Genç Erkek Futbolcularda 8 Haftalık Kontrast ve Pliometrik Antrenman Yöntemlerinin Biyomotor Özellikler ve Nöromüsküler Faktörlere Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Genç erkek futbolculara uygulanan kontrast ve pliometrik antrenman programlarının biyomotor özellikler ve nöromüsküler faktörler üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini 24 genç erkek futbolcu (yaş: 16,00±0,51 yıl; boy: 177,21±5,18; kilo: 66,20±6,25) oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılar rastgele olarak kontrast antrenman grubu (KAG; n=8), pliometrik antrenman grubu (PAG; n=8) ve kontrol grubu (KG; n=8) olmak üzere 3 ayrı gruba ayrılmıştır. KAG ve PAG 8 hafta boyunca futbol antrenmanlarına ek olarak haftada iki gün kuvvet ve güç antrenmanları uygulamıştır. KG yalnızca futbol antrenmanlarını sürdürmüştür. Ön test ve son test deneysel yöntem kullanılan çalışmada deney ve kontrol grubunun antrenmanlar sonunda sürat, maksimum sprint hızı (MSH), arrowhead çeviklik, sıçrama yüksekliği, elektromekanik gecikme (EMKG), dayanıklılık testi (30-15 IFT) ve anaerobik hız rezervi (AHR) üzerine etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Grupların ön test ve son testleri arasındaki farklar değerleri incelendiğinde KAG; sürat, maksimum sprint hızı, çeviklik, sıçrama, EMKG, 30-15 IFT ve AHR değerleri anlamlı olarak artmıştır (p<0,05). PAG; sürat, çeviklik, sıçrama, 30-15 IFT değerleri anlamlı olarak artmıştır (p<0,05). KG; sürat, çeviklik, sıçrama, EMKG değerleri anlamlı olarak artmıştır (p<0,05). Gruplar arasındaki artışlar karşılaştırıldığında KAG; sürat, maksimum sprint hızı, sıçrama ve AHR değerlerinde KG’ye göre anlamlı olarak gelişmiştir (p<0,05). PAG; 0-40m, 0-50m, AHSĞ, AS değerleri KG’ye göre anlamlı olarak artış göstermiştir (p<0,05). KG hiçbir gruba göre anlamlı artış göstermemiştir. Deney grupları arasındaki farklar incelendiğinde KAG; sürat, maksimum sprint hızı ve AHR değerlerinde PAG’ye göre anlamlı bir artış göstermiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç: Her iki antrenman yönteminin de gelişimsel olarak faydalı olabileceği söylenebilir. Sürat değerlerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlandığında kontrast antrenman yönteminin uygulanması daha faydalı olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Futbol
• Pliometrik Antrenman
• Kontrast Antrenman
• Anaerobik Hız Rezervi
• Biyomotor Özellik
• Nöromüsküler Adaptasyon

Effects of 8-Week Contrast and Plyometric Training Methods on Biomotor Characteristics and Neuromuscular Adaptations in Young Male Football Players

Öz

Aim: This study is to examine the effect of contrast and plyometric training programs on biomotor characteristics and neuromuscular factors in young male football players. Methods: Twenty-four young male football players (age: 16,00±0,51 years; height: 177,21±5,18 cm; body mass: 66,20±6,25 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Contrast training group (KAG; n=8), plyometric training group (PAG; n=8) and control group (KG; n=8). The study was conducted using a randomized experimental design over an eigth-week period. The participants were tested pre and post to assess sprint, maximum sprint speed (MSS), arrowhead agility, jump height, elektromechanical delay (EMD), intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT) and anaerobic speed reserve (ASR). Results: KAG and PAG increased significantly in sprint, agility and jump parameters (p<0.05). Only KAG showed a significant increase in MSS and EMD parameters (p<0.05). Between the groups, a significant increase was observed in sprint and countermovement jump values in both CAG and PAG compared to CG. Only KAG showed a significant increase in squat jump, MSS and ASR parameters compared to KG.. In the agility test, only PAG showed a significant increase compared to KG. KG did not show a significant increase compared to any group. KAG showed a significant increase in 0-50m sprint, MSS and AHR values compared to PAG. Conclusion: It is seen that both strength/strength training methods will be beneficial in improving the physical requirements encountered in football. When it is aimed to improve speed values, it is more useful to apply the contrast training method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Football
• Plyometric Training
• Contrast Training
• Anaerobic Speed Reserve
• Biomotor Feature
• Neuromuscular Adaptation

Kaynakça

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