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PROTRACTED CONFLICT AND CHANGED DISCOURSES: A SURVEY OF THE DISCOURSES OF AZERBAIJANI LEADERSHIP

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 75 - 99, 27.08.2021

Öz

Close to the end of 2020, the nominal ceasefire between Armenia and Azerbaijan
broke and the clashes turned into a large-scale warfare. While this development was portrayed as
unexpected by some, an inquiry into discourses may prove the opposite. This article therefore
aims to reveal the changes in Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev’s discourses on the ArmeniaAzerbaijan relations and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict throughout his administration. Two
periods, 2003–2018 and 2018–2020, are compared as there occurred significant changes on the
both sides to the conflict. The author uses politolinguistic discourse analysis to qualitatively
analyze nominations, predications, and argumentations employed by Aliyev. The findings have
shown that Aliyev has diversified both nominations and predications and put forward more
arguments that signaled continuation of enmity and escalation of the conflict since 2018. This
study has been an attempt to fill the gap in the literature related to conflict and discourse at large
and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in particular.

Kaynakça

  • Aliyev, Ilham (2003), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 18.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2003.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2006), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 18.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2006.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2014), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 18.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2014.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2016), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 20.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2016.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2018), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 21.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2018.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2019), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 22.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2019.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2020), “Ilham Aliyev attended Summit of Eastern Partnership countries in format of video conference”, President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 18.06.2020, Date of Accession: 23.12.2020 from https://en.president.az/articles/39235.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2020), “Ilham Aliyev chaired meeting of Security Council”, President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 13.07.2020, Date of Accession: 23.12.2020 from https://en.president.az/articles/39596.
  • Aydın-Düzgit, Senem & Rumelili, Bahar (2018), “Discourse analysis: Strengths and shortcomings”, All Azimuth, Vol. 1, No: 21, pp. 1–21.
  • Barnes, Lawrie (2003), “Language, war and peace: An overview”, Language Matters: Studies in the Languages of Africa, Vol: 34, No: 1, pp. 3–12.
  • Baysha, Olga (2018), “Synecdoche that kills: How Barack Obama and Vladimir Putin constructed different Ukraines for different ends”, International Communication Gazette, Vol. 80, No: 3, pp. 230–249.
  • BBC (2020), “Azerbaijan general among troops killed in Armenia border clash”, 14.07.2020, Date of Accession: 24.12.2020 from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53402476.
  • BBC (2020), “Azerbaijan protesters demand war after Armenia clashes”, 15.07.2020, Date of Accession: 12.12.2020 from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53415693.
  • Boyd-Barrett, Oliver (2019), “Fake news and ‘RussiaGate’ discourses: Propaganda in the post-truth era”, Journalism, Vol. 20, No: 1, pp. 87–91.
  • Cedroni, Lorella (2013), “Politolinguistics. Towards a new analysis of political discourse”, In Multimodal Communication in Political Speech. Shaping Minds and Social Action. PS 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin: Springer, pp. 220–230.
  • De Waal, Thomas (2018), “Armenia’s revolution and the Karabakh conflict”, Carnegie Europe, 22.05.2018, Date of Accession: 16.12.2020 from https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/76414.
  • De Waal, Thomas (2019), “Why the long conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh could heat up again”, World Politics Review, 18.10.2019, Date of Accession: 22.12.2020 from https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28275/why-the-long-conflict-over-nagorno-karabakh-could-heat-up-again.
  • Dembinska, Magdalena & Iglesias, Julien D. (2013), “The making of an empty Moldovan category within a multiethnic Transnistrian nation”, East European Politics and Societies, Vol. 27, No: 3, pp. 413–428.
  • Demytrie, Rayhan (2018), “Why Armenia 'Velvet Revolution' won without a bullet fired”, BBC, 01.05.2018, Date of Accession: 20.12.2020 from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43948181.
