Comparison of Different Sample Types for Salmonella Detection From Chicken Layer Breeder Flocks

Öz

The object of this study was to detect Salmonella from different chicken samples in same flocks to compare sample types for Salmonella detection by both International Organization for Standardization Method 6579:2002/Amd 1:2007 (ISO) and as molecular by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Salmonellosis is a zoonotic infection and apart from this, infection can be transmitted via vertically to embryo, and this is very important for breeding flocks. A total of 115 samples, comprised of 451 individual samples each pooled into 3, 4, 5 and 6 including 14 drag swabs, 28 pooled wet faeces, 11 pooled embryonated chicken eggs, 62 pooled cloacal swabs, were collected from 14 chicken layer breeding flocks, and tested by culture method (ISO 6579) and conventional PCR. Overall Salmonella infection rate in chicken layer breeder flocks by PCR and culture was 18.2% (21/115). According to sample type, Salmonella rate in culture positive samples were: 0% (0/14) in drag swabs, 90.9% (10/11) in embryonated chicken eggs, 21.4% (6/28) in wet faeces, 8% (5/62) in cloacal swabs. PCR results were in 100% agreement (100% sensitivity and specificity) with culture results. We determined Salmonella rate in 14 chicken layer breeder flocks by using culture and PCR methods, and the use of embryonated chicken eggs and wet faeces samples, respectively in Salmonella detection would yield reliable results. These results indicate that Salmonella screening can be done together with different types of sample. And the most reliable and high results were taken from embryonated chicken egg samples for layer breeding poultry. As a conclusion, Salmonella infection seems to be the major problem in poultry flocks in Turkey, and both conventional culture method and PCR methods were found sensitive for the detection of Salmonella from poultry with different types of sample.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Salmonella, chicken layer breeder flock, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture, zoonosis, different sample types.

Comparison of Different Sample Types for Salmonella Detection From Chicken Layer Breeder Flocks

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, aynı kümeslerden alınan farklı örnek tiplerinin, hem Uluslararası Standardizasyon Teşkilatı 6579:2002/Amd 1:2007 (ISO) kültür metotu hem de moleküler olarak polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ile çalışılarak Salmonella teşhisi bakımından karşılaştırılmasıdır. Salmonella zoonoz bir enfeksiyondur ve ayrıca vertikal geçiş özelliğinden civcivlere geçebileceğinden dolayı, özellikle damızlık kanatlı yetiştiriciliğinde ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Çalışmamızda alınan 451 bireysel örnek; 14 adet drag svab, 28 adet pool edilmiş ıslak dışkı, 11 adet pool edilmiş embriyolu yumurta, 62 adet pool edilmiş kloakal svab, 3, 4 ve 5’li bir araya gelecek şekilde gruplandırılarak, toplam 115 adet örnekte, hem ISO 6579 kültür metotu hem de geleneksel PCR metotu ile Salmonella aranmıştır. Damızlık yumurtacı tavuklardaki Salmonella yaygınlığı, çalışılan iki metotla da %18.2 olarak bulunmuştur. Örnek tiplerine bakılarak değerlendirme yapıldığında ise kültür sonuçları; drag svablarda Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Görükle Kampüsü, 16059, Bursa, Türkiye. [e-mail] Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Besin Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı, Görükle Kampüsü, 16059, Bursa, Türkiye. %0, embriyolu yumurtalarda %90.9, ıslak dışkıda %21.4 ve kloakal svablarda %8 olarak bulunmuştur. PCR sonuçları da, kültür sonuçları ile örnek tiplerine göre, yine %100 sensitivite ve spesifite ile aynı bulunmuştur. Türkiye’deki yumurtacı kümeslerde Salmonella yaygınlığı PCR ve ISO 6579 kültür metotları ile %18.2 olarak bulunmuş ve damızlık kanatlılarda Salmonella taramalarında alınabilecek en güvenli örneklerin embriyolu yumurta ve ıslak dışkı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar aslında, en yüksek oranda Salmonella tespiti yapılan örnek tipinin embriyolu yumurtalar olarak bulunmasıyla, özellikle damızlık yetiştiriciliği yapılan kanatlı sürülerinde, Salmonella teşhisinde güvenilir sonuçlar alınabilmesi için, klasik olarak kullanılan dışkı kökenli örneklerin dışında, farklı örnek tiplerinin de alınarak hep birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini de göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’deki yumurtacı tavuk kümeslerinde Salmonella enfeksiyonun önemli problem olarak varlığını sürdürmeyi devam ettiği ve hem geleneksel kültür metotu hem de PCR’ın farklı örneklerden Salmonella tespitinde güvenilir yöntemler olarak kullanılabileceği gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Salmonella, damızlık yumurtacı tavuk, polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR), kültür, zoonoz, farklı örnek tipleri.

Kaynakça

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