Kentsel Terör Saldırılarına Karşı Dayanıklılık Önlemleri: Ankara Kızılay Meydanı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Kent nüfuslarının sürekli artışıyla birlikte, dayanıklılık çağdaş kent planlamasında sürdürülebilirliğin ötesinde kritik bir bileşen haline gelmiştir. Sürdürülebilirliğin genellikle sabit ve krizlere tepki veren yaklaşımının aksine, dayanıklılık dinamik yapısı ile yeni şartlara adaptasyon ve esneklik gerektirir. Özellikle kentsel terör gibi karmaşık tehditleri ele alırken bu özellik öne çıkmaktadır. Teknolojik ilerlemeler ve küreselleşmenin etkisiyle artan kent terörü, dünya çapında hem gelişmekte olan ülkeler hem de büyük metropoller için giderek büyüyen bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Terörist örgütler, etkilerini artırmak amacıyla “baskın stratejisini” daha sık kullanarak kentsel güvenliği daha karmaşık hale getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, "teröre-dayanıklı kentler" kavramı önem kazanmış ve kent güvenliğini artırmak ile dayanıklılığı güçlendirmek amacıyla proaktif önlemler alınmaya başlanmıştır.Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de terör eylemlerinin en çok hedefi olan yerlerden birisi olan Kızılay Meydanı'nı incelemektedir. Kızılay’ın yoğun nüfusu, ev sahipliği yaptığı sembolik devlet kurumları ve yüksek görünürlüğü nedeniyle terörist tehditlere açık olan bu önemli bölgedeki güvenlik önlemleri araştırılmakta ve Çevresel Tasarım Yolyla Suç Önleme (CPTED) ilkelerinin bu bölgenin planlama ve tasarımına entegrasyonu değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca, diğer kentlerden başarılı örnekler ile teröre karşı dayanıklılık stratejilerinin nasıl geliştirilebileceğine dair önerilerde bulunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentsel Terör
• Baskın Stratejisi
• CPTED
• Dayanıklılık

Resilience Measures Against Urban Terrorist Attacks: An Evaluation On Ankara’s Kızılay Square

Abstract

As urban populations continue to grow, resilience has emerged as a crucial component of contemporary urban planning, complementing the traditional focus on sustainability. Unlike sustainability's often static approach to urban crises, resilience emphasizes dynamic adaptability, particularly in addressing pressing challenges such as urban terrorism. The rise in urban terrorism, fueled by technological advancements and globalization, poses an escalating threat to cities worldwide, impacting both developing nations and major metropolises. Notably, terrorist organizations increasingly employ “hit-and-run strategies” to maximize impact, further complicating urban security efforts. In response, the concept of "terror-resilient cities" has gained prominence, advocating for proactive measures to enhance urban security and resilience. This study examines Ankara’s Kızılay Square, a focal point for terrorist attacks in Türkiye due to its dense population, symbolic state institutions, and high visibility. The study explores the measures implemented in Kızılay to counteract these threats and evaluates the integration of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles in the urban planning and design of this key district, while also referencing successful examples from other cities to provide context and insights for improving resilience strategies.

Keywords

• Urban terrorism
• Resilience
• CPTED
• Hit-and-Run Strategy

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