The Effects of Educational Games Applied in Warm-up Sessions on Performance

Yıl 2024, , 54 - 61, 15.03.2024

Halim Üçüncü Çağlar Edis

https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1443127

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of FIFA 11+ warm-up phase with educational games (FIFA 11+ EG) on acute physical and psychological performance values.
Methods: A total of 15 well-trained soccer players aged 16 years were included in the study (height: 168,27±7,43, weight: 55,27±8,12, BMI: 19,50±2,03). Firstly, after the FIFA 11+ warm-up session, 20m sprint, 505, T-Diril and Illinois change of direction running (COD) tests were applied and then the physical activity of enjoyment scale (PACES) was completed. One week after this application, FIFA 11+ EG warm-up session was performed, and the same tests were applied.
Results: The obtained data were included in comparison analyses according to normality tests. A significant difference was obtained in the 20m sprint times of the athletes after FIFA 11+ warm-up session compared to FIFA 11+ EG warm-up (p<0.05). While the 505 (p<0.05) and T-Diril COD performances (p<0.05) of the athletes after FIFA 11+ EG warm-up were statistically significant compared to FIFA 11+ warm-up, there was no significant difference between the PACES results of the athletes after both warm-up sessions.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of an educational game in a warm-up session application such as FIFA 11+ shows that it has a positive effect on COD skill. In addition, the athletes completed the 20m sprint skills in shorter times after the FIFA 11+ warm-up session.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Agility, Educaitonal Game, FİFA 11+, Speed

Isınma Seanslarında Uygulanan Eğitsel Oyunların Fiziksel ve Psikolojik Performansa Etkileri

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, FİFA 11+ ısınma evresinin eğitsel oyunlar ile uygulanması (FİFA 11+ EO) sonrası akut fiziksel ve psikolojik performans değerleri üzerine etkilerini incelemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırmaya yaşları 16 olan, iyi antrene edilmiş 15 futbol oyuncusu dâhil edildi (boy: 168,27±7,43, vücut ağırlığı: 55,27±8,12, VKI: 19,50±2,03). İlk aşamada FİFA 11+ ısınma protokolü sonrası 20m sürat, 505, T-Diril ve illinois yön değiştirme koşu (YDK) testleri uygulanıp hemen ardından fiziksel aktiviteden keyif alma ölçeği (FAKÖ) dolduruldu. Bu uygulamadan bir hafta sonra FİFA 11+ EO ısınma evresi gerçekleştirip aynı testler birer gün ara ile uygulandı.
Bulgular: Elde edilen veriler normallik testlerine göre karşılaştırma analizlerine dâhil edildi. FİFA 11+ ısınma evresi sonrası sporcuların 20m sürat zamanlarında FİFA 11+ EO ısınma evresine göre anlamlı farklılık elde edildi (p<0,05). FİFA 11+ EO evresi sonrasında ise sporcuların 505 (p<0,05) ve T-Diril YDK performansları (p<0,05) FİFA 11+ ısınma evresine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkarken, her iki ısınma evresi sonrasında sporcuların FAKÖ sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık ortaya çıkmamıştır.
Sonuç: Bu araştırma, FİFA 11+ gibi bir ısınma evresi ile eğitsel oyun kullanılmasının YDK becerisi üzerine olumlu etki ettiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca sporcular 20m sürat becerilerini FİFA 11+ ısınma evresinden sonra daha kısa sürelerde tamamlamışlardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çeviklik, Eğitsel oyun, FİFA 11+, Sürat

