Araştırma Makalesi
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Effects of Heavy Metals Residues On Human Health

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 59 - 65, 01.06.2009

Firdevs Mor Özen Kurşun Neslihan Erdoğan

Öz

Pollution of the environment is one of the most dangerous problems, we faced, which is also treating the human and animal health and causes natural imbalance. Rapid increases in pollution, development of industry, fuel wastes of recycling, mine wastes, extensive agricultural pesticide use, phosphate fertilizers, irrigation of agricultural land with contaminated water may cause rapid dirtiness of environments. Therefore, soil and water resources are become polluted and directly effect on human, plants and animals. Food sources get polluted by these agents as well. Heavy metals are resistant to environmental conditions and they have a tendency to accumulate on plants, animal and human tissues. Particularly in last decade, metal toxicities are gained importance, because they may even result in death of human and animal.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heavy metal residue health

Kaynakça

  • Aafco.1999. Official Publication. Associaton Of American Feed Control Officials, Atlanta, Ga.
  • Aschner M, Aschner Jl 1990. Meercury Neurotox- icitiy: Mechanisms Of Blood-Brain Barrier Tras- port. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 14:169-176.
  • Baydar, T., Şahin, G., Aydin, A., Işimer, A., Aka- lin, S., And Duru, S.1996. Al/Cr Ratio In Plasma And Urine Of Diabetics. Trace Elem. Electrol., 13:50-53.
  • Buchet Jp, Lauwerys, Vandevoorde A, Pycke Jm. 1983. Oral Daily Intake Of Cadmium, Lead, Manganese, Copper, Mercury And Arsenic In Belgium: A Duplicate Meal Study. Fundamental Chemistry Toxicology.2:19-24.
  • Carson Tl. 1986. Water Quality For Livestock. In: Hovard Jl Ed.). Curent Veterinary Therapy: Food Animals Practise 2,. B. Sounders Company, 381- 384.
  • Dave, G. And Xiu, R.1991. Toxicity Of Mercury, Copper, Nichel, Lead And Cobalt To Embryos And Larvae Of Zebrafish, Brachydanicrerio. Arch. Environ. Contan. Tox. 21:126-134.
  • Dede Öh, Özdemir S.2002. Tarım Topraklarında Ağır Metal Kirliliği. Ekin Dergisi, 20:58-64.
  • Elson M, Haas. Md. 1999. Staying Healty With Nutrition. The Complete Quide To Diet And Nu- tritional Medicine.
  • Faroon, O.M., Williams, M., O’conner, R. 1995. A Review Of The Carcinogenicity Of Chemicals Most Frequently Found At National Priorities List Sites. Toxicol. Indus. Health, 251), 53-60.
  • Fsis.1998. The Food Safety And Inspection Ser- vice. Erişim:Http://Www.Fsis.Usda.Gov. Erişim Tarihi: 16.11.2003.
  • Fujimoto Y, Yabuno T, Kato M, Nishioka K, Fujita T 1986. Effect Of Methyl Mercury On Prostoglandin Synthesis In Rabbit Kidney Medul- la Slices. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharma- col. 54:115-119.
  • Gaga Eo. 1997. Exposure And Health Effects Of Mobile Sources Emissions. A Thesis Submitted To The Graduate School Of Natural And The Ap- plied Sciences Of The Middle East Technical Un- iversty. Master Of Science November.
  • Grace, N.D., Lee, J.1990. Effect Of Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se And Zn Supplementation On The Elemental Content Of Soft Tissues And Bone In Sheep Grazing Ryegrass/White Clover Pasture. New Zealand J.Agr. Res 33: 635-647..
  • Harada M. 1986. Congenital Minamata Disease: Intrauterin Methyl Mercury Poisoning., Teratogen Update: Environmentally Induced Birth Defect Risk. Ed.R Alan), Liss Inc.Pp.13-126.
  • Huysmans, K.D., Frankenberger, W. T. 1990. Arsenic Resistant Microorganisms Isolated From Agricultural Drainage Water And Evaporation Pond Sediments. Water, Air Soil Pollut., 53 1-2), 159-168.
  • Ikeda M, Zhang Zw, Higashikawa Wa 1999. Background Exposure Of General Women Popu- lations In Japon To Cadmium In The Environment And Possible Health Effects. Toxicology Letters, 108:161-166.
  • Ipcs.1990. Environmental Health Criteria Docu- ment 101. Methlymercury. International Pro- gramme On Chemical Safety. Who. Genava
  • Ipcs.2001. No, 224: Arsenic Erişim: (Http:// Www.Who.Int./Pcs/Ehc/Summaries/Ehc- 224.Html)Erişim Tarihi: 22.11.2003
  • Ipcs.1999 No,194: Aluminium.Erişim:(Http:// Www.Who.Int./Pcs/Ehc/Summaries/Ehc- 194.Html Erişim Tarihi: 22.11.2003
  • Irva Hp. 2000.The Evidence That Lead Increases The Risk For Spontaneous Abortion. Phd) Ameri- can Journal Of Industrial Medicine. 8: 300-309.
  • Kaya S, Akar F. 1998. Metaller, Diğer Inorganik Ve Radyoetkin Maddeler. In: Kaya S, Prinççi İ, Bilgili A Ed). Veteriner Hekimliğinde Toksikolo- ji, Medisan Yayınevi, 1.Baskı, Ankara, 119-154.
  • Kaya, S., Alabay, B., Baydan, E., Altunay, H. 1995. Ağır Metallerin Tavuk Embriyolarında Te- ratojenik Etkileri: Arsenik Ve Kurşun Ayrı Ayrı Ve Birlikte Kullanılmasının Etkileri. A. Ü. Vet. Fak. Derg. 42: 225-233.
  • Kazanthis G, Lam Th, Sullivan Kr. 1988. Mortali- ty Of Cadmium-Exposed Workers. A Five-Year Uptake. Scandinavia Journal Of Working Envi- ronmental Health, 14: 220-223.
