Posttranslational Modifications and Protein Function

Öz

Many proteins undergo a process called posttranslational modification (PTM) in order to acquire functional capabilities. PTM of proteins provide prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells with highly versatile tools and tricks, which can be used in the spatial and temporal regulation of key proteins and variety of cellular processes controlled by proteins. The number and types of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that a protein can accommodate at any given time can be staggering. The major types of PTMs frequently observed and well-studied
in eukaryotic cells include phosphorylation, glycosylation, acetylation, acylation, prenylation, methylation, ubiquitylation, and proteolytic cleavage. Enzymes dedicated to protein modifications are in the orders of thousands. An understanding of types and levels of PTMs of proteins and enzymes dedicated to this process should provide us with better opportunities to study protein function and diseases associated with aberrant modification of proteins.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Posttranslational modification
• glycosylation
• phosphorylation
• prenylation
• ubiquitylation
• proteolytic cleavage

Posttranslasyonel Modifikasyon ve Protein Fonksiyonu

Öz

Birçok protein fonksiyon gösterebilmesi için posttranslasyonel modifikasyon (PTM) adı verilen bir işleme tabi tutulur. PTM, proteinlerin yersel ve zamansal regülasyonunda ve proteinler tarafından gerçekleştirilen önemli hücresel faaliyetlerin kontrolünde ökaryotik ve prokaryotik hücreler tarafından kullanılan önemli bir araçtır. Herhangi bir zamanda herhangi bir proteinin maruz kaldığı PTM sayısı ve tipi çok fazla olabilir. Ökaryotik hücrelerde sık karşılaşılan ve nispeten detaylı olarak çalışılmış PTM tipleri olarak fosforilasyon, glikozilasyon, asetilasyon, açilasyon, prenilasyon, metilasyon, ubiqutilasyon ve proteolitik parçalanma sayılabilir. Bu tip PTM`ları gerçekleştiren enzimlerin sayısı binleri bulmaktadır. PTM ve bu işlemde görevli enzimlerin iyi kavranması ve çalışılması bize, protein foksiyonu ve hastalıklarla ilişkili anormal PTM`ların anlaşılması için daha iyi fırsatlar sunacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Posttranslasyonel modifikasyon
• glikozilasyon
• fosforilasyon
• prenilasyon
• ubiqutilasyon
• proteolitik parçalanma

Kaynakça

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