  • Epstein, Charlotte (2011), “Who speaks? Discourse, the subject and the study of identity in international politics”, European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 17, No: 2, pp. 327–350.
  • Foster, Kendrick (2019), “Armenia's Velvet Revolution: Lessons from the Caucasus”, Harvard International Review, 29.05.2019, Date of Accession: 16.12.2020 from https://hir.harvard.edu/armenias-velvet-revolution/.
  • Gee, James Paul (2011), An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method, New York: Routledge.
  • Ghukasyan, Vahe (2019), “Frequency of meetings between leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan”, Union of Informed Citizens, 28.03.2019, Date of Accession: 18.12.2020 from https://uic.am/en/5825.
  • Hansen, Lene (2006), Security as Practice: Discourse Analysis and the Bosnian War, London: Routledge.
  • Hay, Colin (2013), “Political discourse analysis: The dangers of methodological absolutism”, Political Studies Review, Vol. 11, pp. 321–327.
  • International Crisis Group, “The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: A visual explainer”, 09.03.2021, Date of Accession: 19.12.2020 from https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-visual-explainer.
  • Jardine, Bradley (2018), “Armenians and Azerbaijanis commemorate two years since breakout of “April War””, Eurasianet, 02.04.2018, Date of Accession: 16.12.2020 from https://eurasianet.org/armenians-and-azerbaijanis-commemorate-two-years-since-breakout-of-april-war.
  • Karmazin, Ales (2017), “China’s nationalist discourse and Taiwan”, China Report, Vol. 53, No: 4, pp. 429–446.
  • Kucera, Joshua (2019), “Pashinyan calls for unification between Armenia and Karabakh”, Eurasianet, 06.08.2019, Date of Accession: 22.12.2020 from https://eurasianet.org/pashinyan-calls-for-unification-between-armenia-and-karabakh.
  • Kucera, Joshua (2020), “Azerbaijani president calls into question negotiations with Armenia”, Eurasianet, 07.07.2020, Date of Accession: 23.12.2020 from https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijani-president-calls-into-question-negotiations-with-armenia.
  • Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan, “Azerbaijani cities, settlements and villages liberated from occupation”, 20.11. 2020, Date of Accession: 14.12.2020 from https://mod.gov.az/en/news/azerbaijani-cities-settlements-and-villages-liberated-from-occupation-11189.html.
  • Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2016), “Silahlı Qüvvələrimiz tərəfindən 2000 hektardan artıq ərazi azad edilib” [Over 2000 hectares of area have been liberated by our armed forces], 18.05.2016, Date of Accession: 18.12.2020 from https://mod.gov.az/az/news/silahli-quvvelerimiz-terefinden-2000-hektardan-artiq-erazi-azad-edilib-13044.html.
  • Mullin, Corinna (2010), “Islamist challenges to the ‘liberal peace’ discourse: The case of Hamas and the Israel–Palestine ‘Peace Process’”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 39, No: 2, pp. 525–546.
  • Munich Security Conference (2020), “Conversation "An update on Nagorno-Karabakh"”, 15.02.2020, Date of Accession: 22.12.2020 from https://securityconference.org/en/medialibrary/asset/conversation-an-
  • Pasitselska, Olga (2017), “Ukrainian crisis through the lens of Russian media: Construction of ideological discourse”, Discourse & Communication, Vol. 11, No: 6, pp. 591–609.
  • Randour, François & Perrez, Julien & Reuchamps, Min (2020), “Twenty years of research on political discourse: A systematic review and directions for future research”, Discourse & Society, Vol. 1, No: 16, pp. 1–16.
  • Reisigl, Martin (2008), “Analyzing political rhetoric”, in Qualitative Discourse Analysis in The Social Sciences (eds. by Ruth Wodak & Michal Krzyzanowski), Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 96–120.
  • RFE/RL's Azerbaijani Service (2018), “Azerbaijan schedules snap presidential election in April”, Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, 05.02.2018, Date of Accession: 17.12.2020 from https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-snap-election-aliyev/29018696.html.
  • Shiriyev, Zaur (2018), “For Azerbaijan, Armenia’s political upheaval is a double-edged sword”, International Crisis Group, 25.05.2018, Date of Accession: 16.12.2020 from https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/caucasus/azerbaijan/azerbaijan-armenias-political-upheaval-double-edged-sword.
  • Smith, Dan (1997), “Language and discourse in conflict and conflict resolution”, Current Issues in Language & Society, Vol. 4, No: 3, pp. 190–214.
  • Snyders, Ricky (2003), “Mechologic and ecologic: Blueprints for war and peace”, Language Matters: Studies in the Languages of Africa, Vol. 34, No:1, pp. 80–85.
  • TASS, “Opposition leader Pashinyan elected Armenian PM”, 08.05.2018, Date of Accession: 23.12.2020 from https://tass.com/world/1003281.
  • Wodak, Ruth (2008), “Introduction: Discourse Studies – Important Concepts and Terms”, In Qualitative Discourse Analysis in The Social Sciences (eds. by Ruth Wodak & Michal Krzyzanowski), Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–29.

