STRATEJİK DÖNÜŞÜMLER ÇERÇEVESİNDE ABD’NİN ORTADOĞU POLİTİKASININ ANALİZİ (1990-2024)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 97 - 155, 02.09.2024

Mehmet Emir

Öz

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD), günümüz dünyasında icra ettiği politikalarla en etkili aktördür. Soğuk Savaş’ın bitişinden sonra, ABD, tek kutuplu yeni dünya düzeninin hegemonu olarak sert gücüyle politikalarını diğer aktörlere kabul ettirmek istemiştir. Bu çerçevede, Ortadoğu bölgesi, ABD’nin gücünü göstermesi için elverişli bir alan olmuştur. ABD’nin Ortadoğu’yu kendi planları çerçevesinde şekillendirebilmesi için icra edilen Körfez Savaşı, bu bakımdan kapıların sonuna kadar açılmasını sağlamıştır. Ortadoğu’da aralıklarla operasyon yapan ABD için 11 Eylül 2001 saldırıları daha da elverişli bir hareket alanı açmıştır. Büyük Ortadoğu Projesi ve Arap Baharı gibi süreçlerle 2010 yılından itibaren bölgedeki halklar ve devlet dışı aktörler de ABD’nin tasarım planına dahil edilmiştir. Bu makale, Soğuk Savaş sonrasında ABD’nin Ortadoğu politikasında değişen stratejilerine rağmen hiç değişmeyen çıkarlarını gerçekleştirme motivasyonunu analiz etmektedir. Bölgesel aktörlerin ABD politikalarına karşı tepkileri, kapsamlı bir şekilde kesitsel olarak incelenmiştir. ABD’nin sert gücüyle bölgeye defalarca kez müdahalelerine ve açık bir şekilde İsrail’e destek vermesine rağmen diğer aktörlerin neden bu tehdide karşı birlik ve bütünlük oluşturamadığına da yanıt aranmıştır. Çalışma, Realizm teorisi çerçevesinde bölgesel güç dengesinin değişimi ve dönüşümünü analiz ederek, Uluslararası İlişkiler alanına özgün bir katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ABD, Ortadoğu, Arap Baharı, 11 Eylül

ANALYSIS OF US MIDDLE EAST POLICY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF STRATEGIC TRANSFORMATIONS (1990-2024)

Öz

The United States of America (U.S.) is the most effective actor in today’s world with the policies it implements. After the end of the Cold War, the U.S., as the hegemon of the new unipolar world order, wanted to impose its policies on other actors with its hard power. In this context, the Middle East region became a suitable area for the U.S. to show its power. The Gulf War, which was carried out especially so that the U.S. could shape the Middle East within the framework of its own plans, ensured that the doors were opened wide in this respect. The September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks opened a more suitable area of action for the U.S., who operated intermittently in the Middle East. With developments such as the Greater Middle East Project and the Arab Spring, the peoples and non-state actors in the region have also been included in the U.S.’s design plan since 2010. This article analyzes the motivation of the U.S. to realize its interests, which have never changed despite its changing strategies in the Middle East policy after the Cold War. The reactions of regional actors to U.S. policies have been examined comprehensively in a cross-sectional manner. It also sought an answer to why other actors could not form unity and integrity against this threat despite the U.S.’s repeated interventions in the region with its hard power and its open support for Israel. The study aims to make an original contribution to the field of International Relations by analyzing the change and transformation of the regional balance of power within the framework of Realist theory.

Anahtar Kelimeler

United States, Middle East, Arab Spring, 9/11

Kaynakça

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• • The Economist (2018), “Saudi Arabia turns against Political Islam”, 21.06.2018, Erişim Tarihi: 27.07.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.economist.com/special-report/2018/06/21/saudi-arabia-turns-against-political-islam.
• • The White House (2022), “Fact Sheet: The United States Strengthens Cooperation with Middle East Partners to Address 21st Century Challenges”, Erişim Tarihi: 21.07.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/16.
• • Tiryaki, Ayşe İrem (2023), “ABD'li Aktivist West: ABD’nin İsrail’in Eylemlerini Sona Erdirme Amacı Taşıyan Oylamayı Veto Etmesi, Ahlaki Bir Çöküştür”, Anadolu Ajansı, 10.12.2023, Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2023, Erişim Adresi: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/abdli-aktivist-west-abdnin-israilin-eylemlerini-sona-erdirme-amaci-tasiyan-oylamayi-veto-etmesi-ahlaki-bir-cokustur/3078629.
• • TRT Haber (2024), “ABD ve İngiltere, Yemen'de saldırı başlattı”, 12.01.2024, Erişim Tarihi: 22.04.2024, Erişim Adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/abd-ve-ingiltere-yemende-saldiri-baslatti-828356.html.
• • Van de Bildt, Joyce (2015), “The Quest for Legitimacy in Postrevolutionary Egypt: Propaganda and Controlling Narratives”, The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, Cilt 6, Sayı: 3-4, ss. 253-274.
• • Vaziri, Haleh (1995), “The Islamic Republic and Its Neighbors: Ideology and the National Interest in Iran’s Foreign Policy during the Khomeini Decade”, Doktora Tezi, Georgetown Üniversitesi, ABD.