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A CRITIQUE OF ENERGY SECURITY MEASUREMENT

Yıl 2020, , 37 - 51, 22.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.29131/uiibd.832430

Öz

Enerji güvenliğinin sağlanması bütün dünya ülkelerinin ilgi alanında olsa da; enerji güvenliği ölçümü bir güçlük olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Enerji güvenliğini ölçmek için çeşitli göstergeler ve indeksler bulunmaktadır. Ancak enerji güvenliği ölçümü, bileşenlerini ölçmenin zorluğu ve kimi zaman da imkansızlığı nedeniyle komplike bir meseledir. Çünkü bileşenler bölgeler, ülkeler ve ayrıca dönemler ile farklılık göstermektedir. Bunun yanısıra her bir göstergenin ve indeksin kendi avantajları ve dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. Giderek artan enerji güvenliği araştırmalarına rağmen halen kabul edilmiş tek bir ölçüm metodu bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma uluslararası organizasyonlar ve hükümetler tarafından karşılaştırmalar yapmak ve politikalar üretmek için kullanılan gösterge ve indeksleri dikkate alarak, enerji güvenliği ölçümünün kapsamlı bir analizini sunmaktadır. Kaliteli ve güvenilir data elde etmede bir bariyer teşkil eden mevcut belirsizliğe dikkat çekmek amaçlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

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  • Badea, A. C. , Rocco, C. M. , Tarantola, S. , & Bolado, R. (2011). Composite indicators for security of energy supply using ordered weighted averaging. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safety. ,96, 651-62.
  • Bambawale, M. J. , & Sovacool, B. K. (2011). China's energy security: the perspective of energy users. Appl. Energy, 88(5), 1949-1956. Bazillian, M. , O'Leary, F. , O'Gallachoir, B. , & Howley, M. (2006). Security of Supply Metrics First Report. Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland.
  • Bedendo, M. , & Colla, P. (2015). Sovereign and corporate credit risk: evidence from the Eurozone. J. Corp. Financ. , 33:34-52.
  • Bhattacharyya, S. C. (2011). Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance. London:Springer.
  • Blumer, Y. B. , Moser, C. , Patt, A. , & Seidl, R. (2015). The precarious consensus on the importance of energy security: contrasting views between Swiss energy users and experts. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 52, 927-936.
  • Blyth, W. , & Lefevre, N. (2004). Energy security and climate change. Paris: IEA
  • Bohi, D. R. , & Toman, M. A. (1993). Energy security: externalities and policies. Energy Policy, 21, 1093-1109.
  • Böhringer, C. , & Bortolamedi, M. (2015). Sense and no(n)-sense of energy security indicators. Ecol. Econ. , 119, 359–371.
  • Böhringer, C. , & Jochem, P.E.P. (2007). Measuring the immeasurable —a survey of sustainability indices. Ecol. Econ. , 63, 1-8.
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A CRITIQUE OF ENERGY SECURITY MEASUREMENT

Yıl 2020, , 37 - 51, 22.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.29131/uiibd.832430

Öz

Although ensuring energy security is a key concern of the countries all over the world; measuring energy security remains a challenge. There are several indicators and indices to measure energy security. However energy security measurement is a complicated issue because of the difficulty and sometimes impossibility to measure its components. Because the components differ by regions, countries and also by periods. Besides each of the indicators and indices has its advantages and disadvantages. Despite the growing energy security research there is still not an accepted, single measurement method. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of energy security measurement referring to the indicators and indices used by international organizations and governments to make comparisons and to yield policies. It is aimed to call attention to existing vagueness as a barrier to get high-quality and reliable data. 

