BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 73 - 82, 01.06.2011

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adams, G. P., Matteri, R. L., Kastelic, J. P., Ko, J. C. H., and Ginther, O. J., 1992. Association be- tween surges of FSH and emergence of follicular waves in heifers. J. Reprod. Fertility, 94, 177- 188.
  • Bar-Anan, R. and Bowman, J. C., 1974. Twin- ning in Israeli Friesian dairy herds. Anim. Prod., 18, 109-115.
  • Cady, R. A. and Van Vleck, L. D., 1978. Factors affecting twinning and effects of twinning in Holstein Dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 46, 950-956.
  • Campbell, B. K., Scaramuzzi, R. J., and Webb, R., 1995. Control of antral follicular development and selection in sheep and cattle. J. Reprod. Fer- tility., 49, 335-350.
  • Day, J. D., Weaver, L. D., and Franti, C. E., 1995. Twin pregnancy diagnosis in Holstein cows: discriminatory powers and accuracy of di- agnosis by transrectal palpation and outcome of twin pregnancies. Can. Vet. J., 36, 93-97.
  • Echternkamp, S. E., Spicer, L. J., Gregory, K. E., Canning, S. F., and Hammond, J. M., 1990a. Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I in blood and ovarian follicular fluid of cattle se- lected for twins. Biology of Reprod., 43, 8-14.
  • Echternkamp, S. E., 2000. Endocrinology of increased ovarian folliculogenesis in cattle se- lected for twin births. Am. Society of Anim. Sci.,1-20.
  • Eddy, R. G., Davies, O., and David, C., 1991. An economic assessment of twin births in British dairy herds. Vet. Rec.,129, 526-529.
  • Erb, R. E. and Morrison, R. A., 1959. Effects of Twinning on reproductive efficiency in a Hol- stein-Friesian herd. J. Dairy Sci., 42, 512-519.
  • Erb, R. E., Anderson, W. R., Hinze, P. M., and Gildow, E. M., 1960. Inheritance of twinning in aherd of Holstein-Frieasian cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 4, 393.
  • Evans, A. C. O., Adams, G. P., and Rawlings, N. C., 1994. Follicular and hormonal development in prepubertal heifers from 2 to 36 weeks of age. J. Reprod. Fertility., 102, 463-470.
  • Fricke, P. M. and Wiltbank, M. C., 1999. Effect of milk production on the incidence of double ovulation in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 52, 1133-1143.
  • Fricke, P. M., 2001. Review: Twinning in Dairy Cattle. The Professional Animal Scientis,. 17, 61- 67.
  • Gilmore, L. O., 1952. Dairy Cattle Breeding. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vani-USA.
  • Ginther, O. J., Knopf, L., and Kastelic, J. P., 1989a. Temporal associations among ovarian events during bovine oestrous cycles with two and three follicular waves. J. Reprod. Fertility, 87, 223-230.
  • Ginther, O. J., Knopf, L., and Kastelic, J. P., 1989b. Ovarian follicular dynamics in heifers during early pregnancy. Biology of Reprod., 41, 247-254.
  • Ginther, O. J., Wiltbank, M. C., Fricke, P. M., Gibbons, J. R., and Kot, K., 1996. Selection of the dominant follicle in cattle. Biology of Re- prod., 55, 1187-1194.
  • Gregory, K. E., Echternkamp, S. E., Dickerson, G. E., Cundiff, L. V., Koch, R. M., and Van Vleck, L. D., 1990a. Twinning in cattle: I. Foun- dation animals and genetic and environmental ef- fects on twinning rate. J. Anim. Sci., 68, 1867- 1876.
  • Hendy, C. R. C. and Bowman, J. C., 1970. Twin- ning in cattle. Animal Breeding Abstracts, 38, 22- 37.
  • Hewitt, A. C. T., 1934. Twinning in cattle. J. of Dairy Research, 5, 101-107.
  • Hossein-Zadeh, N.G., Nejati-Javaremi A., Miraei-Ashtiani S.R., and Kohram H., 2008. An observational analysis of twin birds, calf still- birds, Calf sex ratio, and abortion in Iranian Hol- steins. J. Dairy Sci, 91, 4198-4205.
  • Johanson, J. M., Berger, P. J., Kirkpatrick, B. W. and Dentine, M. R., 2001. Twinning rates for North American Holstein sires. J. Dairy Sci., 84, 2081-2088.