  • Klaassen Cd. 1990. Heavy Metals And Heavy Metal Antagonists. In Goodman And Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis Of Therapeutics, 8th Edition, Pergamon Pres, New York.
  • Kramer, H.L., Steiner, J.W And Vallely, P.J. 1983. Trace Element Concentrations In The Liver, Kidney And Muscle Of Queenslan Cattle. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 30:588-594.
  • Krueger, G.L., Morris, T.K., Suskind, R.R., Win- den, E.M. 1985. The Health Effects Of Aluminum Compounds In Animals. Crs Critical Reviews In Toxicology, 13, 1-24.
  • Langlands, J.P., Donald, G. E. And Smith, A. J.1987. Analysis Of Data Collected In A Residue Survey: Copper And Zinc Concentrations In Liv- er, Kidney And Muscle In Australion Sheep And Cattle. Aust. J.Exp. Agric. 27: 485-491.
  • Lauwery R.,Bonnier Ch, Evrard Ph, Gennart J, Bernard A 1987. Prenatal And Early Postnatal In- toxication By Inorganic Mercury Resulting From The Maternal Use Of Mercury Containing Soap. Human Toxicol., 6:253-256.
  • Leonard, A., Gerber, G.B.1988. Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity And Teratogenicity Of Alumi- nium, Mutation Research, 198, 247-257.
  • Lu, F.J., Hong, C.L., Luo, M.F., Shimizu, H. 1993. Mutagenicity Of Drinking Well Water. En- viron. Contam. Toxicol., 514), 545-550.
  • Maff-Archive.1997.Food Standart Agen- cy.Erişim:Http://Archive.Food.Gov.Uk/Maff/Arc hive/Food/Infsheet/1997/No 113/Table I.Htm. Erişim Tarihi: 28.11.2003
  • Mor, F. 2002. Cadmium And Lead Contamination In Vegetables And Feeding Stuffs In Respect To The Effects Of Heavy Traffic, Industry, Urbaniza- tion And Agricultural Activities In Bursa, Phd Thesis. Institute Of Health Sciences, Uludag Uni- versity.
  • Needleman Hl. 1986. Empirical And Epistemic Issues In The Study Of Low Close Lead Effects. Neurotoxicity, 7:497-514.
  • Niemi, A., Venoloinen, E.R., Hirui, T., Hirn, J. And Kappanen, E. 1991.The Lead, Cadmium And Mercury Concentrations In Muscle, Liver And Kidney From Finnish Pigs And Cattle During 1987-1988. Lebensm. Unters Forsch. 192:427-29.
  • Nrc. 1980. Mineral Tolerance Of Domestic Ani- mals. National Academy Press, Washington, Dc.
  • Oliveira Dbg, Foster G, Savill J, Syme Pd, Taylor A.1987. Membranous Nephropathy Caused By Mercury-Containing Skin Lightening Cream. Postgraduate Med. J. 63:303-304.
  • Parada, R.1987. Industrial Pollution With Copper And Other Heavy Metals In A Beef Cattle Ranch. Vet. And Hum. Toxicol. 37:110-112.
  • Pyysalo, H., And Wickstrom, K.1986. Heavy Metals And Organochlorine Compounds In Seals In The Gulf Of Filland. M. Environ. Res. 18:43- 59.
  • Rao, P. P. V.V., Jordan, S. A., Bhatnager, M.K. 1989. Combined Nephrotoxicity Of Methylmer- cury, Lead And Cadmium In Pekin Ducts: Metal- lothionein, Metal Interactions And Histolopathol- ogy. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 26: 327-348.
  • Ryssen, J., B., J., V.1994. The Effectiveness Of Using Supplementaty Zinc And Molybdeneum To Reduce The Copper Content In The Liver Of Hypercuprotic Sheep. S. Afr. Vet. Ass. 65:59-63.
  • Scheuhammer Am.1987.. The Chronic Toxicity Of Aluminium, Cadmium, Mercury And Lead In Birds. A Review. Environmental Pollution, 46:263-295.
  • Scheuhammer, A.M.1987. The Chronic Toxicity Of Aluminium, Cadmium, Mercury, And Lead In Birds: A Review, Environ. Pollut., 46, 263-295.
  • Schrag Sd, Dixon Rl 1985. Occupational Expo- sures Associated With Male Reproductive Dys- function. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 25:567- 592.
  • Schuhmacher M, Bosgue Ma, Domingo Jl, Cor- bella J. 1991. Dietary Take Of Lead And Cad- mium From Foods In Tarragona Province, Spain. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, 46:320-328.
  • Seçer S, Bozkurt Y. 2001. Ağır Metallerden Civanın Balıklara Toksik Etkisi. Ekin Dergisi, 18: 83-87.
  • Shan, A.S., Davis, R.H. 1994. Effect Of Dictary Phytate On Growth And Selenium Status Of Chicks Fed Selenite Or Selenomethionine. British Poultry Sci. 35: 725-741.
  • Sonal S.1994. Hayvansal Besinlerdeki Metal Kalıntıları. Tübitak, Veterinerlik Ve Hayvancılık Araştırma Grubu Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Rapo- ru,138-159. Ankara.
  • Sorahan T. 1987.Mortality From Lung Cancer Among A Cohort Of Nichel Cadmium Battery Workers. British Journal Medicine, 44:803-809.
  • Şenavci V., Erdinç B., Gürsel B., Sonal S., Seval S. 1996. Ankara Ve Bursa’da Tüketime Sunulan Sığır, Koyun Ve Kanatlı Karaciğer Ve Böbrekle- rinde Ağır Metal Kalıntıdüzeylerininaraştırılması.Erişim:Http://Ww w.Tagem.Gov.Tr/Eng/Projelere96/Food/Food15ht ml Erişim Tarihi: 11.11.2003
  • Vig P, Bratia M, Gill O, Nath R 1989. Cadmium Inhibits Brain Calmodulin In Vitro And In Vivo Studies. Bulletin Of Environmental Pollution, 43: 541-547.
  • Vos Rh, Van Dokkum W, Olthof Pda. 1984 Pesti- cides And Other Chemical Residues In Dutch To- tal Diet Samples. Fundamental Chemistry Toxi- cology, 22:11-21.
  • Who. 1992. Cadmium Enviromental Healty Crite- ria., No.134) Geneva.