Kaynakça

• Abade, E., Sampaio, J., Gonçalves, B., Baptista, J., Alves, A., & Viana, J. (2017). Effects of different re-warmup activities in football players' performance. PLoSOne, 12(6), 1-13.
• Asgari, M., Nazari, B., Bizzini, M., &Jaitner, T. (2023). Effects of the FIFA 11+ program on performance, biomechanical measures, and physiological responses: A systematic review. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 12(2), 226-235.
• Ayala, F., Calderón-López, A., Delgado-Gosálbez, J. C., Parra-Sánchez, S., Pomares-Noguera, C., Hernández-Sánchez, S., ... & De SteCroix, M. (2017). Acute effects of three neuromuscular warm-up strategies on several physical performance measures in football players. PloSone, 12(1), 1-17.
• Belkhir, Y., Rekik, G., Chtourou, H., & Souissi, N. (2019). Listening to neutral or self-selected motivational music during warm-up to improve short-term maximal performance in soccer players: Effect of time of day. Physiology & behavior, 204(6), 168-173.
• Bishop, D. (2003). Warm up I: Potential mechanisms and the effects of passive warm up on exercise performance. Sports Medicine, 33(6), 439-454.
• Bizzini, M., Impellizzeri, F. M., Dvorak, J., Bortolan, L., Schena, F., Modena, R., & Junge, A. (2013). Physiological and performance responses to the “FIFA 11+”(part 1): Is it an appropriate warm-up?. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(13), 1481-1490.
• Bizzini, M., Junge, A., & Dvorak, J. (2011). The “11+” Manual. A complete warm-up programme to prevent injuries. Zurich: FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre.
• Chiu, L. Z., Fry, A. C., Weiss, L. W., Schilling, B. K., Brown, L. E., & Smith, S. L. (2003). Post activation potentiation response in athletic and recreationally trained individuals. The Journal of Strength&Conditioning Research, 17(4), 671-677.
• Daneshjoo, A., Mokhtar, A. H., Rahnama, N., & Yusof, A. (2013). Effects of the 11+ and Harmoknee warm-up programs on physical performance measures in Professional soccer players. Journal of sports science&medicine, 12(3), 489-496.
• Faigenbaum, A., McFarland, J., & Nitka, M. (2007). Dynamic motivation with skills and drills. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 29(2), 74-76.
• González-Mohíno, F., Martín, R., Santos-García, D., Fidel, P., de Asis Fernandez, F., Yustres, I., ... & Winter, E. (2018). Effects of high-intensity warm-ups on running performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(06), 426-432.
• Ladwig, M. A. (2013). The psychological effects of a pre-workout warm-up: An exploratory study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(3), 79-87.
• McCrary, J. M., Ackermann, B. J., & Halaki, M. (2015). A systematic review of the effects of upper body warm-up on performance and injury. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(14), 935-942.
• McGowan, C. J., Pyne, D. B., Thompson, K. G., & Rattray, B. (2015). Warm-up strategies for sport and exercise: mechanisms and applications. Sports medicine, 45, 1523-1546.
• McMillian, D. J., Moore, J. H., Hatler, B. S., & Taylor, D. C. (2006). Dynamic vs. static-stretching warm up: the effect on power and agility performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(3), 492-499.
• Özkurt, B., Küçükibiş, H. F., & Eskiler, E. (2022). Fiziksel Aktivitelerden Keyif Alma Ölçeği (FAKÖ): Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 21-37.
• Palazón, F. J. R., Noguera, C. P., Rodríguez, F. A., Sánchez, S. H., Romero, M. T. M., de Baranda, M. D. P. S., & Wesolek, I. (2016). Acute and chronic effects of the FIFA 11+ on several physical performance measures in adolescent football players. European Journal of Human Movement, 36(1), 116-136.
• Pauole, K., Madole, K., Garhammer, J., Lacourse, M., & Rozenek, R. (2000). Reliability and validity of the T-test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 14(4), 443-450.
• Sheppard, J. M., & Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(9), 919-932.
• Silvia, T., & Paul, S. (2023). The Effects of The Fıfa 11+ Warm-Up Programme on Injury Preventıon at U15–U23 Level in Football: A Systematıc Revıew. Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education & Sport/Science, Movement & Health, 23(2), 503-507.
• Šimek, S., Milanović, D., & Jukić, I. (2008). The effects of proprioceptive training on jumping and agility performance. Kinesiology, 39(2), 131-141.
• Vallerand, R. J. (2000). Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory: A view from the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 312-318.