Kaynakça

  • APERC (2007). A Quest for Energy Security in the 21st Century: Resources and Constraints. Japan: APERC Institute Of Energy Economics.
  • Asif, M. , & Muneer, T. (2007). Energy supply, its demand and security issues for developed and emerging economies. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. , 11(7), 1388-1413.
  • Augutis, J. , Krikštolaitis, R. , Martišauskas,L. , & Pečiulytė, S. (2012). Energy security level assessment technology. Appl. Energy, 97, 143-149.
  • Azzuni, A. , & Breyer, Ch. (2018). Definitions and dimensions of energy security: a literature review. Energy Environ. , 7, 1-34.
  • Badea, A. C. (2010). Energy Security Indicators. Belgrade: EC JRC Institute For Energy, Energy Security Unit.
  • Badea, A. C. , Rocco, C. M. , Tarantola, S. , & Bolado, R. (2011). Composite indicators for security of energy supply using ordered weighted averaging. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safety. ,96, 651-62.
  • Bambawale, M. J. , & Sovacool, B. K. (2011). China's energy security: the perspective of energy users. Appl. Energy, 88(5), 1949-1956. Bazillian, M. , O'Leary, F. , O'Gallachoir, B. , & Howley, M. (2006). Security of Supply Metrics First Report. Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland.
  • Bedendo, M. , & Colla, P. (2015). Sovereign and corporate credit risk: evidence from the Eurozone. J. Corp. Financ. , 33:34-52.
  • Bhattacharyya, S. C. (2011). Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance. London:Springer.
  • Blumer, Y. B. , Moser, C. , Patt, A. , & Seidl, R. (2015). The precarious consensus on the importance of energy security: contrasting views between Swiss energy users and experts. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 52, 927-936.
  • Blyth, W. , & Lefevre, N. (2004). Energy security and climate change. Paris: IEA
  • Bohi, D. R. , & Toman, M. A. (1993). Energy security: externalities and policies. Energy Policy, 21, 1093-1109.
  • Böhringer, C. , & Bortolamedi, M. (2015). Sense and no(n)-sense of energy security indicators. Ecol. Econ. , 119, 359–371.
  • Böhringer, C. , & Jochem, P.E.P. (2007). Measuring the immeasurable —a survey of sustainability indices. Ecol. Econ. , 63, 1-8.
  • Brown, M. A. , Wang, Y. , Sovacool, B. K. , & D'Agostino, A. L. (2014). Forty years of energy security trends: a comparative assessment of 22 industrialized countries. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 4, 64–77.
  • Chang, M. C. (2014). Energy intensity, target level of energy intensity, and room for improvement in energy intensity: an application to the study of regions in the EU. Energy Policy, 67:648–55.
  • Chaudry, M, Ekins, P. , Ramachandran, K. , Shakoor, A. , Skea, J. , Strbac, G. , Wang, X. , & Whitaker, J. (2009). Building a Resilient UK Energy System. Working Paper. London: UK Energy Research Centre.
  • Cherp, A. , & Jewell, J.(2011a). Measuring energy security: from universal indicators to contextualized frameworks. In B. K. Sovacool (Ed.), The routhledge handbook of energy security (pp. 330-355). Lund:Routledge.
  • Cherp, A. , & Jewell, J. (2011b) The three perspectives on energy security: intellectual history, disciplinary roots and the potential for integration. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. , 3, 202-212.
  • Cherp, A. , & Jewell, J. , Vinichenko, V. , Bauer, N. , De Cian, E. (2016). Global energy security under different climate policies, GDP growth rates and fossil resource availabilities. Climatic Change, 136, 83-94.
  • Cherp, A. , Adenikinju, A. , Goldthau, A. , Hernandez, F. , Hughes, L. , Jansen, J. , Jewell, J. , Olshanskaya, M. , Soares de Oliveira, R. , Sovacool, B. K. , & Vakulenko, S. (2012). Chapter 5- Energy Security. In T. B. Johansson, A. Patwardhan, N. Nakicenovic, L. Gomez-Echeverri (Eds.), Global Energy Assessment - Toward a sustainable future (pp. 325-384). Cambridge: Cambridge University Pess.
  • Cherp, A. (2012). Defining energy security takes more than asking around. Energy Policy, 48, 841-842.
  • Cherp, A. , & Jewell, J. (2014). The concept of energy security: beyond the four As. Energy Policy, 75, 415-421,
  • Cherp, A. , & Jewell, J. (2013). Energy security assessment framework and three case-studies. In H. Dryer, M. J. Trombetta (Eds.), International Energy Security Handbook(pp. 146-173). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Chester, L. (2010). Conceptualizing energy security and making explicit its polysemic nature. Energy Policy, 38,887-895.
  • Christie, E. H. (2009). Energy vulnerability and EU-russia energy relations. J.Contemp. Eur. Res. , 5(2),274-292.
  • Ciuta, F. (2010). Conceptual Notes on Energy Security: Total or Banal Security? Security Dialogue, 41(2), 123-144
