FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTENİN ENGELLİ KİŞİLERDEKİ İYİ OLMA HALİ VE ÖZSAYGIYA DAİR OLUMLU ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 1, 37 - 50, 01.05.2012

Cem Satman

Öz

İskelet kasının ürettiği ve enerji tüketimiyle sonuçlanan her türlü vücut hareketi olarak tanımlanan fiziksel aktivitenin fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal faydaları tartışılmaz bir gerçektir. Özellikle son yıllarda fiziksel aktivite yolu ile sağlık problemlerine çözüm yolları üretme son derece etkili ve yaygın bir yöntem haline gelmiştir. Engelli bireylerin engelsiz insanlar ile aynı biçimde fiziksel aktivite eksikliğine bağlı sağlık problemleri yaşamalarının tespit edilmesiyle birlikte, hareket etmekten haz alma, eğlenme ve başarma gereksinimlerini yerine getirme açısından son derece önemli bir araç olmuştur. Ayrıca fiziksel aktivitelere katılım, engelli engelsiz tüm bireylerde duygusal ve davranışsal iyi olma hali ve özellikle de öz kavram ile olumlu bir ilişki içerisindedir. Engelli insanlar için fiziksel aktivite, özgüveni ve sağlıklı bir yaşamı teşvik eder. Öz saygılarını arttırarak, engellerinden dolayı genişletmekte zorluklarla karşılaştıkları sosyal ağlarını da büyütme fırsatı yaratır. Bu büyüme için engelli insanların cesaretlendirilmesi, teşvik edilmesi ve toplum içerisindeki yalıtılmışlıklarından kurtarılması gerekmektedir. Fiziksel aktivite bu durum için bir çözüm olarak değerlendirilebilir. Engelli insanların toplum içerisinde daha aktif ve katılımcı bir rol üstlenmeleri sadece onların yaşamlarını değil toplumun geri kalan bireylerinin yaşamlarını da zenginleştirecektir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fiziksel Aktivite, İyi olma Hali, Öz saygı

The Positive Effects of Physical Activity Related to Well Being and Self Esteem on Disabled People

Öz

The psychological, physical and social positive effects of physical activity, which is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure, is an inquestionable reality. To create solutions for health problems through physical activity became so effective and common especially in last years. After confirming that people with disabilities have health problems, just like people without any disabilities, due to lack of physical activity, it turned to an important tool for enjoying movement, having good time and accomplishment needs. Apart from that to join in to the physical activities, is positively related to emotional and behavioral well being and especially to self-esteem. Physical activity for disabled people, promotes self confidence and healthy life. It brings oppotunity to enlarge their social networks which is hard to enlarge due to their disabilities. It is necessary to encourage and promote disabled people. Also they should be saved from their isolations in the society. Physical activity can be taken as a solution. Disabled people's serving more active roles will not only enrich their lives but also other people's lives in the society