Ağır Metal Kalıntılarının İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 59 - 65, 01.06.2009

Firdevs Mor Özen Kurşun Neslihan Erdoğan

Öz

Çağımızda doğal denge ile insan ve hayvan sağlığını tehdit eden tehlikelerin başında çevre sorunlarının geldiği kabul edilmektedir. Ülkemizde hızla artan nüfusun ve sanayinin gelişimine bağlı olarak ciddi boyutlarda çevre kirliliği şekillenmektedir. Günümüzde hızlı endüstriyel gelişme, kullanılan yakıtlar, atıkların geri dönüşümlü olarak kullanılması, maden ocakları, yoğun tarımsal ilaç ve fosfatlı gübreler, atık sularla tarım alanlarının sulanması metaller ve metalik bileşiklerin çevreye yayımında etkili olmaktadır. Bu nedenle toprak, su kaynakları ile bitki örtüsü kirlenmekte, insan ve hayvanların tükettiği gıdalarda bu kirleticilerden etkilenmektedir. Ağır metaller çevre şartlarına dayanıklı olup biyolojik sistemlerde ve besinlerde birikim yaparlar. Son yıllarda önem kazanan metal toksikasyon olgularında metalin türü, diğer metallerle etkileşimi ve konsantrasyonlarına bağlı olarak insan ve hayvanlarda ölüme kadar gidebilen zehirlenmelere yol açar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağır metal kalıntı sağlık