  • Cohen, G. , Joutz, F. , & Loungani, P. (2011). Measuring energy security: trends in thediversification of oil and natural gas supplies. Energy Policy, 39(9), 4860-4869.
  • Cox, E. (2016). Opening the black box of energy security: a study of conceptions of electricity security in the United Kingdom. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , 21, 1-11.
  • Cox, E. (2018). Assessing long-term energy security: the case of electricity in the United Kingdom. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 82, 2287-2299. de Jong, J. , Maters, H. , Scheepers,M. , & Seebregts, A. (2006). EU Standards for Energy Security of Supply. Netherlands: ECN/Clingendael International Energy Programme.
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  • Jewell, J. , Cherp, A. , & Riahi, K. (2014). Energy security under de-carbonization scenarios: an assessment framework and evaluation under different technology and policy choices. Energy Pol. , 65, 743-760.
  • Jewell, J. , Cherp, A. , Vinichenko, V. , Bauer, N. , Kober, T. , Mccollum, D. , van Vuuren, D. P. , & van Der Zwaan, B. (2013). Energy security of China, India, the E.U. and the U.S. under longterm scenarios. Clim. Change Econ. , 4(4), 1340011.
  • Jingzheng, R. , & Sovacool, B. K. (2014). Quantifying, measuring, and strategizing energy security: determining the most meaningful dimensions and metrics. Energy, 76, 838-849.
  • Jun, E. , Kim, W. , & Chang, S. H. (2009). The analysis of security cost for different energy sources. Appl. Energy, 86(10), 1894-1901.
  • Kanellakis, M. , Martinopoulos, G. , & Zachariadis, T. (2013). European energy policy—a review. Energy Policy, 62, 1020-1030.
  • Kaufmann, D. , Kraay, A. , & Mastruzzi, M. (2010). The worldwide governance indicators: methodology and analytical issues, Policy Research. Working Paper Series No. 5430. The World Bank.
  • Kisel, E. , Hamburg, A. , Härm,M. , Leppiman, A. , & Christie, M. O. (2016).Concept for energy security matrix. Energy Policy, 95, 1-9.
  • Krishnan, R. (2016). Energy security through a framework of country risks and vulnerabilities, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics. Planning, and Policy, 11(1), 32-37.
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  • Laldjebaev, M. , Sovacool, B. K. , & Kassam, K. A.S.(2016). Energy security, poverty, and sovereignty: complex interlinkages and compelling implications. In L. Guruswamy (Ed.), International Energy and Poverty: the Emerging Contours (pp. 97-112). UK: Routledge.
  • Le Coq, C. , & Paltseva, E. (2009). Measuring the security of external energy supply in the European Union. Energy Policy, 37, 4474-4481.
  • Lefevre, N. (2010). Measuring the energy security implications of fossil fuel resource concentration. Energy Policy, 38(4), 1635-1644.
  • Leung, G. C. K. (2011). China's energy security:perception and reality. Energy Policy, 39, 1330-1337.
  • Lima, F. , Portugal‐Pereira, J. , Lucena, A. F. , Rochedo, P. , Cunha, J. , Lopes Nunes, M. , & Szklo, A. S. (2015). Analysis of energy security and sustainability in future low carbon scenarios for Brazil. Nat. Resour. Forum, 39, 175-190.
  • Löschel, A. , Moslener, U. , & Rübbelke, D. T. G. (2010a). Energy security – concepts and indicators. Energy Pol. , 38, 1607-1608.
  • Löschel, A. , Moslener, U. , & Rübbelke, D. T. (2010b). Indicators of energy security in industrialised countries. Energy Policy, 38(4), 1665-1671.
  • Månsson, A. , Johansson, B. , & Nilsson, L. J. (2014). Assessing energy security: an overview of commonly used methodologies. Energy, 73, 1-14.
  • Martišauskas,L. , Augutis J. , & Krikštolaitis, R. (2018). Methodology for energy security assessment considering energy system resilience to disruptions. Energy Strategy Reviews, 22, 106-118 .
  • Martchamadol, J. , & Kumar, S. (2014). The aggregated energy security performance indicator (AESPI) at national and provincial level. Appl. Energy, 127, 219-238.
  • Mischke, P. , & Karlsson, K. B. (2014). Modelling tools to evaluate China's future energy system – a review of the Chinese perspective. Energy, 69, 132-143.
  • Molyneaux,L. , Brown, C. , Wagner, L. , & Foster, J. (2016). Measuring resilience in energy systems: insights from a range of disciplines. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 59, 1068-1079.
  • Narula, K. , & Reddy, B. S. (2016).A SES (sustainable energy security) index for developing countries. Energy, 94, 326-343.
  • Narula, K. , & Reddy, B. S. (2015). Three blind men and an elephant: the case of energy indices to measure energy security and energy sustainability. Energy, 80, 148-158.
