Sosyodemografik Değişkenlerin Dispozofobi (Biriktiricilik) Üzerine Etkisi
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 906 - 919
Merve Melehat Yatağan
,
Karya Özler
,
Pınar Çiçekoğlu Öztürk
Öz
Öz: Amaç: Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinin bazı sosyodemografik özellikleri ile biriktirme bozukluğu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikteki araştırmanın evrenini bir üniversitesin sağlık bilimleri fakültesine eğitimine devam eden üniversite öğrencileri oluşturdu. Çalışma, araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü 343 öğrenci ile tamamlandı. Veriler Mart-Mayıs 2023 tarihleri arasında Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu ve Biriktirme Envanteri-Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu ile yüz yüze toplandı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerinin yaş ortalaması 21,63±1,67, %67,1’i kadın ve %44’ü dördüncü sınıfta eğitimine devam etmektedir. Öğrencilerin biriktirme envanteri toplam puan ortalaması 33,62±13,34; eşya kalabalıklığı alt boyut puan ortalaması 12,28±6,05; edinme alma alt boyut puan ortalaması 11,00±4,47; atmada zorluk alt boyut puan ortalaması 10,33±4,97’dir. Biriktirme envanteri puan ortalaması ile cinsiyet, algılanan gelir, koleksiyon yapma, travmatik bir olay yaşama ve fiziksel bir hastalık varlığı değişkenlerinin ilişkili olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Biriktirme bozukluğunun ilk belirtilerinin çocukluk ve ergenlik döneminde başladığı, erişkinlik döneminde birçok alanda işlevselliği bozulduğu, yaşam kalitesini düşürdüğü göz önüne alındığında; ergenliğin sonu erişkinliğin başında olan üniversite öğrencilerinde biriktirme bozukluğunun erken dönemde tespiti, tedavi edilmesi ve önlenmesi önemlidir.
Etik Beyan
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesinin tıp ve sağlık bilimleri etik kurulundan onay (Protokol No:230161, Karar no:3, Karar tarihi:11.01.2023) alınmıştır.
Destekleyen Kurum
TÜBİTAK
Proje Numarası
Proje numarası:1919B012207286
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı (Proje numarası:1919B012207286) kapsamında desteklenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Akıncı, M. A., Turan, B., Esin, İ. S., & Dursun, O. B. (2022). Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior and hoarding disorder in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 31(10), 1623-1634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-01928-4
- Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. (2014). Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı. Ed. Köroğlu, E. Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
- American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Aytaç, H. M., & Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2015). DSM-5’in yeniliklerinden ‘istifleme bozukluğu’: Bir olgu sunumu. Güncel Psikiyatri ve Psikonörofarmakoloji, 5(1), 34-40.
- Bulut, S. D., Özdel, K., & Kısa, C. (2015). Belirtiden bozukluğa istifleme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 7(3), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20150122120300
- Bloom, P. (2017). Hazzın bilimi. Ed. Cankoçak, K. Alfa Basım Yayım.
- Burton, C. L., Crosbie, J., Dupuis, A., Mathews, C. A., Soreni, N., Schachar, R., & Arnold, P. D. (2016). Clinical correlates of hoarding with and without comorbid obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a community pediatric sample. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 55(2), 114-121.e112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.012
- Chou, C. Y., Tsoh, J. Y., Smith, L. C., Bain, L. D., Botcheva, L., Chan, E., & Mathews, C. A. (2018). How is hoarding related to trauma? A detailed examination of different aspects of hoarding and age when hoarding started. J Obsess Relat Disord, 16, 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.12.002
- Demirhan, N., & Yorulmaz, O. (2012). Biriktirme Envanteri-Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu’nun Türkçe’ye uyarlanması ve yetişkin örnekleminde psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Paper presented at the 17th National Psychology Congress, İstanbul, Turkey.
