Konfederalizm Alternatifi: Gürcü-Oset Çatışmasının Çözümü İçin Yeni Anayasal Düzen

Öz

Bu makale, Gürcü-Oset ihtilafını güncel gelişmeleri hesaba katarak incelemekte ve ihtilafın çözümüne ilişkin bir öneri sunmaktadır. Çalışmamıza göre, Gürcistan ve Güney Osetya tarafından anayasal düzlemde ete kemiğe büründürülecek konfederal düzen, iki toplum arasındaki husumetleri ve güvensizliği bertaraf etme sürecine katkı sunabilir. Konfederalleşme, kısa vadede Güney Osetya’nın menfaatine bir durumdur; ancak konfederalleşme adımları vasıtasıyla uzun vadede tezahür edecek pek çok potansiyel gelişme, iki toplum için birlikte yaşamı devam ettirecekleri kamusal alanın inşasına yardımcı olabilir. Gürcü ve Oset otoriteleri tarafından konfederal uygulamalar aracılığıyla pratiğe dökülecek birçok iş birliği ve bütünleşmeci operasyon, kökleşen husumetler ile kurumsallaşan güvensizliği kademeli olarak ortadan kaldırabilir. Bu durum, bölgesel veyahut ulusal bağlılıkların süreç içerisinde konfederal bağlılıklara dönüşmesini beraberinde getirebilir. İki topluluk, somutlaşan konfederal bağlılıkların neticesi olarak ortaya çıkan karşılıklı güven atmosferi içerisinde siyasi devlet teşkilatlanmalarını federal ya da üniter bir yapıya evirebilir. Söz konusu evrilme, gerek tarihî konfederasyonlarca tamamlanmış gerekse güncel konfederal yapılanmalarca takip edilen bir süreçtir. Gürcü ve Oset pozisyonlarını dikkate alarak konfederalleşme önerisini geliştiren çalışmamız, bu önerinin ciddi bir alternatif çözüm yolu teşkil edebileceğini Gürcü devletinin mevcut askerî, ekonomik ve siyasi kabiliyetleri gibi çeşitli dinamikleri göz önünde bulundurarak izah etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gürcistan
• Güney Osetya
• Donmuş İhtilaf
• Egemenlik
• Konfederalleşme

The Alternative of Confederalism: A New Constitutional Order for the Resolution of the Georgian- Ossetian Conflict

Öz

This article examines the Georgian-Ossetian conflict by considering recent developments and comes up with a formula for the resolution of the conflict. According to the article, a new confederal order that takes its shape at the constitutional level would contribute to the cessation of the rooted hostilities and the elimination of the institutionalised doubts between the two communities. South Ossetia would benefit from the confederal order in the short run; however, the order would, in the long run, create a public area where the two communities would coexist in a peaceful manner. Collaborationist and integrationist steps taken by the Georgian and Ossetian authorities after the construction of the confederal order would gradually cease the hostilities and eliminate the doubts, ultimately leading to the transformation of regional or national loyalties into confederal allegiances. These allegiances would establish an environment of mutual trust encouraging the communities to turn their confederal union into a federation or unitary state. Such unionist and holistic transformation processes have been completed by historical confederations. Furthermore, present confederal organisations are also carrying out such processes. The article taking into account various matters, e.g. the current Georgian and Ossetian standpoints as well as the present military, financial and political capabilities of the Georgian state, recognises its confederal formula as a worth-examining alternative.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Georgia
• South Ossetia
• Frozen Conflict
• Sovereignty
• Confederalism

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