  • Johansson, I., Lindhé, B., and Pirchner, F., 1974. Causes of variation in the frequency of monozy- gous and dizygous twinning in various breeds of cattle. Hereditas, 78, 201-234.
  • Jones, S. V. H. and Rouse, J. E., 1920. The rela- tion of dam to observed fecundity in domesti- cated animals. I. Multiple births in cattle and sheep. J. Dairy Sci., 3, 260.
  • Karlsen, A., Ruane, J., Klemetsdal, G., and Her- ingstad, B., 2000. Twinning rate in Norwegian cattle: frequency, (co)variance components, and genetic trends. J. Anim. Sci., 78, 15-20.
  • Kinsel, M. L., Marsh, W. E., Ruegg, P. L., and Etherington W. G., 1998. Risk factors for twin- ning in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 81, 989-993.
  • Knopf, L., Kastelic, J. P., Schallenberger, E., and Ginther, O. J., 1989. Ovarian follicular dynamics in heifers: test of two-wave hypotheses by ultra- sonically monitoring individual follicles. Domes- tic Animal Endocrinology, 6, 111-119.
  • Labhsetwar, A. P., Tyler, W. J., and Casida, L. E, 1963. Analysis of variation in some factors af- fecting multiple ovulations in Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 46, 840.
  • Lucy, M.C., Savio, J. D., Badinga, L., De La Sota, R. L., and Thatcher, W.W., 1992. Factors that affect follicular ovarian dynamics in cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 70, 3615-3626.
  • Lush, R. H., 1925. Inheritance of twinning in a herd of Holstein cattle. The J. of Heredity, 16, 273-279.
  • Maijala, K. and Osva, A., 1990. Genetic correla- tions of twinning frequency with other economic traits in dairy cattle. J. Anim. Breed. Genet., 107, 7-15.
  • Manfredi, E., Foulley, J. L., San Cristobal, M., and Gillard, P., 1991. Genetic Parameters for twinning in the Maine-Anjou Breed. Genet. Sel. Evol., 23, 421-430.
  • Markusfeld, O., 1987. Periparturient traits in seven high dairy herds. Incidence rates, associa- tion with parity, and interrelationships among traits. J. Dairy Sci. 70, 158-166.
  • Meadows, C. E. and Lush, J. L., 1957. Twinning in dairy cattle and its relation to production. J. Dairy Sci., 40, 1430-1436.
  • Mechling, E. A. and Carter, R. C., 1964. Selec- tion for twinning in a Grade Aberdeen-Angus Herd. The J. of Heredity, 55, 73-75.
  • Mihm, M., Good, T. E., Ireland, J. L., Ireland, J. J., Knight, P. G., and Roche, J. F., 1997. Decline in serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentra- tions alters key intrafollicular growth factors in- volved in selection of the dominant follicle in heifers. Biology Reprod., 57, 1328-1337.
  • Morris, C. A., 1984. A review of the genetics and reproductive physiology of dizygotic twinning in cattle. Anim. Breeding Abstracts, 52, 803-819.
  • Morris, C. A. and Day, A. M., 1986. Ovulation results from cattle herds with high twinning fre- quency. 96-100 in Proceedings 3rd World Con- gress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Produc- tion. Lincoln, Nebraska-USA.
  • Murphy, M. G., Boland, M. P., and Roche, J. F., 1990. Pattern of follicular growth and resumption of ovarian activity in post-partum beef sucker cows. J. Reprod. Fertility, 90, 523-533.
  • Nielen, M., Schukken, Y. H., Scholl, D. T., Wil- brink, H. J., and Brand, A., 1989. Twinning in dairy cattle: a study of risk factors and effects. Theriogenology, 32, 845-862.
  • Pfau, K., Bartlett, O. J. W., and Shuart, C. E., 1948. A study of multiple births in a Holstein- Friesian herd. J. Dairy Sci., 31, 241-254.
  • Pierson, R. A. and Ginther, O. J., 1984. Ultra- sonography of the bovine ovary. Theriogenology, 21, 495-504.
  • Rajakoski, E., 1960. The ovarian follicular sys- tem in sexually mature heifers with special refer- ence to seasonal, cyclical, and left-right variation. Acta. Endrocrinol., 34 (suppl.52), 7-68.
  • Ryan, D. P. and Boland, M. P., 1991. Frequency of twin births amond Holstein-Friesian cows in a warm dry climate. Theriogenology, 36, 1-10.
