Comparison of Trampoline Gymnastics Athletes' Performance and Normative Data of Tokyo Olympic Games

Yıl 2024, , 184 - 194, 30.09.2024

Özlem Keskin

https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1532214

Öz

Aim: It was aimed to compare the performances of athletes competing in the Trampoline Gymnastics branch at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and to create normative data.
Methods: In the study, the scores obtained by 16 male and 16 female athletes in the final and qualifying competitions were evaluated by using document analysis method, one of the secondary data collection techniques. Mann Whitney U test was used to determine the differences between the difficulty, execution, horizontal displacement, time of flight and total scores. In addition, the competition scores were first converted into Z-scores and then the T-score equivalents were determined, and norms of the data were created by defining qualitative descriptions ranging from extremely poor to excellent for performance ranges.
Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the difficulty, execution, time of flight and total scores in the first series of the qualification competition (p<0.05). In the final competition, statistically significant differences were found between the difficulty and time of flight scores and total scores (p<0.05). In addition, in the final competition, it was found that there was a highly significant relationship between execution and difficulty scores and total score in women, while there was a highly significant relationship with horizontal displacement in men, and a highly significant relationship between time of flight, execution and difficulty scores and total score (p<0.01).
Conclusion: As a result, it is thought that these assessments will help coaches to analyze the performance components in determining the levels of athletes and performance follow-up.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trampoline, Tokyo 2020, Normative values

Trampolin Cimnastik Sporcularının Performans Karşılaştırması ve Tokyo Olimpiyat Oyunlarının Normatif Verileri

Öz

Amaç: Tokyo 2020 olimpiyat oyunlarında Trampolin Cimnastik branşında yarışan sporcuların performanslarının karşılaştırılması ve normatif verilerinin oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırmada ikincil veri toplama tekniklerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak 16 erkek ve 16 kadın sporcunun final ve eleme yarışmalarında elde ettikleri puanlar değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Zorluk, uygulama, horizontal yer değiştirme, uçuş zamanı ve toplam puanlar arasındaki farkların belirlenmesi amacıyla Mann Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca müsabaka puanları önce Z-puanlarına dönüştürülmüş sonra da T-puan karşılıkları belirlenerek performans aralıkları için, son derece zayıftan mükemmele kadar değişen niteliksel açıklamalar tanımlanarak verilerin normları oluşturulmuştur.
Bulgular: Eleme müsabakasındaki ilk serilerde zorluk, uygulama, uçuş zamanı ve toplam puanlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulunumuştur (p<0,05). Final müsabakasında ise zorluk ve uçuş zamanı puanları ile toplam puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ayrıca final müsabakasında, kadınlarda uygulama ve zorluk puanları ile toplam puan arasında yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken, erkeklerde horizontal yer değiştirme ile çok yüksek düzeyde, uçuş zamanı, uygulama ve zorluk puanları ile toplam puan arasında yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,01).
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak yapılan bu değerlendirmelerin sporcuların düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde ve performans takiplerinin yapılmasında antrenörlerin performans bileşenlerini analiz etmelerinde yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trampolin, Tokyo 2020, Norm değerleri

