre and Literature of the Absurd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Burkman, K. H. (1971). The Dramatic World of Harold Pinter: Its Basis in Ritual Ohio: Ohio State University Press.
• Camus, A. (1942). Le Mythe de Sisyphe, Paris: Gallimard, p. 18.
• Eagleton, T. (1996). Literary theory: An introduction. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, pp.67.
• Esslin, M. (1980). The Theatre of the Absurd. New York: Penguin.
• Fenichel, O. (1999). The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis. London: Routledge.
• Freud, S. (1921), Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego.SE, 21: 69. London: Hogarth Press.
• Freud, S. (1933), New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis.SE, 23:179. London: Hogarth Press
• Freud, S. (1962). Civilization and its Discontents. (Strachey, J, Trans.). New York: W.W. Norton, pp.34-91.
• Freud, S., & Strachey, J. (1961). The Future of an Illusion. New York: Norton.
• Gillen, F. (1983). Nowhere to Go: Society and the Individual in Harold Pinter’s The Hothouse, Twentieth Century Literature, 1983, 29(1) pp-86-96.
• Hossain, M. (2017). Psychoanalytic Theory used in English Literature: A Descriptive Study, Global Journal of Human-Social Science: Linguistics & Education, 2017, pp 41-42.
• Jamil, A. (2014). An Analysis of Society’s Role in Creating Neurotics: A Psychoanalytic Reading of Pinter’s The Caretaker, International Journal of Education and Research, 2(5), 81-88.
• Krupat, E. (1985). People in Cities, The Urban Environment and its effects Cambridge University Press.
• Parker, I. (2015) Psychology after psychoanalysis: psychosocial studies and beyond, England: Routledge.
• Pinter, H. (1960). The Caretaker, Essex: Faber and Faber.
• Prentice, P. (1991). Harold Pinter, Life, Work and Criticism, Fredericton: York Press
• Prentice, P. (2000). The Pinter Ethic: The Erotic Aesthetic. New York: Garland Publishing.
• Rennison, N. (2001). Freud and Psychoanalysis. Pocket Essentials; Poc edition, pp. 38-40.
• Russon, J. (2003). Human Experience: Philosophy, Neurosis, and the Elements of Everyday Life, New York: University of New York Press, pp. 126.
• Terry, E. (1996). Literary Theory: An Introduction. South Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press.
• Watt, S. (1998). Post-Modern Drama: Reading the Contemporary Stage, Michigan: Michigan University Press.
• Vairavan, C. (2018). Mechanisms in Harold Pinter’s The Caretake, Asian Review of Social Sciences, 2018, 7(2) pp. 69.
• Camus, A. (1942). Le Mythe de Sisyphe, Paris: Gallimard, p. 18.
• Eagleton, T. (1996). Literary theory: An introduction. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, pp.67.
• Esslin, M. (1980). The Theatre of the Absurd. New York: Penguin.
• Fenichel, O. (1999). The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis. London: Routledge.
• Freud, S. (1921), Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego.SE, 21: 69. London: Hogarth Press.
• Freud, S. (1933), New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis.SE, 23:179. London: Hogarth Press
• Freud, S. (1962). Civilization and its Discontents. (Strachey, J, Trans.). New York: W.W. Norton, pp.34-91.
• Freud, S., & Strachey, J. (1961). The Future of an Illusion. New York: Norton.
• Gillen, F. (1983). Nowhere to Go: Society and the Individual in Harold Pinter’s The Hothouse, Twentieth Century Literature, 1983, 29(1) pp-86-96.
• Hossain, M. (2017). Psychoanalytic Theory used in English Literature: A Descriptive Study, Global Journal of Human-Social Science: Linguistics & Education, 2017, pp 41-42.
• Jamil, A. (2014). An Analysis of Society’s Role in Creating Neurotics: A Psychoanalytic Reading of Pinter’s The Caretaker, International Journal of Education and Research, 2(5), 81-88.
• Krupat, E. (1985). People in Cities, The Urban Environment and its effects Cambridge University Press.
• Parker, I. (2015) Psychology after psychoanalysis: psychosocial studies and beyond, England: Routledge.
• Pinter, H. (1960). The Caretaker, Essex: Faber and Faber.
• Prentice, P. (1991). Harold Pinter, Life, Work and Criticism, Fredericton: York Press
• Prentice, P. (2000). The Pinter Ethic: The Erotic Aesthetic. New York: Garland Publishing.
• Rennison, N. (2001). Freud and Psychoanalysis. Pocket Essentials; Poc edition, pp. 38-40.
• Russon, J. (2003). Human Experience: Philosophy, Neurosis, and the Elements of Everyday Life, New York: University of New York Press, pp. 126.
• Terry, E. (1996). Literary Theory: An Introduction. South Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press.
• Watt, S. (1998). Post-Modern Drama: Reading the Contemporary Stage, Michigan: Michigan University Press.
• Vairavan, C. (2018). Mechanisms in Harold Pinter’s The Caretake, Asian Review of Social Sciences, 2018, 7(2) pp. 69.