The Effect of 12-Week Face-to-Face and Online HIFT Training on Certain Cardiovascular Biomarkers

Öz

Aim: The aim of our study is to examine the effect of high-intensity functional training performed face-to-face and online for 12 weeks on body composition and blood values (HDL, LDL, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose) in sedentary women. Methods: Inactive sedentary female participants aged 24-52 participated in the study on a voluntary basis within the framework of the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were divided into two groups as face-to-face (n= 21) and online (n=19). Participants were given functional training with 60% loading for the first 6 weeks and then 80% loading with the high-intensity functional training training method 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Bioelectrical impedance and blood tests (HDL, LDL, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose) were taken from all participants prior to the training program and after 12 weeks of training. The data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 program. Shapiro-wilk test was used for normality test. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for intergroup comparisons. Results: According to the data obtained, there is a statistically significant difference between the pre and post measurement in weight, body mass index, fat percentage and fat weight in participants who trained face-to-face and online training (p<0.05). When the pre and post measurements were examined, there was a statistically significant difference in LDL values in both groups, but no statistically significant difference was found in triglyceride and glucose values (p>0.05). Although there was an increase in HDL value, there was no statistically significant result. Conclusion: High-intensity functional training performed face-to-face or online for 12 weeks in sedentary women has been shown to have a positive effect on body composition. It was found that HIFT training with face-to-face and online training decreased LDL value but had no significant effect on other values.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• High-Intensity Functional Training
• Physical Activity
• HDL
• Triglyceride
• Covid-19 Disease

12 Haftalık Yüz Yüze ve Online HIFT Eğitiminin Biyoelektrik Empedans ve LDL, HDL, Trigliserit ve Glikoz Biyobelirteçlerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmamızda 12 hafta süresince sedanter kadınlarda yüz yüze ve uzaktan erişimle yapılan yüksek yoğunluklu fonksiyonel antrenmanların beden kompozisyonu ve kan değerlerine (HDL, LDL, trigliserit ve açlık glukoz) etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya, inaktif sedanter 24-52 yaş arası kadın katılımcılar Helsinki bildirgesine göre gönüllülük esası ile katılmıştır. Katılımcılar yüz yüze (n= 21) ve uzaktan erişim grubu (n=19) olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Katılımcılara 12 hafta boyunca haftada 3 gün HIFT antrenman metoduyla ilk 6 hafta %60 yüklenmeli, sonrasında ise %80 yüklenmeli fonksiyonel antrenman yaptırılmıştır. Tüm katılımcıların 12 haftalık antrenman öncesi ve sonrasında, biyoelektrik impedans ve kan tahlilleri (HDL, LDL, trigliserit, açlık glukoz) alınmıştır. Veriler SPSS 22.0 programında analiz edilmiştir. Normallik testinde shapiro-wilk testi, grup içi karşılaştırmalarda ise wilcoxon signed rank test kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Alınan verilere göre yüz yüze ve uzaktan erişim ile antrenman yapan kişilerde ağırlık, beden kütle indeksi, yağ yüzdesi ve yağ ağırlığında ilk ve son ölçümler arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı farklılık vardır (p<0,05). İlk ve son ölçümlere göre, her iki grupta da LDL değerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı fark vardır. Trigliserit ve glukoz değerlerinde ise anlamlı fark yoktur (p>0,05). HDL değerinde ise artış olmasına rağmen istatistiki olarak anlamlı fark yoktur (p>0,05). Sonuç: Sedanter kadınlarda 12 hafta boyunca yüz yüze ya da uzaktan erişim ile yapılan yüksek yoğunluklu fonksiyonel antrenmanın beden kompozisyonu üzerine olumlu etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Yüz yüze ve uzaktan erişim ile yapılan HIFT antrenmanı, LDL değerini düşürdüğü ancak diğer değerlerde ise anlamlı bir farkın olmadığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yüksek Yoğunluklu Fonksiyonel Antrenman
• Fiziksek Aktivite
• HDL
• Trigliserit
• Covid-19 Hastalığı

