TÜRKİYE’DE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN LİMAN İŞLETMELERİ VE BU İŞLETMELERİN ETKİNLİKLERİNİN VERİ ZARFLAMA ANALİZİ YÖNTEMİYLE ÖLÇÜMÜ

Öz

ÖZET: Limanların, bulundukları şehirlerin gelişmesinde önemli rolleri vardır. Ekonomik katkıları dikkate alındığında, limanların yerel, ulusal ve hatta uluslararası boyutta bir değer oldukları görülmektedir. Bölgedeki istihdam olanaklarını artırmanın yanı sıra limanlar, demiryolu ve karayolu altyapıları, organize sanayi ve serbest bölgeler, konteyner terminalleri ve gümrüklü antrepoların kurulması gibi altyapı olanaklarının gelişmesini de sağlamaktadırlar. Kısıtlı ekonomik olanaklarla faaliyet gösteren ve mevcut girdilerle en optimum çıktıları ortaya koyan her işletme gibi limanların etkinlikleri de hayati önemdedir. Etkinlik ölçümünde sıklıkla kullanılan ve çoklu girdi-çoklu çıktı durumlarında, benzer karar verme birimleri (KVB) arasında etkinlik ölçümünde güçlü sonuçlar veren Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA), her bir girdi ve çıktıya ayrı ayrı ağırlık vererek etkinliklerini belirlemekte, ayrıca referans kümeleriyle, etkin olabilmeleri için gerekli önerilerde bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada Türkiye’de mevcut liman işletmesinin etkinlik ölçümleri yapılmış ve ekonomik olarak geliştirilebilmeleri maksadıyla gerekli iyileştirme önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

ABSTRACT: Ports, has an important role in the development of their respective cities.  Regarding the economic contributions, it is obvious that ports are considered to be of local, national, even international assets. Besides their role in increasing employment opportunities in the region, they also ensure development in railway and highway infastructures, they provide growth in industrial zones and free zones, bonded warehouses and container terminals. Like every establishment which operates with limited resources and which gives the most optimum outputs with existing inputs, ports  operations are vital as well. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is frequently used in efficiency measurement  and gives the most reliable result with multiple input-multiple output situations and similar Decision Making Units (DMU’s), determines each input and output seperately to appropriate recommendations  with reference groups in order to be more effective. In this study, current port managements activities in Turkey is evaluated and the necessary improvements and suggestions were made which will develop their economy.

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