Kaynakça

  • Aafco.1999. Official Publication. Associaton Of American Feed Control Officials, Atlanta, Ga.
  • Aschner M, Aschner Jl 1990. Meercury Neurotox- icitiy: Mechanisms Of Blood-Brain Barrier Tras- port. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 14:169-176.
  • Baydar, T., Şahin, G., Aydin, A., Işimer, A., Aka- lin, S., And Duru, S.1996. Al/Cr Ratio In Plasma And Urine Of Diabetics. Trace Elem. Electrol., 13:50-53.
  • Buchet Jp, Lauwerys, Vandevoorde A, Pycke Jm. 1983. Oral Daily Intake Of Cadmium, Lead, Manganese, Copper, Mercury And Arsenic In Belgium: A Duplicate Meal Study. Fundamental Chemistry Toxicology.2:19-24.
  • Carson Tl. 1986. Water Quality For Livestock. In: Hovard Jl Ed.). Curent Veterinary Therapy: Food Animals Practise 2,. B. Sounders Company, 381- 384.
  • Dave, G. And Xiu, R.1991. Toxicity Of Mercury, Copper, Nichel, Lead And Cobalt To Embryos And Larvae Of Zebrafish, Brachydanicrerio. Arch. Environ. Contan. Tox. 21:126-134.
  • Dede Öh, Özdemir S.2002. Tarım Topraklarında Ağır Metal Kirliliği. Ekin Dergisi, 20:58-64.
  • Elson M, Haas. Md. 1999. Staying Healty With Nutrition. The Complete Quide To Diet And Nu- tritional Medicine.
  • Faroon, O.M., Williams, M., O’conner, R. 1995. A Review Of The Carcinogenicity Of Chemicals Most Frequently Found At National Priorities List Sites. Toxicol. Indus. Health, 251), 53-60.
  • Fsis.1998. The Food Safety And Inspection Ser- vice. Erişim:Http://Www.Fsis.Usda.Gov. Erişim Tarihi: 16.11.2003.
  • Fujimoto Y, Yabuno T, Kato M, Nishioka K, Fujita T 1986. Effect Of Methyl Mercury On Prostoglandin Synthesis In Rabbit Kidney Medul- la Slices. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharma- col. 54:115-119.
  • Gaga Eo. 1997. Exposure And Health Effects Of Mobile Sources Emissions. A Thesis Submitted To The Graduate School Of Natural And The Ap- plied Sciences Of The Middle East Technical Un- iversty. Master Of Science November.
  • Grace, N.D., Lee, J.1990. Effect Of Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se And Zn Supplementation On The Elemental Content Of Soft Tissues And Bone In Sheep Grazing Ryegrass/White Clover Pasture. New Zealand J.Agr. Res 33: 635-647..
  • Harada M. 1986. Congenital Minamata Disease: Intrauterin Methyl Mercury Poisoning., Teratogen Update: Environmentally Induced Birth Defect Risk. Ed.R Alan), Liss Inc.Pp.13-126.
  • Huysmans, K.D., Frankenberger, W. T. 1990. Arsenic Resistant Microorganisms Isolated From Agricultural Drainage Water And Evaporation Pond Sediments. Water, Air Soil Pollut., 53 1-2), 159-168.
  • Ikeda M, Zhang Zw, Higashikawa Wa 1999. Background Exposure Of General Women Popu- lations In Japon To Cadmium In The Environment And Possible Health Effects. Toxicology Letters, 108:161-166.
  • Ipcs.1990. Environmental Health Criteria Docu- ment 101. Methlymercury. International Pro- gramme On Chemical Safety. Who. Genava
  • Ipcs.2001. No, 224: Arsenic Erişim: (Http:// Www.Who.Int./Pcs/Ehc/Summaries/Ehc- 224.Html)Erişim Tarihi: 22.11.2003
  • Ipcs.1999 No,194: Aluminium.Erişim:(Http:// Www.Who.Int./Pcs/Ehc/Summaries/Ehc- 194.Html Erişim Tarihi: 22.11.2003
  • Irva Hp. 2000.The Evidence That Lead Increases The Risk For Spontaneous Abortion. Phd) Ameri- can Journal Of Industrial Medicine. 8: 300-309.
  • Kaya S, Akar F. 1998. Metaller, Diğer Inorganik Ve Radyoetkin Maddeler. In: Kaya S, Prinççi İ, Bilgili A Ed). Veteriner Hekimliğinde Toksikolo- ji, Medisan Yayınevi, 1.Baskı, Ankara, 119-154.
  • Kaya, S., Alabay, B., Baydan, E., Altunay, H. 1995. Ağır Metallerin Tavuk Embriyolarında Te- ratojenik Etkileri: Arsenik Ve Kurşun Ayrı Ayrı Ve Birlikte Kullanılmasının Etkileri. A. Ü. Vet. Fak. Derg. 42: 225-233.
  • Kazanthis G, Lam Th, Sullivan Kr. 1988. Mortali- ty Of Cadmium-Exposed Workers. A Five-Year Uptake. Scandinavia Journal Of Working Envi- ronmental Health, 14: 220-223.
  • Klaassen Cd. 1990. Heavy Metals And Heavy Metal Antagonists. In Goodman And Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis Of Therapeutics, 8th Edition, Pergamon Pres, New York.
  • Kramer, H.L., Steiner, J.W And Vallely, P.J. 1983. Trace Element Concentrations In The Liver, Kidney And Muscle Of Queenslan Cattle. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 30:588-594.
  • Krueger, G.L., Morris, T.K., Suskind, R.R., Win- den, E.M. 1985. The Health Effects Of Aluminum Compounds In Animals. Crs Critical Reviews In Toxicology, 13, 1-24.