  • Ron, M., Ezra, E., and Weller, J. I., 1990. Ge- netic analysis of twinning rate in Israeli Holstein Cattle. Genet. Sel. Evol., 22, 349-359.
  • Rutledge, J. J., 1975. Twinning in cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 40, 803-815.
  • Sartori, R., Haughian, J., Rosa, G. J. M., Shaver, R. D., and Wiltbank, M. C., 2000. Differences between lactating cows and nulliparous heifers in follicular dynamics, luteal growth, and serum steroid concentrations. J. Dairy Sci., 83(Suppl 1), 212.
  • Savio, J. D., Keenan, L., Boland, M. P., and Roche, J. F., 1988. Pattern of growth of dominant follicles during the oestrous cycle in heifers. J. Reprod. Fertility, 83, 663-671.
  • Savio, J. D., Boland, M. P., and Roche, J. F., 1990. Development of dominant follicles and length of ovarian cycles in post-partum dairy cows. J. Reprod. Fertility, 88, 581-591.
  • Schillo, K. K., Hall, J. B., Hileman, S. M., 1992. Effect of nutrition and season on the set of pu- berty in the beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci., 70, 3994- 4005.
  • Silva del Rio, N., Kirkpatrick B.W., Fricke P.M., 2006. Observed frequency of monozygotic twin- ning in Holstein dairy cattle. Theriogenology, 66, 1292–1299.
  • Silva del Rio, N., Stewart S., Rapnicki P., Chang Y. M., and Fricke P.M., 2007. An Observational Analysis of Twin Births, Calf Sex Ratio, and Calf Mortality in Holstein Dairy Cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 90, 1255–1264.
  • Silva del Rio, N., Colloton J.D., Fricke P.M., 2009. Factors affecting pregnancy loss for single and twin pregnancies in a high-producing dairy herd. Theriogenology, 71, 1462–1471.
  • Sirois, J. and Fortune, J. E., 1988. Ovarian fol- licular dynamics during the estrous cycle in heif- ers monitored by real-time ultrasonography. Bi- ology. Reprod., 39, 308-317.
  • Spicer, L.J., Echternkamp, S. E., Canning, S. F., and Hammond, J. M., 1988. Relationship be- tween concentrations of immunoreactive insulin- like growth factor-I in follicular fluid and various biochemical markers of differentiation in bovine antral follicules. Biology. Reprod., 39, 573-80.
  • Syrstad, O., 1974. Genetic aspects of twinning in dairy cattle. Acta. Agricult Scandinavica, 24, Is- sue 4, 319 – 322.
  • Syrstad, O., 1984. Inheritance of multiple births in cattle. Livestock Production Science, 11, 373- 380.
  • Webb, R. and Armstrong, D. G., 1998. Control of ovarian function; effect of local interactions and environmental influences on follicular turnover in cattle: a review. Livestock Production Science, 53, 95-112.
  • Wiltbank, M.C., Fricke, P. M., Sangsritavong, S., Sartori, R., and Ginther, O. J., 2000. Mechanisms that prevent and produce double ovulations in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 83, 2998-3007.
  • Wiltbank, M.C., Gumen, A., and Sartori, R, 2001. Physiological classification of anovulatory conditions in cattle. Theriogenology, 57, 21-52.

Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 73 - 82, 01.06.2011

Öz

Büyük baş hayvanlarda üreme çok çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Bu faktörler hayvanların üreme performansında gözlenen bazı varyasyonu açıklar niteliktedir. Doğumda ikizlik görülme sıklığını değerlendirmek için kapsamlı birçok çalışma, süt ve et ırkı büyükbaş hayvanlarda yapılmıştır. Bu anlamda, sığırlarda üreme sistemi üzerine etkili pek çok çevresel ve genetik faktörler oldukça geniş bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Sığırlarda çoklu doğumun görülme oranı çok düşük olsa bile, ırk farklılıkları, besleme ve yönetim sistemleri ve bunun yanında doğum sırası, ana yaşı, yılın mevsimi ve yetiştirilen hayvanın coğrafik konumu gibi değişik çevre faktörleri de ikiz doğum oranı üzerine etkili bazı varyasyonun görülmesine neden olabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, bu derlemenin amacı sığırlarda çoklu ovulasyonu düzenleyen fizyolojik mekanizmayı ve aynı zamanda büyükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde çoklu doğumu olumlu ya da olumsuz yönde etkileyen bazı önemli faktörleri vurgulamak ve açıklamaktır

Kaynakça

  • Adams, G. P., Matteri, R. L., Kastelic, J. P., Ko, J. C. H., and Ginther, O. J., 1992. Association be- tween surges of FSH and emergence of follicular waves in heifers. J. Reprod. Fertility, 94, 177- 188.
