Factors Affecting Bank Profitability in Türkiye

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting commercial bank profitability in Türkiye using panel data analysis for the period 2012-2023. In this framework, there are 240 observations of 20 deposit banks in the analysis. Return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are used as an indicator of profitability and dependent variables. The results of the analysis show that bank-specific determinants such as bank size, equity size and non-performing loans play a significant impact on bank profitability. The only macroeconomic factors affecting bank performance is the inflation. Bank size, equity size and inflation play significant and positive role in explaining bank profits, while the effect of non-performing loans is negative. It means that the high profitability of Turkish banks is generally associated with well-capitalized banks with high lending capacity and low credit risk with effective cost management is important for the banking system. Finally, the estimated effect of external variables except inflation did not support the significant effect on bank performance

Keywords

• Bank Profitability
• Commercial Banks
• Panel Data Analysis

Türkiye’de Banka Karlılığını Etkileyen Faktörler

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki ticari banka kârlılığını etkileyen faktörleri 2012-2023 dönemi için panel veri analizi kullanarak incelemektir. Bu çerçevede analizde 20 mevduat bankasına ait 240 gözlem yer almaktadır. Kârlılığın ve bağımlı değişkenlerin göstergesi olarak aktif kârlılığı (ROA) ve özsermaye kârlılığı (ROE) kullanılmaktadır. Banka büyüklüğü, özsermaye büyüklüğü ve takipteki krediler gibi bankaya özgü belirleyiciler banka karlılığı üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. The only macroeconomic factors affecting bank performance is the inflation. Banka büyüklüğü, özsermaye büyüklüğü ve enflasyon değişimi banka karlarını açıklamada anlamlı ve pozitif rol oynarken, takipteki kredilerin etkisi ise negatif yöndedir. Bu durum Türk bankalarının yüksek kârlılığının genel olarak iyi sermayeli, yüksek kredi verme kapasitesine sahip bankalarla ilişkilendirildiği ve etkin maliyet yönetimi ile düşük kredi riskinin bankacılık sistemi açısından önemli olduğu anlamını taşır. Son olarak enflasyon dışındaki dışsal değişkenlerin banka performansı üzerinde tahmini etkisi anlamlı düzeyde değildir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Banka Karlılığı
• Ticari Bankalar
• Panel Veri Analizi

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