- Dozier, M. E., Chabaud, S., Krafft, J., Nix, C. A., Schaff, B., Yee, K., & Stewart, M. G. (2024). Psychosocial impact of hoarding symptoms in college students and the potential for early intervention. J. Am. Coll. Heal., 1(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2024.1234567
- Fawcett, E. J., Power, H., & Fawcett, J. M. (2020). Women are at greater risk of OCD than men: a meta-analytic review of OCD prevalence worldwide. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 81(4), 13075.
- Frost, R. O., & Gross, R. C. (1993). The hoarding of possessions. Behav Res Ther, 31(4), 367-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(93)90094-B
- Frost, R. O., & Hartl, T. L. (1996). A cognitive-behavioral model of compulsive hoarding. Behav Res Ther, 34(4), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00071-2
- Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., & Grisham, J. (2004). Measurement of compulsive hoarding: Saving Inventory-Revised. Behav Res Ther, 42(10), 1163-1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.07.006
- Frost, R. O., & Hristova, V. (2011). Assessment of hoarding. J. Clin. Psychol, 67(5), 456-466. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20790
- Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., & Tolin, D. F. (2012). Diagnosis and assessment of hoarding disorder. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 8, 219-242. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143116
- Grisham, J. R., Steketee, G., & Frost, R. O. (2008). Interpersonal problems and emotional intelligence in compulsive hoarding. Depress Anxiety, 25(1), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20286
- Ivanov, V. Z., Mataix-Cols, D., Serlachius, E., Lichtenstein, P., … Rück, C. (2013). Prevalence, comorbidity and heritability of hoarding symptoms in adolescence: A population based twin study in 15-year olds. PLoS ONE, 8(7), e69140. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069140
- Iervolino, A. C., Perroud, N., Fullana, M. A., Guipponi, M., Cherkas, L., Collier, D. A., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2009). Prevalence and heritability of compulsive hoarding: A twin study. Am. J. Psychiatry, 166(10), 1156-1161. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08121789
- Kellett, S., Greenhalgh, R., Beail, N., & Ridgway, N. (2010). Compulsive hoarding: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Behav Cogn Psychother, 38(2), 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465809990564
- Kress, V. E., Stargell, N. A., Zoldan, C. A., & Paylo, M. J. (2016). Hoarding disorder: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. J. Couns Dev., 94(1), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12063
- Kyrios, M., Frost, R., & Steketee, G. (2004). Cognitions in compulsive buying and acquisition. Cogn Ther Res, 28(2), 241-258. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:COTR.0000021543.62799.35
- Landau, D., Iervolino, A. C., Pertusa, A., Santo, S., Singh, S., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2011). Stressful life events and material deprivation in hoarding disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 25(2), 192-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.09.002
- Lei, M., & Lomax, R. G. (2005). The effect of varying degrees of nonnormality in structural equation modeling. Struct. Equ. Model., 12(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1201_1
- Lin, N., Bacala, L., Martin, S., Bratiotis, C., & Muroff, J. (2023). Hoarding disorder: The current evidence in conceptualization, intervention, and evaluation. Psychiatr Clin North Am., 46(1), 181-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2022.09.009
- Mataix-Cols, D. (2014). Hoarding disorder. New England J Med., 370(21), 2023-2030. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1312660
- Mathews, C. A. (2014). Hoarding disorder: More than just a problem of too much stuff. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 75(8), e8301. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14070tx1c
- Mueller, A., Mitchell, J. E., Crosby, R. D., Glaesmer, H., & de Zwaan, M. (2009). The prevalence of compulsive hoarding and its association with compulsive buying in a German population-based sample. Behav Res Ther, 47(8), 705-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.005
- Nordsletten, A. E., Reichenberg, A., Hatch, S. L., Fernández de la Cruz, L., Pertusa, A., Hotopf, M., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Epidemiology of hoarding disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry, 203(6), 445-452. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.130195
- Postlethwaite, A., Kellett, S., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2019). Prevalence of hoarding disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord, 256, 309-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.015
- Przeworski, A., Cain, N., & Dunbeck, K. (2014). Traumatic life events in individuals with hoarding symptoms, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and comorbid obsessive-compulsive and hoarding symptoms. J Obsess-Compuls Relat, 3(1), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.10.005
- Proctor, B. D., Semega, J. L., & Kollar, M. A. (2016). Income and poverty in the United States: 2015. US Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, 14. Available at: https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/demo/p60-256.pdf
- Samuels, J. F., Bienvenu, O. J., Grados, M. A., Cullen, B., ... Nestadt, G. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in a community-based sample. Behav Res Ther, 46(7), 836-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.04.004
- Shaw, A. M., Witcraft, S. M., & Timpano, K. R. (2016). The relationship between traumatic life events and hoarding symptoms: A multi-method approach. Cogn Behav Ther, 45(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2015.1107094
- Singh, S., Hooper, M., & Jones, C. (2017). İstifleme bağımlılığı. Ed. Yener, N. Kuraldışı Yayınevi.