  • Bar-Anan, R. and Bowman, J. C., 1974. Twin- ning in Israeli Friesian dairy herds. Anim. Prod., 18, 109-115.
  • Cady, R. A. and Van Vleck, L. D., 1978. Factors affecting twinning and effects of twinning in Holstein Dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 46, 950-956.
  • Campbell, B. K., Scaramuzzi, R. J., and Webb, R., 1995. Control of antral follicular development and selection in sheep and cattle. J. Reprod. Fer- tility., 49, 335-350.
  • Day, J. D., Weaver, L. D., and Franti, C. E., 1995. Twin pregnancy diagnosis in Holstein cows: discriminatory powers and accuracy of di- agnosis by transrectal palpation and outcome of twin pregnancies. Can. Vet. J., 36, 93-97.
  • Echternkamp, S. E., Spicer, L. J., Gregory, K. E., Canning, S. F., and Hammond, J. M., 1990a. Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I in blood and ovarian follicular fluid of cattle se- lected for twins. Biology of Reprod., 43, 8-14.
  • Echternkamp, S. E., 2000. Endocrinology of increased ovarian folliculogenesis in cattle se- lected for twin births. Am. Society of Anim. Sci.,1-20.
  • Eddy, R. G., Davies, O., and David, C., 1991. An economic assessment of twin births in British dairy herds. Vet. Rec.,129, 526-529.
  • Erb, R. E. and Morrison, R. A., 1959. Effects of Twinning on reproductive efficiency in a Hol- stein-Friesian herd. J. Dairy Sci., 42, 512-519.
  • Erb, R. E., Anderson, W. R., Hinze, P. M., and Gildow, E. M., 1960. Inheritance of twinning in aherd of Holstein-Frieasian cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 4, 393.
  • Evans, A. C. O., Adams, G. P., and Rawlings, N. C., 1994. Follicular and hormonal development in prepubertal heifers from 2 to 36 weeks of age. J. Reprod. Fertility., 102, 463-470.
  • Fricke, P. M. and Wiltbank, M. C., 1999. Effect of milk production on the incidence of double ovulation in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 52, 1133-1143.
  • Fricke, P. M., 2001. Review: Twinning in Dairy Cattle. The Professional Animal Scientis,. 17, 61- 67.
  • Gilmore, L. O., 1952. Dairy Cattle Breeding. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vani-USA.
  • Ginther, O. J., Knopf, L., and Kastelic, J. P., 1989a. Temporal associations among ovarian events during bovine oestrous cycles with two and three follicular waves. J. Reprod. Fertility, 87, 223-230.
  • Ginther, O. J., Knopf, L., and Kastelic, J. P., 1989b. Ovarian follicular dynamics in heifers during early pregnancy. Biology of Reprod., 41, 247-254.
  • Ginther, O. J., Wiltbank, M. C., Fricke, P. M., Gibbons, J. R., and Kot, K., 1996. Selection of the dominant follicle in cattle. Biology of Re- prod., 55, 1187-1194.
  • Gregory, K. E., Echternkamp, S. E., Dickerson, G. E., Cundiff, L. V., Koch, R. M., and Van Vleck, L. D., 1990a. Twinning in cattle: I. Foun- dation animals and genetic and environmental ef- fects on twinning rate. J. Anim. Sci., 68, 1867- 1876.
  • Hendy, C. R. C. and Bowman, J. C., 1970. Twin- ning in cattle. Animal Breeding Abstracts, 38, 22- 37.
  • Hewitt, A. C. T., 1934. Twinning in cattle. J. of Dairy Research, 5, 101-107.
  • Hossein-Zadeh, N.G., Nejati-Javaremi A., Miraei-Ashtiani S.R., and Kohram H., 2008. An observational analysis of twin birds, calf still- birds, Calf sex ratio, and abortion in Iranian Hol- steins. J. Dairy Sci, 91, 4198-4205.