  • Langlands, J.P., Donald, G. E. And Smith, A. J.1987. Analysis Of Data Collected In A Residue Survey: Copper And Zinc Concentrations In Liv- er, Kidney And Muscle In Australion Sheep And Cattle. Aust. J.Exp. Agric. 27: 485-491.
  • Lauwery R.,Bonnier Ch, Evrard Ph, Gennart J, Bernard A 1987. Prenatal And Early Postnatal In- toxication By Inorganic Mercury Resulting From The Maternal Use Of Mercury Containing Soap. Human Toxicol., 6:253-256.
  • Leonard, A., Gerber, G.B.1988. Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity And Teratogenicity Of Alumi- nium, Mutation Research, 198, 247-257.
  • Lu, F.J., Hong, C.L., Luo, M.F., Shimizu, H. 1993. Mutagenicity Of Drinking Well Water. En- viron. Contam. Toxicol., 514), 545-550.
  • Maff-Archive.1997.Food Standart Agen- cy.Erişim:Http://Archive.Food.Gov.Uk/Maff/Arc hive/Food/Infsheet/1997/No 113/Table I.Htm. Erişim Tarihi: 28.11.2003
  • Mor, F. 2002. Cadmium And Lead Contamination In Vegetables And Feeding Stuffs In Respect To The Effects Of Heavy Traffic, Industry, Urbaniza- tion And Agricultural Activities In Bursa, Phd Thesis. Institute Of Health Sciences, Uludag Uni- versity.
  • Needleman Hl. 1986. Empirical And Epistemic Issues In The Study Of Low Close Lead Effects. Neurotoxicity, 7:497-514.
  • Niemi, A., Venoloinen, E.R., Hirui, T., Hirn, J. And Kappanen, E. 1991.The Lead, Cadmium And Mercury Concentrations In Muscle, Liver And Kidney From Finnish Pigs And Cattle During 1987-1988. Lebensm. Unters Forsch. 192:427-29.
  • Nrc. 1980. Mineral Tolerance Of Domestic Ani- mals. National Academy Press, Washington, Dc.
  • Oliveira Dbg, Foster G, Savill J, Syme Pd, Taylor A.1987. Membranous Nephropathy Caused By Mercury-Containing Skin Lightening Cream. Postgraduate Med. J. 63:303-304.
  • Parada, R.1987. Industrial Pollution With Copper And Other Heavy Metals In A Beef Cattle Ranch. Vet. And Hum. Toxicol. 37:110-112.
  • Pyysalo, H., And Wickstrom, K.1986. Heavy Metals And Organochlorine Compounds In Seals In The Gulf Of Filland. M. Environ. Res. 18:43- 59.
  • Rao, P. P. V.V., Jordan, S. A., Bhatnager, M.K. 1989. Combined Nephrotoxicity Of Methylmer- cury, Lead And Cadmium In Pekin Ducts: Metal- lothionein, Metal Interactions And Histolopathol- ogy. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 26: 327-348.
  • Ryssen, J., B., J., V.1994. The Effectiveness Of Using Supplementaty Zinc And Molybdeneum To Reduce The Copper Content In The Liver Of Hypercuprotic Sheep. S. Afr. Vet. Ass. 65:59-63.
  • Scheuhammer Am.1987.. The Chronic Toxicity Of Aluminium, Cadmium, Mercury And Lead In Birds. A Review. Environmental Pollution, 46:263-295.
  • Scheuhammer, A.M.1987. The Chronic Toxicity Of Aluminium, Cadmium, Mercury, And Lead In Birds: A Review, Environ. Pollut., 46, 263-295.
  • Schrag Sd, Dixon Rl 1985. Occupational Expo- sures Associated With Male Reproductive Dys- function. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 25:567- 592.
  • Schuhmacher M, Bosgue Ma, Domingo Jl, Cor- bella J. 1991. Dietary Take Of Lead And Cad- mium From Foods In Tarragona Province, Spain. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, 46:320-328.
  • Seçer S, Bozkurt Y. 2001. Ağır Metallerden Civanın Balıklara Toksik Etkisi. Ekin Dergisi, 18: 83-87.
  • Shan, A.S., Davis, R.H. 1994. Effect Of Dictary Phytate On Growth And Selenium Status Of Chicks Fed Selenite Or Selenomethionine. British Poultry Sci. 35: 725-741.
  • Sonal S.1994. Hayvansal Besinlerdeki Metal Kalıntıları. Tübitak, Veterinerlik Ve Hayvancılık Araştırma Grubu Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Rapo- ru,138-159. Ankara.
  • Sorahan T. 1987.Mortality From Lung Cancer Among A Cohort Of Nichel Cadmium Battery Workers. British Journal Medicine, 44:803-809.
  • Şenavci V., Erdinç B., Gürsel B., Sonal S., Seval S. 1996. Ankara Ve Bursa’da Tüketime Sunulan Sığır, Koyun Ve Kanatlı Karaciğer Ve Böbrekle- rinde Ağır Metal Kalıntıdüzeylerininaraştırılması.Erişim:Http://Ww w.Tagem.Gov.Tr/Eng/Projelere96/Food/Food15ht ml Erişim Tarihi: 11.11.2003
  • Vig P, Bratia M, Gill O, Nath R 1989. Cadmium Inhibits Brain Calmodulin In Vitro And In Vivo Studies. Bulletin Of Environmental Pollution, 43: 541-547.
  • Vos Rh, Van Dokkum W, Olthof Pda. 1984 Pesti- cides And Other Chemical Residues In Dutch To- tal Diet Samples. Fundamental Chemistry Toxi- cology, 22:11-21.
  • Who. 1992. Cadmium Enviromental Healty Crite- ria., No.134) Geneva.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Firdevs Mor Bu kişi benim