Kaynakça

• Atılgan, O. E. (2013). Effects of trampoline training on jump, leg strength, static and dynamic balance of boys. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 5(2), 15-25.
• Bortoleto, M., Carrara, P. & Roveri, M. (2018). Trampoline gymnastics: the Brazilian participation at international championships – the Olympic games still a dream. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 10(3), 467-483.
• Burt, L. A., Schipilow, J. D. & Boyd, S. K. (2016). Competitive trampolining influences trabecular bone structure, bone size, and bone strength. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 5(4), 469-475.
• Dyas, N., Green, D., Thomas, K. & Howatson, G. (2021). Reliability and characterization of the 20-maximum trampoline jump test. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 29(2), 131-137.
• Dyas, N., Green, D., Thomas, K., Matthew, E. & Howatson, G. (2023). The physical determinants of maximal jumping time of flight in elite trampolining. European Journal of Sport Science, 23(12), 2283-2290.
• Esposito, P. W. & Esposito, L. M. (2009). The reemergence of the trampoline as a recreational activity and competitive sport. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 8(5), 273-277.
• Farquharson, R. (2012). The demands of gymnastic trampolining from touch down to take off: a physical preparation perspective. Sportex Medicine, 53, 14-19.
• Ferger, K. & Hackbarth, M. (2017). New way of determining horizontal displacement in competitive trampolining. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 9(3), 303-310.
• Ferger, K., Helm, F. & Zentgraf, K. (2020). Estimating horizontal displacement deduction in trampoline gymnastics by means of constant and variable errors of landing positions: A new gold standard? Science of Gymnastics Journal, 12(2), 203-216.
• FIG Federation Internationale de Gymnastique). TRA COP 2022-2024. https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/rules/#7. Accessed August 3, 2024.
• Heinen, T. & Krepela, F. (2016). Evaluating routines in trampoline gymnastics. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 8(3), 229-238.
• Keskin, Ö. (2024). The relationship between the artistic, execution and difficulty scores and the final score of the athletes competing in the 13th european aerobic gymnastics championship. Journal of ROL Sports Science, 5(2), 272-284.
• Kilijanek, K. & Sanchez, K. (2020). History and overview of gymnastics disciplines. Gymnastics medicine: Evaluation, Management and Rehabilitation, 1-14.
• Koca Kosova, M. & Kosova, S. (2021). A comparison of time of flight and horizontal displacement scores in trampoline gymnastics routines. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 13(2), 221-229.
• Kosova, S., & Kosova, M. K. (2021). The effect of score types on total score in trampoline gymnastics: Example of the European Championship in Sochi 2021. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 25(6), 349-354.
• Kryuchek, E. S., Skrzhinsky, A. M. & Lebedeva, YA. A. (2021). Analysis of the results of applying objective evaluation criteria and modern development trends in trampoline jumping. Scientific Notes of P.F. Lesgaft University, 5 (195), 203-207.
• Leskošek, B., Čuk, I. & Peixoto, C. J. (2018). Inter-rater reliability and validity of scoring men's individual trampoline routines at European championships 2014. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 10(1), 69-79.
• Mohammed, M. & Joshi, M. (2015). Study of some physiological responses associated with performance on trampoline of youth female gymnasts in Aurangabad city. Journal Of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 2(1), 33-36.
• Oliveira, K. P. J. D., Carrara, P., Coelho, E. F., Ferreira, R. M., Mourthé, K., Vianna, N. S. et al. (2021). Multidimensional indicators of sporting potential of Brazilian trampoline gymnasts. Journal of Physical Education, 32(1), e-3264.
• Pilyuk N., Bereslavskaya N., Svistun G., Zhigaylova L. & Pavlova Y. (2020). Pedagogical control of special technical preparedness of athletes of high qualification in trampoline jumping. Fizicheskaja Kul’tura, Sport – Nauka İ Praktika [Physical Education, Sport – Science and Practice.], 2020, No 1, Pp. 43-48 (In Russian).
• Sands, W. A., Varmette, M. K., Bogdanis, G. C., Donti, O., Murphy, B. V., & Taylor, T. J. (2019). Comparison of bounce characteristics on three types of trampolines. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 11(2), 223-237.
• Seredyński, A., & Polak, E. (2015). Physical fitness of girls practicing acrobatic and trampoline gymnastics compared to that of girls practicing other sports in the Subcarpathian province team. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 22(3), 158-164.
• Takahashi, M., Bando, Y., Fukui, T., Maruyama, A., & Sugita, M. (2023). Straight jump landing position of trampoline gymnasts with stable occlusal balance reflects standing postural control function. Applied Sciences, 13(11), 6689.
• Terekhina R. N., Kryuchek E. S., & Skrzhinsky, A. M. (2019). Analysis of the results of the 2018 world championships in st. Petersburg and trends in the development of trampoline jumping. Scientific Notes of P. F. Lesgaft University, 6 (172), 258-262.
• Tokyo (2020). https://Library.Olympics.Com/Default/Doc/SYRACUSE/849101/Results-Books-Tokyo-2020-The-Tokyo-Organising-Committee-Of-The-Olympic-And-Paralympic-Games?_Lg=En-GB. Accessed July 19, 2024.
• Turner A. (2017). Z-Scores and the TSA. Available at you tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6l5VdBlo96Y. Accessed August 3, 2024.
• Uçan, I. (2018). The performance prediction of elite male trampolines based on physical fitness factors. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(N4a), 39-44.
• Vicente-Mariño, M. (2021). World age group competitions (wagc) as a development pillar for trampoline gymnastics: analyzing national federations’ results between 1999 and 2019. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 13(1), 127-141.
• Woltmann, L., Hartmann, C., Lehner, W., Rausch, P., & Ferger, K. (2023). Sensor-based jump detection and classification with machine learning in trampoline gymnastics. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 53(2), 187-195.