  • Johanson, J. M., Berger, P. J., Kirkpatrick, B. W. and Dentine, M. R., 2001. Twinning rates for North American Holstein sires. J. Dairy Sci., 84, 2081-2088.
  • Johansson, I., Lindhé, B., and Pirchner, F., 1974. Causes of variation in the frequency of monozy- gous and dizygous twinning in various breeds of cattle. Hereditas, 78, 201-234.
  • Jones, S. V. H. and Rouse, J. E., 1920. The rela- tion of dam to observed fecundity in domesti- cated animals. I. Multiple births in cattle and sheep. J. Dairy Sci., 3, 260.
  • Karlsen, A., Ruane, J., Klemetsdal, G., and Her- ingstad, B., 2000. Twinning rate in Norwegian cattle: frequency, (co)variance components, and genetic trends. J. Anim. Sci., 78, 15-20.
  • Kinsel, M. L., Marsh, W. E., Ruegg, P. L., and Etherington W. G., 1998. Risk factors for twin- ning in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 81, 989-993.
  • Knopf, L., Kastelic, J. P., Schallenberger, E., and Ginther, O. J., 1989. Ovarian follicular dynamics in heifers: test of two-wave hypotheses by ultra- sonically monitoring individual follicles. Domes- tic Animal Endocrinology, 6, 111-119.
  • Labhsetwar, A. P., Tyler, W. J., and Casida, L. E, 1963. Analysis of variation in some factors af- fecting multiple ovulations in Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 46, 840.
  • Lucy, M.C., Savio, J. D., Badinga, L., De La Sota, R. L., and Thatcher, W.W., 1992. Factors that affect follicular ovarian dynamics in cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 70, 3615-3626.
  • Lush, R. H., 1925. Inheritance of twinning in a herd of Holstein cattle. The J. of Heredity, 16, 273-279.
  • Maijala, K. and Osva, A., 1990. Genetic correla- tions of twinning frequency with other economic traits in dairy cattle. J. Anim. Breed. Genet., 107, 7-15.
  • Manfredi, E., Foulley, J. L., San Cristobal, M., and Gillard, P., 1991. Genetic Parameters for twinning in the Maine-Anjou Breed. Genet. Sel. Evol., 23, 421-430.
  • Markusfeld, O., 1987. Periparturient traits in seven high dairy herds. Incidence rates, associa- tion with parity, and interrelationships among traits. J. Dairy Sci. 70, 158-166.
  • Meadows, C. E. and Lush, J. L., 1957. Twinning in dairy cattle and its relation to production. J. Dairy Sci., 40, 1430-1436.
  • Mechling, E. A. and Carter, R. C., 1964. Selec- tion for twinning in a Grade Aberdeen-Angus Herd. The J. of Heredity, 55, 73-75.
  • Mihm, M., Good, T. E., Ireland, J. L., Ireland, J. J., Knight, P. G., and Roche, J. F., 1997. Decline in serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentra- tions alters key intrafollicular growth factors in- volved in selection of the dominant follicle in heifers. Biology Reprod., 57, 1328-1337.
  • Morris, C. A., 1984. A review of the genetics and reproductive physiology of dizygotic twinning in cattle. Anim. Breeding Abstracts, 52, 803-819.
  • Morris, C. A. and Day, A. M., 1986. Ovulation results from cattle herds with high twinning fre- quency. 96-100 in Proceedings 3rd World Con- gress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Produc- tion. Lincoln, Nebraska-USA.
  • Murphy, M. G., Boland, M. P., and Roche, J. F., 1990. Pattern of follicular growth and resumption of ovarian activity in post-partum beef sucker cows. J. Reprod. Fertility, 90, 523-533.
  • Nielen, M., Schukken, Y. H., Scholl, D. T., Wil- brink, H. J., and Brand, A., 1989. Twinning in dairy cattle: a study of risk factors and effects. Theriogenology, 32, 845-862.
  • Pfau, K., Bartlett, O. J. W., and Shuart, C. E., 1948. A study of multiple births in a Holstein- Friesian herd. J. Dairy Sci., 31, 241-254.
  • Pierson, R. A. and Ginther, O. J., 1984. Ultra- sonography of the bovine ovary. Theriogenology, 21, 495-504.
  • Rajakoski, E., 1960. The ovarian follicular sys- tem in sexually mature heifers with special refer- ence to seasonal, cyclical, and left-right variation. Acta. Endrocrinol., 34 (suppl.52), 7-68.