SÜRÜNCEMEDE KALMIŞ ÇATIŞMA VE DEĞİŞTİRİLEN SÖYLEMLER: AZERBAYCAN CUMHURBAŞKANI’NIN SÖYLEMLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 75 - 99, 27.08.2021

Öz

: 2020’nin sonlarına doğru Ermenistan ile Azerbaycan arasında sözde ateşkes bozuldu ve
çatışmalar geniş çaplı bir savaşa dönüştü. Bu gelişme, bazıları tarafından beklenmedik olarak
tasvir edilirken, söylemler üzerine bir araştırma bunun tam tersini kanıtlayabilir. Dolayısıyla, bu
makale, Azerbaycan Cumhurbaşkanı İlham Aliyev’in yönetimi boyunca Ermenistan-Azerbaycan
ilişkileri ve Dağlık Karabağ Sorunu ile ilgili söylemlerindeki değişiklikleri ortaya çıkarmayı
amaçlamaktadır. Çatışmanın her iki tarafında da önemli değişiklikler meydana geldiğinden,
2003–2018 ve 2018–2020 olmak üzere iki dönem karşılaştırılmaktadır. Aliyev tarafından
kullanılan adlandırmalar, yüklemlemeler ve argümanları nitel olarak analiz etmek için
politolinguistik söylem analizi kullanılmaktadır. Bulgular, Aliyev’in 2018'den bu yana hem
adlandırmalar, hem de yüklemlemeleri çeşitlendirdiğini ve uyuşmazlığın devam edeceğine ve
çatışmanın tırmanacağına işaret eden daha fazla argüman ortaya koyduğunu göstermektedir. Bu
çalışma, literatürdeki genelde çatışma ve söylem ilişkisi, özelde ise Dağlık Karabağ Sorunu
konusunda mevcut olan boşluğu doldurmaya yönelik bir girişim olarak görülmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • Aliyev, Ilham (2003), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 18.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2003.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2006), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 18.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2006.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2014), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 18.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2014.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2016), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 20.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2016.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2018), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 21.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2018.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2019), “Speeches, statements, interviews and declarations of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, Presidential Library, Date of Accession: 22.12.2020 from http://files.preslib.az/site/ialiyev/2019.pdf.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2020), “Ilham Aliyev attended Summit of Eastern Partnership countries in format of video conference”, President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 18.06.2020, Date of Accession: 23.12.2020 from https://en.president.az/articles/39235.
  • Aliyev, Ilham (2020), “Ilham Aliyev chaired meeting of Security Council”, President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 13.07.2020, Date of Accession: 23.12.2020 from https://en.president.az/articles/39596.
  • Aydın-Düzgit, Senem & Rumelili, Bahar (2018), “Discourse analysis: Strengths and shortcomings”, All Azimuth, Vol. 1, No: 21, pp. 1–21.
  • Barnes, Lawrie (2003), “Language, war and peace: An overview”, Language Matters: Studies in the Languages of Africa, Vol: 34, No: 1, pp. 3–12.
  • Baysha, Olga (2018), “Synecdoche that kills: How Barack Obama and Vladimir Putin constructed different Ukraines for different ends”, International Communication Gazette, Vol. 80, No: 3, pp. 230–249.
  • BBC (2020), “Azerbaijan general among troops killed in Armenia border clash”, 14.07.2020, Date of Accession: 24.12.2020 from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53402476.
  • BBC (2020), “Azerbaijan protesters demand war after Armenia clashes”, 15.07.2020, Date of Accession: 12.12.2020 from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53415693.
  • Boyd-Barrett, Oliver (2019), “Fake news and ‘RussiaGate’ discourses: Propaganda in the post-truth era”, Journalism, Vol. 20, No: 1, pp. 87–91.
  • Cedroni, Lorella (2013), “Politolinguistics. Towards a new analysis of political discourse”, In Multimodal Communication in Political Speech. Shaping Minds and Social Action. PS 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin: Springer, pp. 220–230.
  • De Waal, Thomas (2018), “Armenia’s revolution and the Karabakh conflict”, Carnegie Europe, 22.05.2018, Date of Accession: 16.12.2020 from https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/76414.
  • De Waal, Thomas (2019), “Why the long conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh could heat up again”, World Politics Review, 18.10.2019, Date of Accession: 22.12.2020 from https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28275/why-the-long-conflict-over-nagorno-karabakh-could-heat-up-again.
  • Dembinska, Magdalena & Iglesias, Julien D. (2013), “The making of an empty Moldovan category within a multiethnic Transnistrian nation”, East European Politics and Societies, Vol. 27, No: 3, pp. 413–428.
  • Demytrie, Rayhan (2018), “Why Armenia 'Velvet Revolution' won without a bullet fired”, BBC, 01.05.2018, Date of Accession: 20.12.2020 from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43948181.
  • Epstein, Charlotte (2011), “Who speaks? Discourse, the subject and the study of identity in international politics”, European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 17, No: 2, pp. 327–350.
