The Media in India: An Analysis on Actors and Their Roles in Politics

Öz

Media holds a very significant role in liberal democratic regimes. Media actors influence the way social and political events are seen and evaluated. Free and plural media is the safeguard of a healthy democracy. Media has critical functions in a democratic regime. Journalism serves functions such as giving information, making investigation, and providing society a public forum. The main objective of this article is to seek answers to the questions of “how can the media profile and ownership in India be described” and “what is the nature of the relationship between media and politics in India”. India has a developing media scene with thousands of outlets in multiple languages. Media in the country has been subjected to a structural change in recent years. India has a multi-party parliamentary democracy and media -as in other democracies- has a key role for Indian politics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Media in India
• Media Freedom
• Democracy
• Media Ownership

Kaynakça

1. • Ardèvol-Abreu, A (2015), “Framing theory in communication research. Origins, development and current situation in Spain”, Date of Accession: 30.12.2020 from http://www.revistalatinacs.org/070/paper/1053/RLCS-paper1053en.pdf.
2. • Audit Bureau of Circulations, “Daily newspapers Across Languages”, Date of Accession: 30.12.2020 from http://www.auditbureau.org/files/JD%202019%20Highest%20Circulated%20(across%20languages).pdf.
3. • Basu, Arani (2014), “Understanding Media-Politics-Economy-Society Interrelationship in India: Relevance of Habermas and Chomsky”, Date of Accession: 03.01.2021 from https://www2.hu-berlin.de/transcience/Vol7_No2_27_35.pdf.
4. • BBC (2019), “India profile – Media”, 29.04.2019, Date of Accession: 30.12.2020 fromhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12557390.
5. • Bennett, W. L. (1990), “Toward a Theory of Media-State Relations in the United States”, Journal of Communication, 40, pp. 103-125.
6. • Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (2017), “Cross Media Ownership: Seminar Report”, 15.02.2017, Date of Accession: 30.12.2020 from https://www.csds.in/sites/default/files/Seminar%20Report.pdf.
7. • Curran, James & Seaton, Jean (1992), Power Without Responsibility: The Press and Broadcasting in Britain, London: Routledge.
8. • DBPedia, “List of Newspapers in India”, Date of Accession: 08.01.2021 from https://dbpedia.org/page/List_of_newspapers_in_India.

9. • Federation of American Scientists, “OSC Media Aid: Overview of Leading Indian Social Media”, Date of Accession: 30.12.2020 from https://fas.org/irp/dni/osc/india-social.pdf.
10. • Fiss, Owen M. (1996), Liberalism Divided, Westview: Boulder, CO.
11. • Hallin, Daniel C. (1988), The Uncensored War: The Media and Vietnam, Berkeley: University of California Press.
12. • Herman, Edward & Chomsky, Noam (1994), Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, Third edition, London: Vintage.
13. • İnceoğlu, Yasemin (2014), “Hintli Gazeteciler Üzerine Antropolojik Bir Analiz”, Biamag Cumartesi, 12.04.2014, Date of Accession: 03.01.2021 from https://m.bianet.org/biamag/medya/154904-hintli-gazeteciler-uzerine-antropolojik-bir-analiz.
14. • Katju, Manjari (2001), “Review: Changing Times: Visual Media and Indian Politics”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 36, No: 39, pp. 3759-3761 • Keane, John (2009), The Life and Death of Democracy, London: Simon & Schuster.
15. • Madan, Aman (2019), “India’s Not-So-Free Media”, The Diplomat, 23.01.2019, Date of Accession: 03.01.2021 from https://thediplomat.com/2019/01/indias-not-so-free-media/.
16. • Media Ownership Monitoring, India, “A Delicate Handshake”, Date of Accession: 03.01.2021 from https://india.mom-rsf.org/en/findings/politicalaffiliations/.
17. • Media Ownership Monitoring, India, “History”, Date of Accession: 30.12.2020 from https://india.mom-rsf.org/en/context/history/.
18. • Media Ownership Monitoring, India, “Radio News Monopoly”, Date of Accession: 30.12.2020 from https://india.mom-rsf.org/en/findings/radionewsmonopoly/.
19. • Parihar, Tasha Singh, “Journalism Education at Crossroad in India: A Swot Analysis”, Date of Accession: 30.12.2020 from http://www.publishingindia.com/GetBrochure.aspx?query=UERGQnJvY2h1cmVzfC8xNTc4LnBkZnwvMTU3OC5wZGY=.
20. • SANNAM S 4, “Digital and Social media Landscape in India”, Date of Accession: 30.12.2020 from https://sannams4.com/digital-and-social-media-landscape-in-india/.
21. • Schudson, Michael (1989), “The Sociology of News Production”, Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 11, No: 3, pp. 263-282.
22. • Schudson, Michael (2017), “How to Think Normatively About News and Democracy”, in The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication (eds. by Kate Kenski & Kathleen Hall Jamieson), New York: Oxford University Press.
23. • The National Institute of Mass Communication, “History Of Mass Media in India”, Date of Accession: 30.12.2020 from http://www.nimc-india.com/history-mass-media-india.html.
24. • Weaver, D. H. et. al. (1981), Media Agenda-Setting in a Presidential Election: Issues, Images, and Interest, New York: Praeger.
25. • Withnall, Adam (2019), “How Modi Government Uses Ad Spending to ‘Reward or Punish’ Indian media”, Independent, 20.07.2019, Date of Accession: 03.01.2021 from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/india-modi-government-media-ad-spending-newspapers-press-freedom-a8990451.html.
26. • Yılmaz, İhsan & Burak, Begüm (2011), “Instrumentalist Use of Journalism in Imposing the Kemalist Hegemonic Worldview and Educating the Masses in the Early Republican Period”, Turkish Journal of Politics, Vol. 2, No: 1, Summer 2011, pp. 109-120.