Steketee, G., & Frost, R. (2003). Compulsive hoarding: Current status of the research. Clin. Psychol. Rev., 23(7), 905-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(03)00076-6
- Spittlehouse, J. K., Vierck, E., Pearson, J. F., & Joyce, P. R. (2016). Personality, mental health and demographic correlates of hoarding behaviours in a midlife sample. Peer J, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2826
Steketee, G., Frost, R., & Kyrios, M. (2003). Cognitive aspects of compulsive hoarding. Cogn Ther Res, 27(4), 463-479. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025439917253
- Timpano, K. R., Exner, C., Glaesmer, H., Rief, W., Keshaviah, A., Brähler, E., & Wilhelm, S. (2011). The epidemiology of the proposed DSM-5 hoarding disorder: Exploration of the acquisition specifier, associated features, and distress. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 72(6), 6539. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.10m06548
- Tolin, D. F., Meunier, S. A., Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (2010). Course of compulsive hoarding and its relationship to life events. Depress Anxiety, 27(9), 829-838. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20691
- Yorulmaz, O., & Demirhan, N. (2015). Cognitive correlates of hoarding symptoms: An exploratory study with a non-Western community sample. J Obsess-Compuls Relat, 7, 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.07.002
- Wheaton, M., Timpano, K. R., LaSalle-Ricci, V. H., & Murphy, D. (2008). Characterizing the hoarding phenotype in individuals with OCD: Associations with comorbidity, severity, and gender. J Anxiety Disord, 22(2), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.02.002
The Effect of Sociodemographic Factors on Dysposophobia (Hoarding)
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 906 - 919
Merve Melehat Yatağan
,
Karya Özler
,
Pınar Çiçekoğlu Öztürk
Öz
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between some sociodemographic characteristics of university students and hoarding disorder. Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional study population consisted of university students attending a university's faculty of health sciences. The study was completed with 343 students who volunteered to participate in the study. Data were collected face-to-face between March and May 2023 using the Sociodemographic Information Form and the Saving Inventory-Revised Form. Results: The mean age of the students participating in the study was 21.63±1.67 years, 67.1% were female, and 44% were continuing their education in the fourth grade. The mean total score of the saving inventory was 33.62±13.34; the mean score of the item clutter sub-dimension was 12.28±6.05; the mean score of the acquisition sub-dimension was 11.00±4.47; and the mean score of the difficulty in discarding sub-dimension was 10.33±4.97. It was determined that the variables of gender, perceived income, collecting, experiencing a traumatic event, and the presence of a physical illness were associated with the mean score of the accumulation inventory. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the variables of gender, perceived income, make a collection, experiencing a traumatic event and the presence of a physical illness were associated with the mean score of the accumulation inventory. In light of the fact that the initial indications of hoarding disorder emerge during childhood and adolescence, impairing functionality in numerous domains in adulthood and reducing quality of life, it is crucial to prioritise the early detection, treatment and prevention of hoarding disorder in university students in late adolescence and early adulthood.