  • Foster, Kendrick (2019), “Armenia's Velvet Revolution: Lessons from the Caucasus”, Harvard International Review, 29.05.2019, Date of Accession: 16.12.2020 from https://hir.harvard.edu/armenias-velvet-revolution/.
  • Gee, James Paul (2011), An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method, New York: Routledge.
  • Ghukasyan, Vahe (2019), “Frequency of meetings between leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan”, Union of Informed Citizens, 28.03.2019, Date of Accession: 18.12.2020 from https://uic.am/en/5825.
  • Hansen, Lene (2006), Security as Practice: Discourse Analysis and the Bosnian War, London: Routledge.
  • Hay, Colin (2013), “Political discourse analysis: The dangers of methodological absolutism”, Political Studies Review, Vol. 11, pp. 321–327.
  • International Crisis Group, “The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: A visual explainer”, 09.03.2021, Date of Accession: 19.12.2020 from https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-visual-explainer.
  • Jardine, Bradley (2018), “Armenians and Azerbaijanis commemorate two years since breakout of “April War””, Eurasianet, 02.04.2018, Date of Accession: 16.12.2020 from https://eurasianet.org/armenians-and-azerbaijanis-commemorate-two-years-since-breakout-of-april-war.
  • Karmazin, Ales (2017), “China’s nationalist discourse and Taiwan”, China Report, Vol. 53, No: 4, pp. 429–446.
  • Kucera, Joshua (2019), “Pashinyan calls for unification between Armenia and Karabakh”, Eurasianet, 06.08.2019, Date of Accession: 22.12.2020 from https://eurasianet.org/pashinyan-calls-for-unification-between-armenia-and-karabakh.
  • Kucera, Joshua (2020), “Azerbaijani president calls into question negotiations with Armenia”, Eurasianet, 07.07.2020, Date of Accession: 23.12.2020 from https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijani-president-calls-into-question-negotiations-with-armenia.
  • Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan, “Azerbaijani cities, settlements and villages liberated from occupation”, 20.11. 2020, Date of Accession: 14.12.2020 from https://mod.gov.az/en/news/azerbaijani-cities-settlements-and-villages-liberated-from-occupation-11189.html.
  • Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan. (2016), “Silahlı Qüvvələrimiz tərəfindən 2000 hektardan artıq ərazi azad edilib” [Over 2000 hectares of area have been liberated by our armed forces], 18.05.2016, Date of Accession: 18.12.2020 from https://mod.gov.az/az/news/silahli-quvvelerimiz-terefinden-2000-hektardan-artiq-erazi-azad-edilib-13044.html.
  • Mullin, Corinna (2010), “Islamist challenges to the ‘liberal peace’ discourse: The case of Hamas and the Israel–Palestine ‘Peace Process’”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 39, No: 2, pp. 525–546.
  • Munich Security Conference (2020), “Conversation "An update on Nagorno-Karabakh"”, 15.02.2020, Date of Accession: 22.12.2020 from https://securityconference.org/en/medialibrary/asset/conversation-an-
  • Pasitselska, Olga (2017), “Ukrainian crisis through the lens of Russian media: Construction of ideological discourse”, Discourse & Communication, Vol. 11, No: 6, pp. 591–609.
  • Randour, François & Perrez, Julien & Reuchamps, Min (2020), “Twenty years of research on political discourse: A systematic review and directions for future research”, Discourse & Society, Vol. 1, No: 16, pp. 1–16.
  • Reisigl, Martin (2008), “Analyzing political rhetoric”, in Qualitative Discourse Analysis in The Social Sciences (eds. by Ruth Wodak & Michal Krzyzanowski), Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 96–120.
  • RFE/RL's Azerbaijani Service (2018), “Azerbaijan schedules snap presidential election in April”, Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, 05.02.2018, Date of Accession: 17.12.2020 from https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-snap-election-aliyev/29018696.html.
  • Shiriyev, Zaur (2018), “For Azerbaijan, Armenia’s political upheaval is a double-edged sword”, International Crisis Group, 25.05.2018, Date of Accession: 16.12.2020 from https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/caucasus/azerbaijan/azerbaijan-armenias-political-upheaval-double-edged-sword.
  • Smith, Dan (1997), “Language and discourse in conflict and conflict resolution”, Current Issues in Language & Society, Vol. 4, No: 3, pp. 190–214.
  • Snyders, Ricky (2003), “Mechologic and ecologic: Blueprints for war and peace”, Language Matters: Studies in the Languages of Africa, Vol. 34, No:1, pp. 80–85.
  • TASS, “Opposition leader Pashinyan elected Armenian PM”, 08.05.2018, Date of Accession: 23.12.2020 from https://tass.com/world/1003281.
  • Wodak, Ruth (2008), “Introduction: Discourse Studies – Important Concepts and Terms”, In Qualitative Discourse Analysis in The Social Sciences (eds. by Ruth Wodak & Michal Krzyzanowski), Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–29.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Tural Ismayılzada 0000-0002-6853-8910

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Ismayılzada, Tural. “PROTRACTED CONFLICT AND CHANGED DISCOURSES: A SURVEY OF THE DISCOURSES OF AZERBAIJANI LEADERSHIP”. UPA Strategic Affairs 2, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2021): 75-99.