Otonom Hava Taşımacılığında İnsansız Kargo Uçakları: Mevcut Durum, Zorluklar ve Gelecek Perspektifleri

Öz

Bu çalışma, otonom hava taşımacılığında hızla gelişen ve son yıllarda hem akademik hem de endüstriyel alanda yoğun ilgi gören insansız kargo uçaklarını (İKU) bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla ele almaktadır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, literatürde çoğunlukla dağınık biçimde incelenen teknik, operasyonel ve kurumsal yaklaşımları bir araya getirerek kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda 2015–2025 yılları arasında yayımlanan akademik makaleler, raporlar ve sektörel çalışmalar sistematik literatür taraması ve içerik analizi yöntemleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Web of Science, Scopus ve IEEE Xplore veri tabanlarından elde edilen yayınlar; teknolojik ve yapısal gelişmeler, otonom kontrol sistemleri ve yapay zekâ uygulamaları ile ekonomik ve düzenleyici dinamikler başlıkları altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Bulgular, sabit kanatlı İKU’ların uzun menzilli ve yüksek verimli taşımacılıkta öne çıktığını, VTOL ve hibrit platformların ise özellikle kentsel ve kısa mesafeli teslimatlarda esneklik sağladığını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte enerji depolama teknolojilerinin sınırlılıkları, hava sahası entegrasyonu, mevzuata uyum süreçleri ve siber güvenlik riskleri, sistemlerin yaygın ve ölçeklenebilir kullanımının önündeki temel engeller olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak insansız kargo uçaklarının, geleceğin lojistik ağlarını dönüştüren stratejik bir bileşen hâline geldiği vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsansız kargo uçağı
• Lojistik
• Otonom sistemler
• Ekonomik karşılaştırma

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma için herhangi bir dış finansman alınmamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma insan veya hayvan katılımcıları içermemektedir. Tüm prosedürler bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiş olup, atıfta bulunulan tüm çalışmalar uygun şekilde kaynak gösterilmiştir.

Teşekkür

Yazar herhangi bir kişi veya kuruma teşekkür etmek istememektedir.

Unmanned Cargo Aircraft in Autonomous Air Transport: Current Status, Challenges and Future Prospects

Öz

This study comprehensively examines unmanned cargo aircraft (UCA), which are rapidly developing in autonomous air transport and have attracted significant attention in both academic and industrial circles in recent years. The main objective of the research is to provide a comprehensive framework by bringing together technical, operational and institutional approaches that have mostly been examined in a scattered manner in the literature. To this end, academic articles, reports and sectoral studies published between 2015 and 2025 were examined using systematic literature review and content analysis methods. Publications obtained from the Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore databases were classified under the headings of technological and structural developments, autonomous control systems and artificial intelligence applications, and economic and regulatory dynamics. The findings show that fixed-wing UAVs excel in long-range and high-efficiency transportation, while VTOL and hybrid platforms provide flexibility, particularly in urban and short-distance deliveries. However, limitations in energy storage technologies, airspace integration, regulatory compliance processes, and cybersecurity risks have been identified as key barriers to the widespread and scalable use of these systems. Consequently, it is emphasised that unmanned cargo aircraft have become a strategic component transforming the logistics networks of the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Unmanned cargo aircraft
• Logistics
• Autonomous systems
• Economic comparison

Kaynakça

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