Proje Numarası
Proje numarası:1919B012207286
Kaynakça
- Akıncı, M. A., Turan, B., Esin, İ. S., & Dursun, O. B. (2022). Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior and hoarding disorder in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 31(10), 1623-1634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-01928-4
- Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. (2014). Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı. Ed. Köroğlu, E. Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
- American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Aytaç, H. M., & Hocaoğlu, Ç. (2015). DSM-5’in yeniliklerinden ‘istifleme bozukluğu’: Bir olgu sunumu. Güncel Psikiyatri ve Psikonörofarmakoloji, 5(1), 34-40.
- Bulut, S. D., Özdel, K., & Kısa, C. (2015). Belirtiden bozukluğa istifleme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 7(3), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20150122120300
- Bloom, P. (2017). Hazzın bilimi. Ed. Cankoçak, K. Alfa Basım Yayım.
- Burton, C. L., Crosbie, J., Dupuis, A., Mathews, C. A., Soreni, N., Schachar, R., & Arnold, P. D. (2016). Clinical correlates of hoarding with and without comorbid obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a community pediatric sample. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 55(2), 114-121.e112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.012
- Chou, C. Y., Tsoh, J. Y., Smith, L. C., Bain, L. D., Botcheva, L., Chan, E., & Mathews, C. A. (2018). How is hoarding related to trauma? A detailed examination of different aspects of hoarding and age when hoarding started. J Obsess Relat Disord, 16, 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.12.002
- Demirhan, N., & Yorulmaz, O. (2012). Biriktirme Envanteri-Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu’nun Türkçe’ye uyarlanması ve yetişkin örnekleminde psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Paper presented at the 17th National Psychology Congress, İstanbul, Turkey.
- Dozier, M. E., Chabaud, S., Krafft, J., Nix, C. A., Schaff, B., Yee, K., & Stewart, M. G. (2024). Psychosocial impact of hoarding symptoms in college students and the potential for early intervention. J. Am. Coll. Heal., 1(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2024.1234567
- Fawcett, E. J., Power, H., & Fawcett, J. M. (2020). Women are at greater risk of OCD than men: a meta-analytic review of OCD prevalence worldwide. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 81(4), 13075.
- Frost, R. O., & Gross, R. C. (1993). The hoarding of possessions. Behav Res Ther, 31(4), 367-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(93)90094-B
- Frost, R. O., & Hartl, T. L. (1996). A cognitive-behavioral model of compulsive hoarding. Behav Res Ther, 34(4), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00071-2
- Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., & Grisham, J. (2004). Measurement of compulsive hoarding: Saving Inventory-Revised. Behav Res Ther, 42(10), 1163-1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.07.006
- Frost, R. O., & Hristova, V. (2011). Assessment of hoarding. J. Clin. Psychol, 67(5), 456-466. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20790
- Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., & Tolin, D. F. (2012). Diagnosis and assessment of hoarding disorder. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 8, 219-242. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143116
- Grisham, J. R., Steketee, G., & Frost, R. O. (2008). Interpersonal problems and emotional intelligence in compulsive hoarding. Depress Anxiety, 25(1), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20286
- Ivanov, V. Z., Mataix-Cols, D., Serlachius, E., Lichtenstein, P., … Rück, C. (2013). Prevalence, comorbidity and heritability of hoarding symptoms in adolescence: A population based twin study in 15-year olds. PLoS ONE, 8(7), e69140. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069140
- Iervolino, A. C., Perroud, N., Fullana, M. A., Guipponi, M., Cherkas, L., Collier, D. A., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2009). Prevalence and heritability of compulsive hoarding: A twin study. Am. J. Psychiatry, 166(10), 1156-1161. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08121789
- Kellett, S., Greenhalgh, R., Beail, N., & Ridgway, N. (2010). Compulsive hoarding: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Behav Cogn Psychother, 38(2), 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465809990564
- Kress, V. E., Stargell, N. A., Zoldan, C. A., & Paylo, M. J. (2016). Hoarding disorder: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. J. Couns Dev., 94(1), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12063
- Kyrios, M., Frost, R., & Steketee, G. (2004). Cognitions in compulsive buying and acquisition. Cogn Ther Res, 28(2), 241-258. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:COTR.0000021543.62799.35
