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Kaçmak Ya Da Kaçmamak - İşte Bütün Mesele Bu:16. Yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun Müslüman Ve Gayri-Müslim Sakinlerin Vebaya Bir Tepki Olarak Göçleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 2009 Sayı: 1V, 39 - 51, 01.03.2009

Gisele Marıen

Öz

This study analyses the behavior during plague outbreaks of both Muslim and non-Muslim residents in the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. To this end, the travelers' accounts of Ogier de Busbecq, Dr. John Covel, Evliya Çelebi, and Giovanni Tommaso Minadoi were consulted as well as the diary of Marino Sanudo. Another source of information formed the selected cases of Ottoman judicial records, as discussed by Jennings. The theogical aspects of flight in times of plague were illustrated using the nineteenth-century Turkish translation of the plague treatise Risâletü'l-Ibaâ an Mevâki'i'l-Vebâ by İdris-i Bitlisi and the fetvas of Ebussuud as edited by Düzdağ. The findings of this investigation were subsequently contrasted with the image of Islamic “fatalistic” attitude towards plague.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ottoman Subjects Plague Social Behavior Orientalism

Kaynakça

  • BIRABEN (1975): Jean-Noel Biraben, Les hommes et la peste en France et dans les pays européens et méditerranéens, Vol II, Les hommes face à la peste, Paris, La Haye:ed. Mouton, 1975.
  • BİTLİSİ -- , İdris-i Bitlisi, transl. by Mahmud Han "Hisnü'l-vabâ." (translation of Risâletü'l- Ibaâ an Mevâki'i'l-Vebâ.)
  • COVEL (1998): Dr John Covel, Dr John Covel, Voyages en Turquie 1675- 1677, trans. Jean-Piere Grélois, Paris: Editions P. Lethielleux, 1998.
  • DE BUSBECQ (1968): Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, The Turkish Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Imperial Ambassador at Constantinople (1554-1562), trans. Edward Forster, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1968. Seymour
  • DOLS (1977): Michael W. Dols, The Black Death in the Middle East, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
  • DÜZDAĞ (1972): Mehmet Ertuğrul Düzdağ, Şeyhülislâm Ebussuud Efendi Fetvaları Işığında 16. Asır Türk Hayatı, Istanbul: Enderun Kitabevi, 1972.
  • EVLİYA ÇELEBİ (1969): Evliya Çelebi, Evliyâ Çelebi Seyâhatnamesi. Vols. 1-15, ed. by Zuhuri Danışman, Istanbul: Yaylacık Matbaası, 1969.
  • FINKEL (2005): Caroline Finkel, Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923, London: John Murray, 2005.
  • HIRST (1953): Fabian L. Hirst, The Conquest of Plague: A Study of the Evolution of Epidemiology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953.
  • JENNINGS (1999): Ronald, C. Jennings, 'Plague in Trabzon and Reactions to it According to Judicial Registers.' in Studies on Ottoman Social History in the 16th and 17th Century, 1999.
  • Istanbul: The Isis Press,
  • LOWRY (2003): Heath Lowry, "Pushing the Stone Uphill: The Impact of Bubonic Plague on Ottoman Urban Society in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, Osmanlı Araştırmaları XXIII (2003): 93-132.
  • MARIEN (2009): Gisele Marien, The Black Death in Early Ottoman Territories, 1347-1550, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Ankara: Bilkent, 2009.
  • MINADOI (1594): Giovanni Tommaso Minadoi, Historia della Guerra fra Turchi, et Persiani, Venice, 1594.
  • SANUDO (1969-1970): Marino Sanudo, I diarii di Marino Sanuto. vols. 1-58, Bologna: Forni Editore, 1969-1970.

TO FLEE OR NOT TO FLEE - THAT'S THE QUESTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT AS A RESPONSE TO PLAGUE BY THE MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM RESİDENTS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 16TH CENTURY

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 2009 Sayı: 1V, 39 - 51, 01.03.2009

Gisele Marıen

Öz

Bu çalışma on altıncı yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda ikamet eden Müslim ve Gayrimüslim nüfusun veba salgınları esnasındaki tavırlarını incelemektedir. Çalışmada, Ogier de Busbecq, Dr. John Covel, Evliya Çelebi, Giovanni Tommaso Minadoi gibi yazarların seyahatnameleri ile Marino Sanudo’nun günlükleri kaynak olarak kullanılmış, ayrıca Jennings tarafından inceleme konusu yapılan Osmanlı kadı sicillerine de müracaat edilmiştir. Veba salgınının ortaya çıktığı yerin terk edilip edilmeyeceğine dair teolojik tartışma ise İdris-i Bitlisi’ye ait Risâletü'l-Ibaâ an Mevâki'i'l-Vebâ adlı risalenin on dokuzuncu yüzyılda yapılmış Türkçe çevirisi ve Düzdağ tarafından hazırlanmış Şeyhülislam Ebussuud Efendi’nin fetvaları ışığı altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu incelemenin neticesinde elde edilen bulguların, veba söz konusu olduğunda dile getirilen İslamî “kaderci” tavra yönelik sabit fikir ile örtüşmediği görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Osmanlı Tebaası Veba Sosyal Tavır Oryantalizm

