TURKISH-AMERICAN ECONOMIC RELATIONS FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE

Öz

Turkish-American economic relations represent the economic dimension of the political and strategic ties between the two countries, encompassing significant factors such as trade volume, direct investments, military cooperation, and strategic partnerships. These relations, which began in the post-World War II era, were shaped by the economic and military aid provided by the United States to Türkiye. During the Cold War, programs like the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine contributed to the modernization of Türkiye’s infrastructure and the enhancement of its defense capacity. The 1990s saw further deepening of these ties under the influence of globalization, and the 2000s brought even more dynamism with Türkiye’s rapid economic growth and reforms. Today, despite current challenges such as trade wars, embargoes, and sanctions, there are still opportunities for cooperation in strategic areas like energy, defense, and technology. This study examines the historical development of Turkish-American economic relations and explores how they might evolve in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turkish-American Economic Relations
• Cold War
• Marshall Plan
• Trade Volume
• Strategic Partnership

GEÇMİŞTEN GELECEĞE TÜRK-AMERİKAN EKONOMİK İLİŞKİLERİ

Öz

Türk-Amerikan ekonomik ilişkileri, siyasi ve stratejik bağların ekonomik boyutunu oluşturur ve iki ülke arasındaki ticaret hacmi, doğrudan yatırımlar, askeri iş birliği ve stratejik ortaklıklar gibi birçok önemli faktörü kapsar. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde başlayan bu ekonomik ilişkiler, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin Türkiye’ye sağladığı ekonomik ve askeri yardımlarla şekillenmiştir. Soğuk Savaş dönemi boyunca Marshall Planı ve Truman Doktrini gibi programlar aracılığıyla Türkiye’nin altyapısı modernize edilmiş ve savunma kapasitesi artırılmıştır. 1990’larda küreselleşme etkisiyle derinleşen bu ilişkiler, 2000’li yıllarda Türkiye’nin hızlı ekonomik büyümesi ve reformlarla daha da dinamik hale gelmiştir. Günümüzde ise, ticaret savaşları, ambargolar ve yaptırımlar gibi mevcut engellere rağmen, enerji, savunma ve teknoloji gibi stratejik alanlarda iş birliği fırsatları devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türk-Amerikan ekonomik ilişkilerinin tarihsel gelişimi ve gelecekte nasıl şekillenebileceği ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Türk-Amerikan Ekonomik İlişkileri
• Soğuk Savaş
• Marshall Planı
• Ticaret Hacmi
• Stratejik Ortaklık

Kaynakça

1. • Aydın, Mustafa (2005), “Turkish Foreign Policy at the End of The Cold War: Roots and Dynamics”, The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, Vol. 36, no: 1, pp. 1-36.
2. • Bredenkamp, Hugh & Josefsson, Mats & Lindgren, Carl-Johan & Serdengeçti, Süreyya (2009), “Turkey’s Renaissance: From Banking Crisis to Economic Revival”, in (Eduard Brau & Ian McDonald eds.) Successes of the International Monetary Fund, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 64-84.
3. • Çelik, Şener (2022), “ABD Yaptırımlarının Uluslararası İnsan Haklarına Etkisi: GMA ve CAATSA Kapsamında Bir Değerlendirme”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Vol. 77, no: 1, pp. 179-203.
4. • Dağcı, Gül Tuba (2012), “Turkey-US Relations in Justice and Development Partys Era”, Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, Vol. 11, no: 2, pp. 1-11.
5. • Encyclopedia Britannica, “Cold War”, Date of Accession: 01.05.2024 from https://www.britannica.com/event/Cold-War.
6. • Encyclopedia Britannica, “Marshall Plan”, Date of Accession: 01.05.2024 from https://www.britannica.com/event/Marshall-Plan.
7. • Encyclopedia Britannica, “Truman Doctrine”, Date of Accession: 01.05.2024 from https://www.britannica.com/event/Truman-Doctrine.
8. • Haglund, David G., “North Atlantic Treaty Organization”, Encyclopedia Britannica, Date of Accession: 01.05.2024 from https://www.britannica.com/topic/North-Atlantic-Treaty-Organization.

9. • Hughes, Thomas A. & Royde-Smith, John Graham, “World War II”, Encyclopedia Britannica, Date of Accession: 01.05.2024 from https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II.
10. • Kardaş, Şaban (2011), “Turkish-American Relations in the 2000s: Revisiting the Basic Parameters of Partnership?”, Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 16, no: 3, pp. 25-52.
11. • Örmeci, Ozan & Özgen, Cenk & Yılmaz, Eren Alper (2022), “F-35 Crisis: Will Turkish-US Defense Cooperation Continue?”, Middle East Policy, Vol. 29, no: 2, Summer 2022, pp. 85-97.
12. • Rodrik, Dani (2009), “The Turkish Economy After the Crisis”, Discussion Paper, no: 2009/9, Turkish Economic Association, Ankara, Date of Accession: 10.05.2024 from https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/81581/1/619932791.pdf.
13. • TANAP, “Executive Summary”, Date of Accession: 05.05.2024 from https://www.tanap.com/store/file/23b5452f44ba006d1708b53749438367.pdf.
14. • TCMB, “Strengthening the Turkish Economy”, Date of Accession: 10.05.2024 from https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/c1e0d048-983a-4a2a-a2b5-a0c24089be91/strengteningecon.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-c1e0d048-983a-4a2a-a2b5-a0c24089be91-m4ucbm9.
15. • Türkmen, Nilay Özlem & Erturgut, Ramazan (2022), “Covid-19 Effect in Export: Analysis of Turkey’s Export Performance to Top 5 Countries in Export”, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 21, no: 84, October 2022, pp. 1826-1840.
16. • Yinanç, Barçın (2023), “A “new era” in Turkish-American Relations?”, Yetkin Report, 08.09.2023, Date of Accession: 05.05.2024 from https://yetkinreport.com/en/2023/09/08/a-new-era-with-the-us/.