Kaynakça

1. Adams O. P. (2013). The impact of brief high-intensity exercise on blood glucose levels. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 6, 113-122. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S29222
2. Alpar R, (2006). Spor Bilimlerinde Uygulamalı İstatistik. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
3. Blair, S. N., Kohl, H. W., Barlow, C. E., Paffenbarger, R. S., Jr, Gibbons, L. W., & Macera, C. A. (1995). Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men. JAMA, 273(14), 1093-1098.
4. Borg G. (1970). Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2(2), 92-98.
5. Bycura, D.K., Feito, Y., & Prather, C.C. (2017). Motivational Factors in CrossFit® Training Participation. Health Behavior and Policy Review, 4, 539-550.
6. Cavedon, V., Milanese, C., Marchi, A., & Zancanaro, C. (2020). Different amount of training affects body composition and performance in High-Intensity Functional Training participants. PloS One, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237887
7. Chambonniere, C., Lambert, C., Fearnbach, N., Tardieu, M., Fillon, A., Genin, P., Larras, B., Melsens, P., Bois, J., Pereira, B., Tremblay, A., Thivel, D., & Duclos, M. (2021). Effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on physical activity and sedentary behaviors in French children and adolescents: New results from the ONAPS national survey. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 43, 101308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101308
8. Dawson, M. (2015). CrossFit: Fitness cult or reinventive institution? SAGE Publications. 1–19. doi:10.1177/101269021559179

9. Dupuit, M., Rance, M., Morel, C., Bouillon, P., Pereira, B., Bonnet, A., Maillard, F., Duclos, M., & Boisseau, N. (2020). Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training or High-Intensity Interval Training with or without Resistance Training for Altering Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 52(3), 736-745. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002162
10. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior research methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
11. GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators (2016). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet (London, England), 388, 1659–1724. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31679-8
12. Gibala, M. J., Little, J. P., Macdonald, M. J., & Hawley, J. A. (2012). Physiological adaptations to low-volume, High-Intensity Interval Training in health and disease. The Journal of Physiology, 590(5), 1077–1084. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224725
13. Heinrich, K. M., Spencer, V., Fehl, N., & Poston, W. S. (2012). Mission essential fitness: comparison of functional circuit training to traditional Army physical training for active-duty military. Military medicine, 177(10), 1125–1130. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-12-00143
14. Kovačević, E., Vrcić, M., Bajramović, I., Kazazović, E., & Mašnić, A. (2019). High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) effects on physıcal abilities and morphology in females. Homo Sportıcus. 2, 9-15.
15. Komado, T. (2010). The HDL handbook. Oxford, United Kingdom. Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department, P:38-83.
16. Mitchell, T. H., Abraham, G., Schiffrin, A., Leiter, L. A., & Marliss, E. B. (1988). Hyperglycemia after intense exercise in IDDM subjects during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabetes Care, 11(4), 311–317. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.11.4.311
17. Olsson, A. G., Angelin B.G, Assmann C. J, Binder I, Björkhem A., Cedazo-Minguez J., Cohen A. von Eckardstein E., Farinaro D., Müller-Wieland K.G., Parhofer P., Parini R. S., Rosenson J., Starup-Linde M., Tikkanen J., & Yvan-Charvet L. (2017). Can LDL cholesterol be too low? Possible risks of extremely low levels. Journal of Internal Medicine 281(6), 534–553.
18. Satman, I. & Grup, T. (2011). Türkiye diyabet, hipertansiyon, obezite ve endokrinolojik hastalıklar prevalans çalışması (TURDEP-II) sonuçları. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Geleneksel İç Hastalıkları Günleri: İnteraktif Güncelleştirme. İstanbul, Türkiye 25-28.
19. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği, Türkiye Kalp ve Damar Hastalıkları Önleme Programı 2015-2020. https://tkd.org.tr/ Erişim Tarihi:06.09.2022
20. Tiainen, S., Luoto, R., Ahotupa, M., Raitanen, J., & Vasankari, T. (2016). 6-mo aerobic exercise intervention enhances the lipid peroxide transport function of HDL. Free Radical Research, 50(11), 1279–1285. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2016.1252040
21. Vasankari, T. J., Kujala, U. M., Vasankari, T. M., & Ahotupa, M. (1998). Reduced oxidized LDL levels after a 10-month exercise program. Medicine and Science in Sports and, exercise, 30(10), 1496–1501. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199810000-00005
22. World Health Organization. Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030.