Kaynakça

  • BIRABEN (1975): Jean-Noel Biraben, Les hommes et la peste en France et dans les pays européens et méditerranéens, Vol II, Les hommes face à la peste, Paris, La Haye:ed. Mouton, 1975.
  • BİTLİSİ -- , İdris-i Bitlisi, transl. by Mahmud Han "Hisnü'l-vabâ." (translation of Risâletü'l- Ibaâ an Mevâki'i'l-Vebâ.)
  • COVEL (1998): Dr John Covel, Dr John Covel, Voyages en Turquie 1675- 1677, trans. Jean-Piere Grélois, Paris: Editions P. Lethielleux, 1998.
  • DE BUSBECQ (1968): Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, The Turkish Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Imperial Ambassador at Constantinople (1554-1562), trans. Edward Forster, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1968. Seymour
  • DOLS (1977): Michael W. Dols, The Black Death in the Middle East, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
  • DÜZDAĞ (1972): Mehmet Ertuğrul Düzdağ, Şeyhülislâm Ebussuud Efendi Fetvaları Işığında 16. Asır Türk Hayatı, Istanbul: Enderun Kitabevi, 1972.
  • EVLİYA ÇELEBİ (1969): Evliya Çelebi, Evliyâ Çelebi Seyâhatnamesi. Vols. 1-15, ed. by Zuhuri Danışman, Istanbul: Yaylacık Matbaası, 1969.
  • FINKEL (2005): Caroline Finkel, Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923, London: John Murray, 2005.
  • HIRST (1953): Fabian L. Hirst, The Conquest of Plague: A Study of the Evolution of Epidemiology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953.
  • JENNINGS (1999): Ronald, C. Jennings, 'Plague in Trabzon and Reactions to it According to Judicial Registers.' in Studies on Ottoman Social History in the 16th and 17th Century, 1999.
  • Istanbul: The Isis Press,
  • LOWRY (2003): Heath Lowry, "Pushing the Stone Uphill: The Impact of Bubonic Plague on Ottoman Urban Society in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, Osmanlı Araştırmaları XXIII (2003): 93-132.
  • MARIEN (2009): Gisele Marien, The Black Death in Early Ottoman Territories, 1347-1550, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Ankara: Bilkent, 2009.
  • MINADOI (1594): Giovanni Tommaso Minadoi, Historia della Guerra fra Turchi, et Persiani, Venice, 1594.
  • SANUDO (1969-1970): Marino Sanudo, I diarii di Marino Sanuto. vols. 1-58, Bologna: Forni Editore, 1969-1970.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gisele Marıen Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 2009 Sayı: 1V

Kaynak Göster

APA Marıen, G. (2009). TO FLEE OR NOT TO FLEE - THAT’S THE QUESTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT AS A RESPONSE TO PLAGUE BY THE MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM RESİDENTS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 16TH CENTURY. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 2009(1V), 39-51.
AMA Marıen G. TO FLEE OR NOT TO FLEE - THAT’S THE QUESTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT AS A RESPONSE TO PLAGUE BY THE MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM RESİDENTS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 16TH CENTURY. Tarih Okulu Dergisi. Mart 2009;2009(1V):39-51.
Chicago Marıen, Gisele. “TO FLEE OR NOT TO FLEE - THAT’S THE QUESTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT AS A RESPONSE TO PLAGUE BY THE MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM RESİDENTS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 16TH CENTURY”. Tarih Okulu Dergisi 2009, sy. 1V (Mart 2009): 39-51.
EndNote Marıen G (01 Mart 2009) TO FLEE OR NOT TO FLEE - THAT’S THE QUESTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT AS A RESPONSE TO PLAGUE BY THE MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM RESİDENTS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 16TH CENTURY. Tarih Okulu Dergisi 2009 1V 39–51.
IEEE G. Marıen, “TO FLEE OR NOT TO FLEE - THAT’S THE QUESTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT AS A RESPONSE TO PLAGUE BY THE MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM RESİDENTS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 16TH CENTURY”, Tarih Okulu Dergisi, c. 2009, sy. 1V, ss. 39–51, 2009.
ISNAD Marıen, Gisele. “TO FLEE OR NOT TO FLEE - THAT’S THE QUESTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT AS A RESPONSE TO PLAGUE BY THE MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM RESİDENTS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 16TH CENTURY”. Tarih Okulu Dergisi 2009/1V (Mart 2009), 39-51.
JAMA Marıen G. TO FLEE OR NOT TO FLEE - THAT’S THE QUESTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT AS A RESPONSE TO PLAGUE BY THE MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM RESİDENTS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 16TH CENTURY. Tarih Okulu Dergisi. 2009;2009:39–51.
MLA Marıen, Gisele. “TO FLEE OR NOT TO FLEE - THAT’S THE QUESTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT AS A RESPONSE TO PLAGUE BY THE MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM RESİDENTS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 16TH CENTURY”. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, c. 2009, sy. 1V, 2009, ss. 39-51.
Vancouver Marıen G. TO FLEE OR NOT TO FLEE - THAT’S THE QUESTION: AN ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT AS A RESPONSE TO PLAGUE BY THE MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM RESİDENTS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 16TH CENTURY. Tarih Okulu Dergisi. 2009;2009(1V):39-51.