Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye’de Banka Karlılığını Etkileyen Faktörler

Yıl 2024, , 214 - 226, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1536978

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki ticari banka kârlılığını etkileyen faktörleri 2012-2023 dönemi için panel veri analizi kullanarak incelemektir. Bu çerçevede analizde 20 mevduat bankasına ait 240 gözlem yer almaktadır. Kârlılığın ve bağımlı değişkenlerin göstergesi olarak aktif kârlılığı (ROA) ve özsermaye kârlılığı (ROE) kullanılmaktadır. Banka büyüklüğü, özsermaye büyüklüğü ve takipteki krediler gibi bankaya özgü belirleyiciler banka karlılığı üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. The only macroeconomic factors affecting bank performance is the inflation. Banka büyüklüğü, özsermaye büyüklüğü ve enflasyon değişimi banka karlarını açıklamada anlamlı ve pozitif rol oynarken, takipteki kredilerin etkisi ise negatif yöndedir. Bu durum Türk bankalarının yüksek kârlılığının genel olarak iyi sermayeli, yüksek kredi verme kapasitesine sahip bankalarla ilişkilendirildiği ve etkin maliyet yönetimi ile düşük kredi riskinin bankacılık sistemi açısından önemli olduğu anlamını taşır. Son olarak enflasyon dışındaki dışsal değişkenlerin banka performansı üzerinde tahmini etkisi anlamlı düzeyde değildir.

Kaynakça

  • Abbasoglu, O.F., Aysan, A.F., & Gunes, A. (2007). Concentration, competition, efficiency and profitability of the Turkish banking sector in the post-crises period. MPRA Paper, No:5494,1-21.
  • Abdilahi, R.A., & Davis, E.P. (2023). Econometric analysis of the determinants of bank profitability in three major African. countries: Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. Economics and Finance Working Paper Series, No:2206,1-44.
  • Adelopo, I., Lloydking, R., & Tauringana, V. (2018). Determinants of bank profitability before, during, and after the financial crisis. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 14 (4), 378-398.
  • Akbaş, H.E. (2012). Determinants of bank profitability: An investigation on Turkish banking sector. Öneri Dergisi, 10(37),103-110.
  • Alper, D., & Anbar, A. (2011). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of commercial bank profitability: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(2), 139-152.
  • Athanasoglou, P.P., Brissimis,S.N. & Delis, M.D. (2005). Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability. MPRA Paper, 25, 1-35.
  • Bal, H., & Sönmezer, S. (2022). Determinants of the profitability of banking sector in Turkey. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 23(1), 243-254.
  • Bayrakcı, N.G. (2022). Analysis of the factors affecting the profitability of banks in Turkey by Lasso Regression. AYBU Business Journal, 2(1), 46-57.
  • Belke, M., & Unal, E.A. (2017). Determinants of bank profitability: Evidence from listed and non-listed banks in Turkey. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting, 4(4), 404-416.
  • Beltratti, A., Stulz R.M. (2012).The credit crisis around the globe: Why did some banks perform better? Journal of Financial Economics, 105, 1-17.
  • Ben Naceur, S. & Goaied, M. (2008). The determinants of commercial bank interest margin and profitability: Evidence from Tunisia. Frontiers in Finance and Economics, 5(1), 106–130.
  • Bouzgarrou, H., Jouida, S., & Louhicki, W. (2018). Bank profitability during and before the financial crises: Domestic versus foreign banks. Research in International Business and Finance, (44), 26–39.
  • BRSA Report (2023). https://www.bddk.org.tr/KurumHakkinda/EkGetir/5?ekId=262
  • Büyükoğlu, B. (2023). Yerli ve yabancı mevduat bankalarında içsel ve dışsal faktörlerin karlılığa etkileri. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 15(28), 104-121.
  • Davydenko, A. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability in Ukraine. Undergraduate Economic Review, 7(1), 1-30.
  • Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Huizinga, H. (1999). Determinants of commercial bank interest margins and profitability: Some international evidence. World Bank Economic Review,13, 379–408.
  • Demirhan, D. (2013). Effect of the recent financial crises on the determinants of bank profitability: Case of Turkish banking industry. Journal of Yasar University, 8(31), 5203-5228.
  • Dietrich, A., & Wanzenried, G. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability before and during the crisis: Evidence from Switzerland. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 21(3), 307-327.
  • Djalilov, K., & Piesse, J. (2016). Determinants of bank profitability in Transition countries: What matters most? Research in International Business and Finance, 38, 69-82.
  • Doğan, M., & Yildiz, F. (2023). Testing the factors that determine the profitability of banks with a dynamic approach: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 1, 225-248.
  • Erdoğan, B. (2024). Analysis of factors influencing banks’ profitability using panel data models. Journal of Life Economics, 11(4). 165-174.
  • Flamini, V., McDonald, C.A. & Schumacher, L.B. (2009). The determinants of commercial bank profitability in Sub-Saharan Africa. IMF Working Papers, 1-30.
  • Goddard, J., Molyneux, P. & Wilson, J.O.S. (2004). Dynamics of growth and profitability in banking. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 36, 1069-1090.
  • Javaid, S., Anwar, J., Zaman, K., & Ghafoor, A. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability in Pakistan. Internal Factor Analysis. Journal of Yasar University, 23(6), 3794-3804.
  • Karadayi, N. (2023). Determinants of return on assets. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(3), 37-44.
  • Kohlscheen, E., Murcia, A. & Contreras, J. (2018). Determinants of Bank Profitability in Emerging Markets. BIS Working Papers, 686, 1-26.
  • Le, T.D., & Ngo,T. (2020). The determinants of bank profitability: A cross- country analysis. Central Bank Review, 20(2), 65-73.
  • Mashamba, T., & Chikutuma, C.N. (2023). The determinants of bank profitability: Evidence from the emerging economy. Corporate & Business Strategy Review, 4(4), 310-323.
  • Ozcan, I. (2017). Internal determinants of profitability of state, private and foreign owned commercial banks operating in Turkey. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting, 4(3), 2148-6697.
  • Ozgur, O., & Gorus, M.S (2016). Determinants of deposit bank profitability: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 6(3), 218-231.
  • Peterson, O. (2021). Bank profitability determinants: Comparing the United States, Nigeria and South Africa. MPRA Paper, (105638), 1-21.
  • Petria, N., Capraru, B., & Ihnatov, I. (2015). Determinants of banks’ profitability: Evidence from EU 27 banking systems. Procedia Economics and Finance, (20), 518-524.
  • Ramadan, I.Z., Kilani, Q.A., & Kaddumi, T.A. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability: Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(4), 180-191.
  • Sayilgan, G., & Yildirim, O. (2009). Determinants of profitability in Turkish banking sector: 2002-2007. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 28, 207-214.
  • Sufian, F., & Chong, R.R. (2008). Determinants of bank profitability in a developing economy: Empirical evidence from the Philippines. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance. 4(2), 91-112.
  • Sufian, F., & Habibullah, M.S. (2010). Assessing the impact of financial crisis on bank performance: Empirical evidence from Indonesia. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 245-262.
  • Taylor, D., Sarpong, B., & Cudjoe, E.Y. (2017). Cost efficiency and bank profitability during health crises. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(2), 574-584.
  • Topak, M.S., & Talu, N.H. (2017). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability: Evidence from Turkey. Applied Economics Letters, 31(8), 732-737.
  • Turgutlu, E. (2014). Dynamics of profitability in the Turkish banking industry. Ege Academic Review, 14(1), 43-52.

