GENEL OTİZM FENOTİPİNDE YÜZ İFADELERİNDEN DUYGU TANIMA BECERİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 20, 91 - 106, 30.12.2021

İlayda Türk Höl

Öz

Otizm spektrum bozukluğuna sahip bireyler yüz ifadeleriyle ortaya konan duyguları anlamakta zorluk yaşamaktadırlar. Özellikle korku ve öfke gibi bilgilendirici yüz bölgesinin gözler olduğu duyguları tanımakta nörotipik bireylere kıyasla zorluk göstermektedirler. Tipik gelişim gösteren ancak klinik seviyeye ulaşmamış düzeyde çeşitli otizm benzeri özellikleri farklı derecelerde ortaya koyan bireyler genel otizm fenotipi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, tipik gelişim gösteren bireylerin yüz ifadelerinden duygu tanıma becerilerini genel otizm fenotipi kapsamında incelemiştir. Otizm katsayılarına göre düşük ve yüksek olarak gruplandırılmış katılımcılara duygusal yüz ifadeleri sergileyen modellerin fotoğraflarının gösterildiği duygu sınıflandırma ödevi verilmiştir ve katılımcılardan duyguları sınıflandırmaları istenirken tepki süreleri ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar otizm katsayısı yüksek olan grubun duygu tanımlama becerilerinin bozulmamış olduğunu ancak tanımlayıcı yüz bölgesi gözler olan öfke ve korku duygularını anlayabilmek için otizm katsayısı düşük olan gruba kıyasla daha fazla zamana ihtiyaç duyduklarını ortaya koymuştur. Bu durum göreceli olarak daha fazla otizm özellikleri gösteren nörotipik bireylerde duyguları tanıma performansı ve bu performans için harcanan süre arasında bilişsel bir ödün verme davranışı olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, genel otizm fenotipi, yüz ifadeleri, duygu tanımlama

INVESTIGATION OF EMOTION RECOGNITION ABILITIES FROM FACIAL EXPRESSIONS IN BROADER AUTISM PHENOTYPE

Öz

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders display deficits in recognizing emotions from facial expressions. This is especially pronounced when the informative facial region is the eye area for emotions such as fear and anger. Typically developing individuals with sub-clinical levels of autism-like behaviours in varying degrees are called broader autism phenotype. Current study investigated emotion recognition skills from facial expressions in broader autism phenotype. Participants were grouped based on their autism quotients as high and low and were asked to complete an emotion classification task, where photographs of models displayed emotional facial expressions. Their reaction times were also measured. Results yielded that emotion recognition abilities of individuals with high autism-like behaviours are intact. But these individuals needed more time to recognize emotions like anger and fear, of which informative facial region is the eye area, in comparison to the low autism quotient group. This suggests that there is a cognitive trade-off between the effort for emotion recognition and reaction times in neurotypical individuals with relatively higher autism-like behaviours.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Autism spectrum disorder, broader autism phenotype, emotion recognition, facial expressions

Kaynakça

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