Dağ Kayağı Milli Sporcuların Somatatip Yapıları ve Solunum Fonksiyonları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, dağ kayağı milli sporcuların somatotip yapıları ile solunum fonksiyonları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmaya, Türkiye Dağ kayağı milli takımı hazırlık kampı’nda yer alan 9 erkek sporcu (yaş 19,66±2,12 yıl, boy 175,3±5,19 cm. vücut ağırlığı 68,55±2,69 kg) ile 4 kadın sporcu (yaş 17,25±0,95 yıl, boy 164±8,58cm, vücut ağırlığı 57±4,24 kg) gönüllü olarak katıldı. Araştırmaya katılan sporcuların boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, deri kıvrım kalınlığı, genişlik ve çevre ölçümleri alındı. Sporcuların somatotip yapıları Heath-Carter yöntemi ile, solunum fonksiyon ölçümleri ise dijital spirometre ile belirlendi. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 26.0 paket program kullanılarak analiz edildi. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz, t-Testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizleri yapıldı. Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda erkek sporcuların ortalama somatotip yapıları 3−5−2 (Endomorfik−Mezomorf), kadın sporcuların ortalama somatotip yapıları ise 4−4−3 (Mezomorfi−Endomorfi) olarak tespit edildi. Sporcuların solunum fonksiyon testi sonuçları normal aralıkta ve beklenenden yüksek performans gösterdiği belirlendi. Sporcuların somatotip yapıları ektomorfik−mezomorfi olanların zorlu vital kapasite (FVC) ve zorlu ekspirasyon akımı %25 (MEF25%) değerlerinin endomorf−ektomorf olanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu ve aralarında anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca sporcuların endomorf somatotip yapıları ve vücut yağ yüzdeleri ile zorlu vital kapasiteleri (FVC) arasında negatif korelasyon tespit edildi. Araştırmada diğer degişkenlerde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Sonuç: Sporcuların akciğer fonksiyonları sağlıklı ve güçlü olduğu ve somatotip yapıların özellikle vital kapasitelerini ve hava yollarını etkilediğini göstermiştir. Sporcuların obstrüktif ve restriktif akciğer (FEV1/FVC) değerlerinin tahmin edilenden daha düşük olduğu bu durum araştırma grubumuzdaki sporcuların büyük hava yollarında daralma ve obstrüktif bir durum olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dağ Kayağı
• Somatotip
• Solunum fonksiyon testi

Investigation of the Relationship Between Somatotype Structures and Respiratory Functions of Ski-mountaineering National Athletes

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between somatotype structures and respiratory functions of national ski-mountaineering athletes. Methods: Nine male athletes (age 19.66±2.12 years, height 175.3±5.19 cm, body weight 68.55±2.69 kg) and four female athletes (age 17.25±0.95 years, height 164±8.58 cm, body weight 57±4,24 kg) participated in the study. Height, body weight, skinfold thickness, width and circumference measurements were taken. The somatotype structures of the athletes were determined by Heath-Carter method and pulmonary function measurements were determined by digital spirometer. Descriptive analysis, t-test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: As a result of the analysis, the mean somatotype structure of male athletes was 3−5−2 (Endomorphic−Mesomorphic) and the mean somatotype structure of female athletes was 4−4−3 (Mesomorphic-Endomorphic). The pulmonary function test results of the athletes were within the normal range and showed higher performance than expected. It was determined that the FVC and MEF25% values of the athletes whose somatotype structures were ectomorphic-mesomorphic were higher than the endomorph-ectomorphic ones and there was a significant difference between them. In addition, there was a negative correlation between FVC and endomorphic somatotype structures and body fat percentages of the athletes. No significant correlation was found in other variables. Conclusion: The lung function of the athletes was healthy and strong, and somatotype structures especially affected their vital capacity and airways. The FEV1/FVC values of the athletes were lower than expected, shows that the athletes in our study group had a narrowing and obstructive condition in the large airways.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ski-mountaineering
• Somatotype
• Pulmonary function test

Kaynakça

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