Kentlerde Sessiz/Sakin Alanların Önemi Ve Eskişehir Kurşunlu Cami ve Külliyesi Bahçesinin İşitsel Peyzaj Yaklaşımıyla Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 69 - 77, 31.12.2022

Gülşen Akın Güler , Aslı Özçevik Bilen

https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1202473

Öz

Hızla büyüyen, kalabalıklaşan, karmaşıklaşan ve daha gürültülü hale gelen kentlerde yaşam kalitesi giderek düşmekte ve kentte yaşayan insanlar sessiz/sakin bir ortamda dinlenme, rahatlama ve rehabilite olma ihtiyacı hissetmektedir. Bu anlamda kentsel bölgelerdeki park, bahçe, avlu vb. açık alanlar sessiz/sakin alan olarak, bu ihtiyacın karşılanması için kullanılabilecek öneme sahip mekanlardır. Bu tür yerlere örnek bir alan olarak Eskişehir Kurşunlu Camii ve Külliyesi bahçesi bu çalışmada konu edilmiştir. Eskişehir Odunpazarı Kentsel Sit Alanı içerisinde bulunan ve bir Osmanlı Dönemi yapı grubu olan külliye, tarihi değeri ve turistik kullanımı ile ön plana çıksa da külliyeyi oluşturan binaların arasında kalan yeşil alan, çevresine göre sessiz/sakin bir yer olma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu bağlamda bahçe, alana sessizlik/sakinlik niteliği kazandıran özellikleri açısından işitsel peyzaj yaklaşımıyla alan çalışması üzerinden incelenerek sessiz/sakin alan olma potansiyeli değerlendirilmiş, sessizlik/sakinlik algısını etkileyen faktörler (akustik özellikler, mekânsal özelikler, işlev) belirlenmiştir. Alan çalışmasında akustik ölçüm ve anket yapılmıştır.
Akustik ölçüm sonuçlarına göre alandaki ses basınç düzeyi (LAeq) kabul edilebilir düzeyin (55 dB’in) altındadır. Anket sonuçlarına göre ise beklenene paralel olarak alan, çoğunluk tarafından sessiz/sakin olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Alanda sessizlik/sakinlik algısını etkileyen faktörler alan özelliklerine göre; alanda su sesinin, kuş seslerinin ve dini seslerin duyulması; ses kaynağı sayısının ve çeşidinin az olması; yetişkin ağaçların bulunması, alanın tarihi ve kültürel değere sahip olması şeklinde ifade edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Kurşunlu Camii ve Külliyesi bahçesinin sessiz/sakin alan olarak kullanılabileceği ve dolayısıyla farklı kentsel bölgelerde bu alan ile benzer özelliklere sahip açık alanların da ergonomik kent koşullarının oluşturulmasına katkı sağlayan alanlar olarak değerlendirilebileceği ortaya konulmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sessiz/Sakin Alanlar, İşitsel Peyzaj, Sessizlik/Sakinlik Algısı, Kent Ergonomisi, Eskişehir Kurşunlu Camii ve Külliyesi

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma 28. Ulusal Ergonomi Kongresi’nde sunulmuştur.

The Importance of Quiet/Calm Areas in Cities and an Assessment of the Eskisehir Kursunlu Mosque and Complex with Soundscape Approach

Öz

The quality of life in rapidly growing, crowded, complex and noisy cities is gradually decreasing and people living in the city feel the need to rest, relax and rehabilitate in a quiet/calm environment. In this sense, open spaces such as parks, gardens, courtyards, etc. in urban areas are places of importance that can be used as quiet/calm spaces to meet this need. Eskisehir Kursunlu Mosque and Complex garden, as an example area for such places, is the subject of this study. Although the complex, which is an Ottoman Period building group and located in the Eskisehir Odunpazarı Historical and Urban Conservation Site, comes to the fore with its historical value and touristic use, the green area between the buildings that make up the complex has the potential to be a quiet place compared to its surroundings. In this context, the garden was examined through fieldwork with soundscape approach in terms of the features that give the area the quality of quietness/calmness, its potential to be a quiet/calm area has been evaluated, and the factors affecting the perception of quietness/ calmness (acoustic features, spatial features, function) have been determined. During the field study, acoustic measurements and questionnaire have been made. According to the acoustic measurement results, the sound pressure level (LAeq) in the area is below the acceptable level (55 dB). In parallel with the expectations, as to the results of the survey, the area has been evaluated as quiet/calm by the majority. The factors affecting the perception of quietness/calmness in the area, depending on the characteristics of the area; expressed as hearing water sounds, bird sounds, and religious sounds in the area; low number and variety of sound sources; the presence of mature trees, the historical and cultural value of the area. As a result, it has been revealed that the garden of Kursunlu Mosque and Complex can be used as a quiet/calm area, and therefore, open spaces with similar characteristics in different urban regions can also be considered as areas that contribute to the creation of ergonomic urban condition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Quiet/Calm Areas, Soundscape, Perception of Quietness /Calmness, Urban Ergonomics, Eskisehir Kursunlu Mosque and Complex, Sessiz/Sakin Alanlar, İşitsel Peyzaj, Sessizlik/Sakinlik Algısı, Kent Ergonomisi, Eskişehir Kurşunlu Camii ve Külliyesi

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