Türkiye'de Takım ve Bireysel Spor Yapan Kadınların Cinsel ve Psikolojik Tacize Maruz Kalma Konusundaki Farkındalığı

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de takım ve bireysel spor yapan kadınların cinsel ve psikolojik tacize maruz kalma konusundaki farkındalıklarını araştırmaktır. Yöntem: 474 takım ve bireysel spor müsabakasına katılan sporculara cinsel taciz envanteri uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel işlemlerde ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Özen ve ark. (2018) tarafından geliştirilen ve dört bölümden oluşan "Sporlarda Cinsel Taciz Envanteri" ile toplanmıştır. Bu bölümler; taciz davranışlarının tanınması, olayların sıklığı ve yeri, tepkiler ve şikayet mekanizmaları ile önleme önerilerini içermektedir. Envanterin geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği önceki çalışmalarda doğrulanmış olup, mevcut örneklem için iç tutarlılık yeniden değerlendirilmiştir. Takım ve bireysel sporlar arasındaki farklılıkları incelemek için ki-kare testleri uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Kadın sporcuların %2,58'i sık sık cinsel tacize maruz kaldığını, %14,12’si ara sıra ve %9,12’si bir kez deneyimlediğini belirtmiştir. Sporcuların çoğunluğu (%74,65) böyle bir davranışla karşılaşmadığını bildirmiştir. Genel olarak takım ve bireysel sporlar arasında cinsel tacize maruz kalma açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Ancak, cinsel içerikli şakaların sıklığı ve zorla cinsel ilişki konusunda anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Sonuç: Takım ve bireysel spor yapan sporcuların cinsel taciz algıları benzer bulunmuştur. Türk spor ortamlarında taciz vakalarının etkili bir şekilde ele alınması ve önlenmesi için sporcuların güvenle bildirimde bulunabileceği özel bir kurumsal birimin oluşturulması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bireysel Sporlar
• Psikolojik Taciz
• Cinsel Taciz
• Takım Sporları

Awareness of Women Doing Team and Individual Sports in Türkiye About Being Exposed to Sexual and Psychological Harassment

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the awareness of women doing team and individual sports in Türkiye about being exposed to sexual and psychological harassment. Method: A sexual harassment inventory was applied to athletes participating in 474 team and individual sports competitions. The chi-square test was used in statistical operations. Data were collected using the "Sexual Harassment Inventory in Sports" developed by Özen et al. (2018), which includes four sections: recognition of harassment behaviors, frequency and location of incidents, reactions and complaint mechanisms, and suggestions for prevention. The validity and reliability of the inventory were confirmed in prior studies, and internal consistency for the current sample was re-evaluated. Chi-square tests were applied to examine differences between team and individual sports. Results: While 2.58% of female athletes reported frequent sexual harassment, 14.12% experienced it occasionally, and 9.12% once. A majority (74.65%) reported no experience of such behavior. No statistically significant difference was found between team and individual sports in overall harassment exposure (p>0.05). However, significant differences were found in the frequency of sexually explicit jokes and forced sexual intercourse (p<0.05). Conclusion: Athletes in team and individual sports shared similar perceptions of sexual harassment. Establishing a dedicated institutional unit where athletes can safely report harassment was recommended to address and prevent such cases effectively in Turkish sports environments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Individual Sports
• Psychological Harassment
• Sexual Harassment
• Team Sports

Kaynakça

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