Acute and Chronic Lower Limb Ischaemic Preconditioning Increase the Sprint Triathlon Performance in Athletes

Öz

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on triathlon performance in athletes. Method: Twenty-four triathletes (8 female, 16 males; mean age: 35.43±1.84 years), with at least 3 years of training and competition experience, participated. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), respiratory frequency, and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters (SDNN, NN50, PNN50, RMSSD, VLF, LF, HF, LF/HF) were measured following rest, sham, and IPC conditions. IPC was applied both acutely (single session) and chronically (7 consecutive days) using a sphygmomanometer cuff inflated to 220 mmHg for 5 minutes, followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion, repeated four times. Sham involved the same protocol with 20 mmHg pressure. Data was analyzed using t-tests. Results: Triathlon completion time significantly improved after both sham and IPC, but the improvement was greater after IPC (p<0.05). Performance enhancement was more pronounced with chronic IPC. Increased cycling performance largely contributed to the improvement in total triathlon time. Post-exercise heart rate was significantly lower following IPC compared to other conditions (p<0.05), while no other HRV parameters showed significant differences. Conclusion: IPC significantly enhanced triathlon performance, especially when applied chronically, likely due to reduced heart rate after exercise. However, its effects on other HRV components were limited.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Heart Rate Variability
• İschemic Preconditioning
• Triathlon

Atletlerde Akut ve Kronik Alt Ekstremite İskemik Ön Koşullama Sprint Triatlon Performansını Artırır

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, iskemik ön koşullamanın (IPC) triatlon performansı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: En az 3 yıllık antrenman ve yarışma deneyimine sahip 24 triatlet (8 kadın, 16 erkek; ort. yaş: 35,43±1,84 yıl) çalışmaya katıldı. Kalp atım hızı (KA), kan basıncı, algılanan efor derecesi (RPE), solunum frekansı ve kalp atım hızı değişkenliği (HRV) parametreleri (SDNN, NN50, PNN50, RMSSD, VLF, LF, HF, LF/HF) istirahat, sham ve IPC koşullarında ölçüldü. IPC, manşet ile 220 mmHg’ye şişirilip 5 dakika basınç uygulanması, ardından 5 dakika reperfüzyon şeklinde, 4 kez tekrar edilerek akut (tek seans) ve kronik (7 gün ardışık) olarak uygulandı. Sham koşulunda ise aynı protokol 20 mmHg basınç ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler t-testi ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Triatlon tamamlama süresi hem sham hem de IPC sonrasında anlamlı şekilde iyileşti, ancak IPC sonrasında bu iyileşme daha fazlaydı (p<0,05). Performans artışı özellikle kronik IPC ile daha belirgindi. Toplam triatlon süresindeki iyileşmeye en çok bisiklet performansındaki artış katkıda bulundu. Egzersiz sonrası kalp atım hızı, IPC sonrasında diğer koşullara kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha düşüktü (p<0,05), ancak diğer HRV parametrelerinde anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmedi. Sonuç: IPC, özellikle kronik uygulandığında, triatlon performansını anlamlı şekilde artırmıştır. Bu etkinin büyük ölçüde egzersiz sonrası kalp atım hızındaki düşüşten kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Ancak IPC’nin diğer HRV bileşenleri üzerindeki etkisi sınırlı kalmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kalp Atım Hızı Değişkenliği
• İskemik Ön Koşullama
• Triatlon

Kaynakça

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