  • Norvaiša, E. , & Galinis, A. (2016). Future of Lithuanian energy system: electricity import or local generation? Energy Strateg. Rev. , 10, 29-39.
  • O'Leary, F. , Bazillian, M. , Howley, M. , O'Gallachoir, B. , Blyth, W. , Scheepers, M. , Seebregts, A. , & Tol, R. (2007). Security of Supply in Ireland. Dublin: Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland.
  • Oshiro, K. , Kainuma, M. , & Masui, T. (2016). Assessing decarbonization pathways and their implications for energy security policies in Japan. Clim. Pol. , 16, 63-77.
  • Peña Balderrama, J. G. , Broad, O. , Sevillano, R. C. , Alejo, L. , & Howells, M. (2017). Technoeconomic demand projections and scenarios for the Bolivian energy system. Energy Strateg. Rev. , 16, 96-109.
  • Pleßmann, G. , & Blechinger, P. (2017). How to meet EU GHG emission reduction targets? A model based decarbonization pathway for Europe's electricity supply system until 2050. Energy Strateg. Rev. , 15, 19-32.
  • Radovanović, M. , Filipović, S. , & Golušin, V. (2017). Energy security measurement – A sustainable approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, 1020-1032.
  • Ren, J. Z. , & Sovacool, B. K. (2014). Quantifying, measuring, and strategizing energy security: determining the most meaningful dimensions and metrics. Energy, 76, 838-849.
  • Rose, A. , Wei, D. , & Paul, D. (2018). Economic consequences of and resilience to a disruption of petroleum trade: the role of seaports in U.S. energy security. Energy Pol. , 115, 584-615.
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  • Sovacool, B. K. (2011). Evaluating energy security in the Asia pacific: towards a more comprehensive approach. Energy Pol. , 39, 7472-7479.
  • Sovacool, B. K. (2013). An international assessment of energy security performance. Ecol. Econ. , 88, 148-158.
  • Sovacool, B. K. , & Mukherjee, I. (2011). Conceptualizing and measuring energy security: a synthesized approach. Energy, 36, 5343-5355.
  • Sovacool, B. K. , Mukherjee, I. , Drupady, I. M. , & D’Agostino, A. L. (2011). Evaluating energy security performance from 1990 to 2010 for eighteen countries. Energy, 36(10), 5846-5853.
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  • Sovacool, B. K. , Valentine, S. V. , Bambawale, M. J. , Brown, M. A. , de Fatima Cardoso, T. , Nurbek, S. , Suleimenova, G. , Li, J. , Xu, Y. , Jain, A. , Alhajji, A. F. , & Zubiri, A. (2012). Exploring propositions about perceptions of energy security:An international survey. Environ Sci. Policy, 16(1), 44-64.
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  • Suehiro, S. (2008). Energy intensity as an index of energy conservation: problems in international comparison of energy intensity of GDP and estimate using sector-based approach. IEEJ Energy J. , 7, 58-71.
  • Umbach, F. (2010). Global energy security and the implications for the EU. Energy Policy, 38, 1229-1240.
  • US Chamber of commerce. (2011). Index of US Energy Security Risk 2012. Washington:US Chamber Of Commerce.
  • US Chamber of commerce. (2015). Index of US Energy Security Risk 2015. Washington: US Chamber Of Commerce.
  • Valentine, S. V. (2011). Emerging symbiosis: renewable energy and energy security. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 15, 4572-4578.
  • Vivoda, V. (2010). Evaluating energy security in the Asia-Pacific region: a novel methodological approach. Energy Pol. , 38, 5258-5263.
  • von Hippel, D. , Suzuki, T. , Williams, J. H. , Savage, T. , & Hayes, P. (2011). Energy security andsustainability in Northeast Asia. Energy Policy, 39, 6719-6730.
  • Wang, J. J. , Jing, Y. Y. , Zhang, C. F. , & Zhao, J. H. (2009). Review on multi-criteria decision analysis aid in sustainable energy decision making. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. , 13, 2263-2278.
  • Winzer, C. (2012). Conceptualizingenergy security. Energy Policy, 46, 36-48.
  • Yergin, D. (1988). Energy security in the 1990s. Foreign Aff. , 67(1), 110-132.
  • Zhang, L. , Yu, J. , Sovacool, B. K. , & Ren, J. (2017). Measuring energy security performance within China: Toward an inter-provincial prospective. Energy, 125, 825-836.
  • Zhou, P. , & Ang, B. W. (2008). Linear programming models for measuring economy-wide energy efficiency performance. Energy Policy, 36(8), 2911-2916.
Toplam 106 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gelengül Koçaslan 0000-0002-4902-2054

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Kasım 2020
Kabul Tarihi 18 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Koçaslan, G. (2020). A CRITIQUE OF ENERGY SECURITY MEASUREMENT. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.29131/uiibd.832430

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