Özen Kurşun Bu kişi benim

Neslihan Erdoğan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Mor, F., Kurşun, Ö., & Erdoğan, N. (2009). Effects of Heavy Metals Residues On Human Health. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 59-65.
AMA Mor F, Kurşun Ö, Erdoğan N. Effects of Heavy Metals Residues On Human Health. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. Haziran 2009;28(1):59-65.
Chicago Mor, Firdevs, Özen Kurşun, ve Neslihan Erdoğan. “Effects of Heavy Metals Residues On Human Health”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 28, sy. 1 (Haziran 2009): 59-65.
EndNote Mor F, Kurşun Ö, Erdoğan N (01 Haziran 2009) Effects of Heavy Metals Residues On Human Health. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 28 1 59–65.
IEEE F. Mor, Ö. Kurşun, ve N. Erdoğan, “Effects of Heavy Metals Residues On Human Health”, Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 28, sy. 1, ss. 59–65, 2009.
ISNAD Mor, Firdevs vd. “Effects of Heavy Metals Residues On Human Health”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 28/1 (Haziran 2009), 59-65.
JAMA Mor F, Kurşun Ö, Erdoğan N. Effects of Heavy Metals Residues On Human Health. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009;28:59–65.
MLA Mor, Firdevs vd. “Effects of Heavy Metals Residues On Human Health”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 28, sy. 1, 2009, ss. 59-65.
Vancouver Mor F, Kurşun Ö, Erdoğan N. Effects of Heavy Metals Residues On Human Health. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009;28(1):59-65.