Araştırma Makalesi

From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era

Sayı: Advanced Online Publication 24 Mart 2026
PDF İndir
TR EN

From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era

Öz

This study examines the transformation of security dynamics in the Gulf in the period following the 2003 Iraq War through the analytical lens of Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT). The 2003 United States-led (the US) invasion of Iraq, triggered a profound restructuring of the Gulf’s regional security system by dismantling the pre-war balance of power and catalyzing new patterns of rivalry, alignment, and threat perception. Prior to the invasion, the Gulf operated under a tripolar structure centered on Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. However, the removal of Iraq from this triadic balance fundamentally altered the regional order and led to the emergence of a bipolar regional structure dominated by Saudi Arabia and Iran. By examining developments in this period, this study traces how extra-regional interventions and intraregional rivalries reshaped the Gulf’s security architecture. Utilizing RSCT and process tracing, it analyzes the mechanisms driving the shift from tripolarity to bipolarity, offering a framework for understanding evolving patterns of threat perception, alliance formation, and strategic behavior in the region. The study asserts that the post-2003 Gulf system, while more concentrated in terms of power poles, remains volatile, with persistent rivalries and external dependencies shaping its security environment. Understanding this transformation provides critical insights into Gulf politics and the interplay between regional dynamics and external influences in this period, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding the evolving Gulf security architecture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Gulf, Regional Security Complex, Regional Order, Polarity, Strategic Behaivour

Kaynakça

  1. Al Sarhan, A. S. (2022). “Economic Dimension in Iran’s Foreign Policy Towards Iraq: 2003-2020”, New Political Science, 44(2), 324–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2022.2060016
  2. Al-Khoei, H. (2016). “Post-Sistani Iraq, Iran, and the Future of Shia Islam. War on the Rocks”, https://warontherocks.com/2016/09/post-sistani-iraq-iran-and-the-future-of-shia-islam/, (Accessed: 18.11.2025).
  3. Al-Qarawee, H. H. (2014, April 23). “Iraq’s Sectarian Crisis: A Legacy of Exclusion”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2014/04/iraqs-sectarian-crisis-a-legacy-of-exclusion?lang=en, (Accessed: 14.11.2025).
  4. Alsmadi, F. (2014). “Iraq in Iran’s Strategy: Growing Security Preoccupation and Declining Opportunities”, Al Jazeera Center for Studies, https://studies.aljazeera.net/en/reports/2014/10/20141017476934755.html, (Accessed: 15.10.2025).
  5. Badawi, T. (2018). “Iran’s Economic Leverage in Iraq”, Carnegie Endowment (Sada), https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2018/05/irans-economic-leverage-in-iraq?lang=en, (Accessed: 21.11.2025).
  6. Barzegar, K. (2010). “The Balance of Power in the Persian Gulf: An Iranian View”, Middle East Policy, 17(3), 74-87.
  7. Bradshaw, T. (2021). “Imperial recessional: Sir William Luce and the British withdrawal from the Gulf, 1970-1971”, Middle Eastern Studies, 57(1), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2020.1828876
  8. Buzan, B. and Waever, O. (2003). Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  9. Carothers, T. and Ottaway, M. (2004). “Greater Middle East Initiative: Off to a False Start”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2004/03/greater-middle-east-initiative-off-to-a-false-start?lang=en, (Accessed: 25.11.2025).
  10. Cerioli, L. (2024). The Persian Gulf Triangle: Strategic Relations Between Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United States, Manchester University Press.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Üçağaç, A. (2026). From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Politika Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.62334/ulipod.1829476
AMA
1.Üçağaç A. From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era. ULİPOD. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.62334/ulipod.1829476
Chicago
Üçağaç, Ahmet. 2026. “From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era”. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Politika Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.62334/ulipod.1829476.
EndNote
Üçağaç A (01 Mart 2026) From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Politika Dergisi Advanced Online Publication
IEEE
[1]A. Üçağaç, “From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era”, ULİPOD, sy Advanced Online Publication, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.62334/ulipod.1829476.
ISNAD
Üçağaç, Ahmet. “From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era”. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Politika Dergisi. Advanced Online Publication (01 Mart 2026). https://doi.org/10.62334/ulipod.1829476.
JAMA
1.Üçağaç A. From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era. ULİPOD. 2026. doi:10.62334/ulipod.1829476.
MLA
Üçağaç, Ahmet. “From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era”. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Politika Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication, Mart 2026, doi:10.62334/ulipod.1829476.
Vancouver
1.Ahmet Üçağaç. From Tripolarity to Bipolarity: The Gulf Regional Security in the Post-Iraq War Era. ULİPOD. 01 Mart 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.62334/ulipod.1829476