  • Ryan, D. P. and Boland, M. P., 1991. Frequency of twin births amond Holstein-Friesian cows in a warm dry climate. Theriogenology, 36, 1-10.
  • Ron, M., Ezra, E., and Weller, J. I., 1990. Ge- netic analysis of twinning rate in Israeli Holstein Cattle. Genet. Sel. Evol., 22, 349-359.
  • Rutledge, J. J., 1975. Twinning in cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 40, 803-815.
  • Sartori, R., Haughian, J., Rosa, G. J. M., Shaver, R. D., and Wiltbank, M. C., 2000. Differences between lactating cows and nulliparous heifers in follicular dynamics, luteal growth, and serum steroid concentrations. J. Dairy Sci., 83(Suppl 1), 212.
  • Savio, J. D., Keenan, L., Boland, M. P., and Roche, J. F., 1988. Pattern of growth of dominant follicles during the oestrous cycle in heifers. J. Reprod. Fertility, 83, 663-671.
  • Savio, J. D., Boland, M. P., and Roche, J. F., 1990. Development of dominant follicles and length of ovarian cycles in post-partum dairy cows. J. Reprod. Fertility, 88, 581-591.
  • Schillo, K. K., Hall, J. B., Hileman, S. M., 1992. Effect of nutrition and season on the set of pu- berty in the beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci., 70, 3994- 4005.
  • Silva del Rio, N., Kirkpatrick B.W., Fricke P.M., 2006. Observed frequency of monozygotic twin- ning in Holstein dairy cattle. Theriogenology, 66, 1292–1299.
  • Silva del Rio, N., Stewart S., Rapnicki P., Chang Y. M., and Fricke P.M., 2007. An Observational Analysis of Twin Births, Calf Sex Ratio, and Calf Mortality in Holstein Dairy Cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 90, 1255–1264.
  • Silva del Rio, N., Colloton J.D., Fricke P.M., 2009. Factors affecting pregnancy loss for single and twin pregnancies in a high-producing dairy herd. Theriogenology, 71, 1462–1471.
  • Sirois, J. and Fortune, J. E., 1988. Ovarian fol- licular dynamics during the estrous cycle in heif- ers monitored by real-time ultrasonography. Bi- ology. Reprod., 39, 308-317.
  • Spicer, L.J., Echternkamp, S. E., Canning, S. F., and Hammond, J. M., 1988. Relationship be- tween concentrations of immunoreactive insulin- like growth factor-I in follicular fluid and various biochemical markers of differentiation in bovine antral follicules. Biology. Reprod., 39, 573-80.
  • Syrstad, O., 1974. Genetic aspects of twinning in dairy cattle. Acta. Agricult Scandinavica, 24, Is- sue 4, 319 – 322.
  • Syrstad, O., 1984. Inheritance of multiple births in cattle. Livestock Production Science, 11, 373- 380.
  • Webb, R. and Armstrong, D. G., 1998. Control of ovarian function; effect of local interactions and environmental influences on follicular turnover in cattle: a review. Livestock Production Science, 53, 95-112.
  • Wiltbank, M.C., Fricke, P. M., Sangsritavong, S., Sartori, R., and Ginther, O. J., 2000. Mechanisms that prevent and produce double ovulations in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 83, 2998-3007.
  • Wiltbank, M.C., Gumen, A., and Sartori, R, 2001. Physiological classification of anovulatory conditions in cattle. Theriogenology, 57, 21-52.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özden Çobanoğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çobanoğlu, Ö. (2011). Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 73-82.
AMA Çobanoğlu Ö. Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. Haziran 2011;30(1):73-82.
Chicago Çobanoğlu, Özden. “Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 30, sy. 1 (Haziran 2011): 73-82.
EndNote Çobanoğlu Ö (01 Haziran 2011) Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 30 1 73–82.
IEEE Ö. Çobanoğlu, “Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle”, Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 30, sy. 1, ss. 73–82, 2011.
ISNAD Çobanoğlu, Özden. “Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 30/1 (Haziran 2011), 73-82.
JAMA Çobanoğlu Ö. Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2011;30:73–82.
MLA Çobanoğlu, Özden. “Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 30, sy. 1, 2011, ss. 73-82.
Vancouver Çobanoğlu Ö. Physiological Mechanisms of Multiple Ovulations and Factors Affecting Twin Calving Rates in Cattle. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2011;30(1):73-82.