Anahtar Kelimeler

Physical Activity, Well-Being, Self-Esteem

Kaynakça

• Anderson J. E. (2002). Self-esteem: The Myth of the Century. Social Psychology Campbell University: web.campbell.edu/faculty/.../sample_paper.pdf
• Aksoy, A., Bilgiç, P., Ersoy. G. (2008). Fiziksel Aktivite, Beslenme ve Sağlıklı
• Yaşam, Hacettepe Üniversitesi - Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Şubat Diyetetik
• (sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/t50.pdf) Bölümü. 2008, Ankara.
• Bailey, R.,Bloodworth A. and McNamee N.(2008). Youth Sport and Well-being: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/242077727_Youth_Sport_and_Well_bei ng?ev=auth_pub
• Best, J. (2001). Sport and People with Disability: Aiming at Social Inclusion, A
• Report for Sportscotland, ISBN 1850603847: http://www.sportscotland.org.uk
• /sportscotland/ Documents/ Resources/ disabilityrr.pdf
• Brown, J. D.,& Marshall, M. A. (2006). The three faces of self-esteem. In M. Kernis (Ed.), Selfesteem: Issues and answers (syf. 4-9). New York: Psychology Press.
• Cenkseven, F., Akbaş, T. (2007). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Öznel ve Psikolojik
• İyi olmanın Yordayıcılarının İncelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve
• Rehberlik Dergisi, Cilt 3 sayı 27, Syf. 43-65.
• Caspersen, C.J.,Powell, K.E., Christenson, G.M, (1985). Physical Activity, Exercise,and Physical Fitness: Definitions and Distinctions for Health-Related Research. Public Health Reports, March-April, Vol. 100, No:2, Syf.126-131.
• Cooke, M.,Greer, E., Murray, K., McGeown, P., McVicker, D. &Ruddy, M. (2009). Promoting Physical Activity with Older People, A Source for sports Development Teams and Leisure Centres.
• http://www.sportni.net/NR/rdonlyres/45D1A19E-735C-4F0A-A3D7
• F563BA38D9/0/ Promoting Physical Activity Older People. pdf
• Department of Health PA, Health Improvement and Protection, (2011). Start Active, Stay Active: A report on physical activity from the four home countries’. ChiefMedicalOfficers. London: Department of Health.
• Donaldson, S.J. and Ronan, K.R. (2006). The effects of Sports Participation on Young Adolescents' Emotional Well-Being. Adolescence. Vol 41, No:162, Summer 2006, Syf. 369-389.
• Eryılmaz, A. (2009).Barışa yönelik tutumların Özsaygı ve cinsiyet değişkenleriyle İncelenmesi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. Cilt 12, Sayı 21, Haziran 2009, syf. 23-31.
• Eryılmaz, A. ve Atak, H. (2011). Beliren Yetişkinlik Döneminde Özsaygı, Cinsiyet ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerine Göre Romantik Yakınlığı Başlatmanın İncelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri • Educational Sciences: Theory&Practice - 11(2), Bahar/Spring. Syf. 587-600
• Finch,N., Lawton, D., Williams. J.and Sloper, P. (2001). Disability Survey 2000: Survey of Young People with a Disability and Sport, Research Works, Research Fınings from the Social Policy Research Unit. The University of York, UK.
• Hannon, F.(2005). Promoting the participation of people with Disabilities in Physical Activity and Sport in Ireland. .Disability Research Series 03. 25 Clyde Road, Dublin, Ireland, www.nda.ie
• Heatherton, Todd F. ; Wyland, Carrie L. (2003). Assessing self-esteem. Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures.(syf. 219-233). .Lopez, Shane J. (Ed); Snyder, C. R. (Ed), Washington, DC, US: Psychological Association, xvii, syf. 495 . doi: 10.1037/10612-014 American
• Jaffer,S.,B. and Brazeau, P. (2008). Level the Playing Field: A Natural progression from play ground to podium for Canadians with Disabilities. 41.st Parliament-1st Session. www.parl.gc.ca.
• Mental Health Foundation, (2013). The Impact Of Physical Activity on Wellbeing Mental Health Awareness Week 2013, Colechurch House 1, London Bridge Walk, London SE1 2 SX, United Kingdom.
• The Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities (2003).Meeting the emotional needs of young people with learning disabilities. A booklet carers. Colechurch House 1, London Bridge Walk, London SE1 2 SX, United Kingdom. for partents and
• Mulholland, E.(2008). What Sport can do. The True Sport. 350-955 GreenValley Cr. Ottawa, Canada, K2C 3V4.
• National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (NHHCR),. (2008). A Healthier Future For All Australians – Interim report. Commonwealth of Australia, 2008, syf. 54, NHHCR,2008.
• Ogi, A.(2007). Statement by the Special Advisertothe United Nations Secretary-General on Sportfor Development and Peace concerning the Convention on the Protectionand Promotion of the Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities, A Publication of International Disability Working Group, Center for the Study of Sport in Society Northeastern University, syf 6.
• Öztürk, M. (2011). Türkiye'de Engelli Gerçeği, Müsiad Cep Kitapları: 30, syf. 20-22, ISBN 978-605-4383-07-8, Ajansvista Matbacılık, İstanbul.
• Pasco JA, Jacka FN, Williams LJ, Brennan SL, Leslie E & Berk M (2011). Don’t worry, be active: positive affect and habitual physical activity. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 45(12) syf. 1047-52.
• Prime Minister's Strategy Unit (2005). Improving the life chances of disabled people. Final webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www...gov.../disability.pdf Report
• United Nations, (2006). Convention on therights of Person with Disabilities - Article 30 - Participation in Cultural Life, Recreation, Leisure and Sport. 405 East 42nd St., NY 10017, USA. http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull.shtml
• Pyszczynski, T.,Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J., and Schimel, J. (2004).
• Why do people need self-esteem? A theoretical and empirical review.
• Psychological Bulletin. 130, syf. 435-468.
• Rimmer, J.H. (2008).Promoting Inclusive Physical Activity Communities for People with Disabilities. President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Research Digest, Series 9, No.2, June/July, 2008.
• Ryan, R.M.,Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonican deudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology. Syf. 52, 141-166.
• Savucu, Y. ve Biçer, S.Y.(2009).Zihinsel Engelli Bireylerde Fiziksel Aktivitenin Önemi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2009;1 (2): 117-22.
• Schindlmayr, T. (2007). Disability in Sport: The International Legal Framework. A Publication of International Disability Working Group. Center for the Study of Sport in Society Northeastern University, Syf 8.
• Soyuer, F., Soyuer, A., (2008). Yaşlılık ve Fiziksel Aktivite. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 15 (3) 219-224.
• Young, Ellie L, Hoffmann and Laura L.(2006). Self Esteem in Children: Strategies forParents and Educators. Helping Children at Home and School II: Handouts for Families and Educators. Syf.87-89, National Association of Psychologists, 4340 East West Highway, Suite 402, Bethesda, MD 20814.
• Trang, VuThu. (2011). The Effects of Sports on Youth Resilience and Well-Being, (FIN:G0867358L),http://www.beyondresearch.sg/Effect%20of%20Sportst.pd
• Walker, S.(2007). The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
• Participation in Sport and the Right to Take Part in Cultural Life. A Publication of International Disability Working Group. Center for the Study of Society Northeastern University, Syf. 10. Sport in
• WHO, (2011). World Report on Disability. Understanding Disability, Chapter 1, Who Library Catalouging-in-Publication Data, (NLM classification: HV 1553), Syf. 4.
• Windle, K., Francis, J. and Coomber, C. (2011). Preventing loneliness and socialisolation: interventions and outcomes. 39 Research Briefing. Social Care Institute for Excellence, Syf. 3.