Factors Affecting Bank Profitability in Türkiye

Yıl 2024, , 214 - 226, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1536978

Öz

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting commercial bank profitability in Türkiye using panel data analysis for the period 2012-2023. In this framework, there are 240 observations of 20 deposit banks in the analysis. Return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are used as an indicator of profitability and dependent variables. The results of the analysis show that bank-specific determinants such as bank size, equity size and non-performing loans play a significant impact on bank profitability. The only macroeconomic factors affecting bank performance is the inflation. Bank size, equity size and inflation play significant and positive role in explaining bank profits, while the effect of non-performing loans is negative. It means that the high profitability of Turkish banks is generally associated with well-capitalized banks with high lending capacity and low credit risk with effective cost management is important for the banking system. Finally, the estimated effect of external variables except inflation did not support the significant effect on bank performance

Kaynakça

  • Abbasoglu, O.F., Aysan, A.F., & Gunes, A. (2007). Concentration, competition, efficiency and profitability of the Turkish banking sector in the post-crises period. MPRA Paper, No:5494,1-21.
  • Abdilahi, R.A., & Davis, E.P. (2023). Econometric analysis of the determinants of bank profitability in three major African. countries: Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. Economics and Finance Working Paper Series, No:2206,1-44.
  • Adelopo, I., Lloydking, R., & Tauringana, V. (2018). Determinants of bank profitability before, during, and after the financial crisis. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 14 (4), 378-398.
  • Akbaş, H.E. (2012). Determinants of bank profitability: An investigation on Turkish banking sector. Öneri Dergisi, 10(37),103-110.
  • Alper, D., & Anbar, A. (2011). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of commercial bank profitability: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(2), 139-152.
  • Athanasoglou, P.P., Brissimis,S.N. & Delis, M.D. (2005). Bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability. MPRA Paper, 25, 1-35.
  • Bal, H., & Sönmezer, S. (2022). Determinants of the profitability of banking sector in Turkey. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 23(1), 243-254.
  • Bayrakcı, N.G. (2022). Analysis of the factors affecting the profitability of banks in Turkey by Lasso Regression. AYBU Business Journal, 2(1), 46-57.
  • Belke, M., & Unal, E.A. (2017). Determinants of bank profitability: Evidence from listed and non-listed banks in Turkey. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting, 4(4), 404-416.
  • Beltratti, A., Stulz R.M. (2012).The credit crisis around the globe: Why did some banks perform better? Journal of Financial Economics, 105, 1-17.
  • Ben Naceur, S. & Goaied, M. (2008). The determinants of commercial bank interest margin and profitability: Evidence from Tunisia. Frontiers in Finance and Economics, 5(1), 106–130.
  • Bouzgarrou, H., Jouida, S., & Louhicki, W. (2018). Bank profitability during and before the financial crises: Domestic versus foreign banks. Research in International Business and Finance, (44), 26–39.
  • BRSA Report (2023). https://www.bddk.org.tr/KurumHakkinda/EkGetir/5?ekId=262
  • Büyükoğlu, B. (2023). Yerli ve yabancı mevduat bankalarında içsel ve dışsal faktörlerin karlılığa etkileri. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 15(28), 104-121.
  • Davydenko, A. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability in Ukraine. Undergraduate Economic Review, 7(1), 1-30.
  • Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Huizinga, H. (1999). Determinants of commercial bank interest margins and profitability: Some international evidence. World Bank Economic Review,13, 379–408.
  • Demirhan, D. (2013). Effect of the recent financial crises on the determinants of bank profitability: Case of Turkish banking industry. Journal of Yasar University, 8(31), 5203-5228.
  • Dietrich, A., & Wanzenried, G. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability before and during the crisis: Evidence from Switzerland. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 21(3), 307-327.
  • Djalilov, K., & Piesse, J. (2016). Determinants of bank profitability in Transition countries: What matters most? Research in International Business and Finance, 38, 69-82.
  • Doğan, M., & Yildiz, F. (2023). Testing the factors that determine the profitability of banks with a dynamic approach: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 1, 225-248.
  • Erdoğan, B. (2024). Analysis of factors influencing banks’ profitability using panel data models. Journal of Life Economics, 11(4). 165-174.
  • Flamini, V., McDonald, C.A. & Schumacher, L.B. (2009). The determinants of commercial bank profitability in Sub-Saharan Africa. IMF Working Papers, 1-30.
  • Goddard, J., Molyneux, P. & Wilson, J.O.S. (2004). Dynamics of growth and profitability in banking. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 36, 1069-1090.
  • Javaid, S., Anwar, J., Zaman, K., & Ghafoor, A. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability in Pakistan. Internal Factor Analysis. Journal of Yasar University, 23(6), 3794-3804.
  • Karadayi, N. (2023). Determinants of return on assets. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(3), 37-44.
  • Kohlscheen, E., Murcia, A. & Contreras, J. (2018). Determinants of Bank Profitability in Emerging Markets. BIS Working Papers, 686, 1-26.
  • Le, T.D., & Ngo,T. (2020). The determinants of bank profitability: A cross- country analysis. Central Bank Review, 20(2), 65-73.
  • Mashamba, T., & Chikutuma, C.N. (2023). The determinants of bank profitability: Evidence from the emerging economy. Corporate & Business Strategy Review, 4(4), 310-323.
  • Ozcan, I. (2017). Internal determinants of profitability of state, private and foreign owned commercial banks operating in Turkey. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting, 4(3), 2148-6697.
  • Ozgur, O., & Gorus, M.S (2016). Determinants of deposit bank profitability: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 6(3), 218-231.
  • Peterson, O. (2021). Bank profitability determinants: Comparing the United States, Nigeria and South Africa. MPRA Paper, (105638), 1-21.
  • Petria, N., Capraru, B., & Ihnatov, I. (2015). Determinants of banks’ profitability: Evidence from EU 27 banking systems. Procedia Economics and Finance, (20), 518-524.
  • Ramadan, I.Z., Kilani, Q.A., & Kaddumi, T.A. (2011). Determinants of bank profitability: Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(4), 180-191.
  • Sayilgan, G., & Yildirim, O. (2009). Determinants of profitability in Turkish banking sector: 2002-2007. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 28, 207-214.
  • Sufian, F., & Chong, R.R. (2008). Determinants of bank profitability in a developing economy: Empirical evidence from the Philippines. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance. 4(2), 91-112.
  • Sufian, F., & Habibullah, M.S. (2010). Assessing the impact of financial crisis on bank performance: Empirical evidence from Indonesia. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 245-262.
  • Taylor, D., Sarpong, B., & Cudjoe, E.Y. (2017). Cost efficiency and bank profitability during health crises. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(2), 574-584.
  • Topak, M.S., & Talu, N.H. (2017). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability: Evidence from Turkey. Applied Economics Letters, 31(8), 732-737.
  • Turgutlu, E. (2014). Dynamics of profitability in the Turkish banking industry. Ege Academic Review, 14(1), 43-52.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Panel Veri Analizi , Sigorta Pazarlaması, Finansal Piyasalar ve Kurumlar
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Serpil Tomak

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Tomak, S. (2024). Factors Affecting Bank Profitability in Türkiye. International Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 6(4), 214-226. https://doi.org/10.54821/uiecd.1536978

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