- Landau, D., Iervolino, A. C., Pertusa, A., Santo, S., Singh, S., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2011). Stressful life events and material deprivation in hoarding disorder. J Anxiety Disord, 25(2), 192-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.09.002
- Lei, M., & Lomax, R. G. (2005). The effect of varying degrees of nonnormality in structural equation modeling. Struct. Equ. Model., 12(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1201_1
- Lin, N., Bacala, L., Martin, S., Bratiotis, C., & Muroff, J. (2023). Hoarding disorder: The current evidence in conceptualization, intervention, and evaluation. Psychiatr Clin North Am., 46(1), 181-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2022.09.009
- Mataix-Cols, D. (2014). Hoarding disorder. New England J Med., 370(21), 2023-2030. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1312660
- Mathews, C. A. (2014). Hoarding disorder: More than just a problem of too much stuff. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 75(8), e8301. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14070tx1c
- Mueller, A., Mitchell, J. E., Crosby, R. D., Glaesmer, H., & de Zwaan, M. (2009). The prevalence of compulsive hoarding and its association with compulsive buying in a German population-based sample. Behav Res Ther, 47(8), 705-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.005
- Nordsletten, A. E., Reichenberg, A., Hatch, S. L., Fernández de la Cruz, L., Pertusa, A., Hotopf, M., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2013). Epidemiology of hoarding disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry, 203(6), 445-452. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.130195
- Postlethwaite, A., Kellett, S., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2019). Prevalence of hoarding disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord, 256, 309-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.015
- Przeworski, A., Cain, N., & Dunbeck, K. (2014). Traumatic life events in individuals with hoarding symptoms, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and comorbid obsessive-compulsive and hoarding symptoms. J Obsess-Compuls Relat, 3(1), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.10.005
- Proctor, B. D., Semega, J. L., & Kollar, M. A. (2016). Income and poverty in the United States: 2015. US Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, 14. Available at: https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/demo/p60-256.pdf
- Samuels, J. F., Bienvenu, O. J., Grados, M. A., Cullen, B., ... Nestadt, G. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in a community-based sample. Behav Res Ther, 46(7), 836-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.04.004
- Shaw, A. M., Witcraft, S. M., & Timpano, K. R. (2016). The relationship between traumatic life events and hoarding symptoms: A multi-method approach. Cogn Behav Ther, 45(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2015.1107094
- Singh, S., Hooper, M., & Jones, C. (2017). İstifleme bağımlılığı. Ed. Yener, N. Kuraldışı Yayınevi.
Steketee, G., & Frost, R. (2003). Compulsive hoarding: Current status of the research. Clin. Psychol. Rev., 23(7), 905-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(03)00076-6
- Spittlehouse, J. K., Vierck, E., Pearson, J. F., & Joyce, P. R. (2016). Personality, mental health and demographic correlates of hoarding behaviours in a midlife sample. Peer J, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2826
Steketee, G., Frost, R., & Kyrios, M. (2003). Cognitive aspects of compulsive hoarding. Cogn Ther Res, 27(4), 463-479. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025439917253
- Timpano, K. R., Exner, C., Glaesmer, H., Rief, W., Keshaviah, A., Brähler, E., & Wilhelm, S. (2011). The epidemiology of the proposed DSM-5 hoarding disorder: Exploration of the acquisition specifier, associated features, and distress. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 72(6), 6539. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.10m06548
- Tolin, D. F., Meunier, S. A., Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (2010). Course of compulsive hoarding and its relationship to life events. Depress Anxiety, 27(9), 829-838. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20691
- Yorulmaz, O., & Demirhan, N. (2015). Cognitive correlates of hoarding symptoms: An exploratory study with a non-Western community sample. J Obsess-Compuls Relat, 7, 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.07.002
- Wheaton, M., Timpano, K. R., LaSalle-Ricci, V. H., & Murphy, D. (2008). Characterizing the hoarding phenotype in individuals with OCD: Associations with comorbidity, severity, and gender. J Anxiety Disord, 22(2), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.02.002